（本经上品）
观此生成，尽情显出，少阳火用之象。
【气味】辛温，无毒。
【主治】主咳逆上气，头痛脑动，百节拘挛，风湿痹痛死肌。久服明目，利九窍，轻身
长年
【核】曰∶出华阴、高丽山谷中者为上，今处处虽有，皆不及也。南阳临海者亦可用。
山海经云∶浮戏之山多少辛。管子云∶五沃之土群药生，细辛是矣。春生苗，一根则一叶相
连，今多以杜衡为之。博物志云∶杜衡能乱细辛，振古已然颐为能乱细辛者，不止杜衡，当
以根苗色味细辨之。叶似小葵，茎柔根细，端直而长，色紫味辛，嚼之习习如椒者，细辛也。
叶似马蹄，茎微粗，根似细辛而曲，色黄白，味亦辛者，杜衡也。一茎直上，茎端生叶如伞
状，根似细辛而微粗，色黄白，味辛兼苦者，鬼督邮也。根似鬼督邮而色黑者，及己也。叶
似小桑，根似细辛而粗长，色深黄，味辛臭臊者，徐长卿也。叶似柳叶，根似细辛而粗长，
色黄白，味苦者，白微也。根似白微而脆，色白味甘者，白前也。修治，拣去双叶者，切去
头上子，以瓜水浸一宿，曝干用。曾青、枣根为之使。得当归、芍药、白芷、川芎、牡丹、
本、甘草，共疗妇人。得决明、鲤鱼胆、青羊肝，共疗目痛。恶黄 、野狼毒、山茱萸。忌
生菜、狸肉。畏硝石、滑石。反藜芦。
（世人用细辛，不分真伪，繇辨之不早辨也。杜衡、鬼督邮、徐长卿、白微、白前五种，
根
绍隆王先生云∶肝木上行，春风上升，反于横遍矣。经云∶无怒其志，使华英成莠，此春转
成夏，升转从出之机乎。
先人云∶密通精气，显益火大，青阳之象也。
【 】曰∶细指形言，辛指味言。轻清柔劲，端直修长，当入少阳，宣达甲胆之用；自
下而上，以行春令者也。故主春气者病在头，而为头痛脑动，目不明，窍不利。此虽自下而
上，不能宣达者也。咳逆上气，此惟自下而上，不循伦次者也。百节拘挛，此不能自下而上，
升从入令者也。痹痛死肌，此不得自下而上，反侮所胜者也。总属肝用之过与不及，而独偏
向不及者欤。
（轻清柔劲，端直修长，即内经所谓∶春脉如弦，何如而弦，春脉者，肝脉也。万物之
所以始生也。故其脉之来，轻虚以浮，端直以长，以言肝木之用，效象天气以为形容者也。
细辛功用吻合，的是少阳用药无疑矣。
【《神农本草经》列为上品】
观察细辛的生长形态，充分显露出少阳相火功能作用的象意。
【气味】味辛，性温，无毒。
【主治功效】主要治疗咳嗽气逆、头痛脑动（头部胀痛跳动）、全身关节拘挛抽搐、风湿痹痛及肌肉麻木不仁。长期服用可以明目，通利九窍，使身体轻健，延年益寿。
【考证辨析】曰：出产在华阴、高丽山谷中的为上品，如今各地虽然也有出产，但都不如这些地方的好。南阳、临海出产的也可以使用。
《山海经》说：浮戏山有很多细辛。《管子》说：肥沃的土地上各种药物生长，细辛就是其中之一。春天生苗，一根茎只长一片叶子相连，现在很多人用杜衡来冒充细辛。《博物志》说：杜衡能混淆细辛，自古以来就是这样。我认为能混淆细辛的，不止杜衡一种，应当通过根、苗的颜色和味道仔细辨别。叶形像小葵花，茎柔软，根细长，笔直而长，颜色紫红，味道辛辣，嚼起来感觉像花椒一样麻舌的，是细辛。叶形像马蹄，茎稍粗，根形状像细辛但弯曲，颜色黄白，味道也辛辣的，是杜衡。一茎直立向上，茎端生出叶子像伞状，根形状像细辛但稍粗，颜色黄白，味道辛辣兼苦的，是鬼督邮。根形状像鬼督邮但颜色黑的，是及己。叶形像小桑叶，根形状像细辛但粗长，颜色深黄，味道辛辣且有腥臊臭气的，是徐长卿。叶形像柳叶，根形状像细辛但粗长，颜色黄白，味道苦的，是白微。根形状像白微但质地脆，颜色白，味道甘甜的，是白前。
【炮制方法】拣去双叶的品种，切去根头上的子，用瓜水浸泡一夜，晒干后使用。曾青、枣根作为它的引经药（使药）。配合当归、芍药、白芷、川芎、牡丹皮、藁本、甘草，共同治疗妇科病。配合决明子、鲤鱼胆、青羊肝，共同治疗眼痛。
【配伍禁忌】恶（畏）黄耆、野狼毒、山茱萸。忌食生菜、狸肉。畏硝石、滑石。反藜芦。
（世人使用细辛，不分真伪，是因为没有及早辨别。杜衡、鬼督邮、徐长卿、白微、白前这五种药材，根……
绍隆王先生说：肝木之气上行，春风上升，反而违背了横向遍布的特性。经文说：不要发怒扰乱意志，使得精华变成杂草，这是春天转为夏天，升发转为疏泄的机理吗？
先父说：细辛能密通精气，显著补益相火，这是青阳（少阳）的象意。
【释义】曰：“细”指其形态，“辛”指其味道。质地轻清柔劲，笔直修长，应当归属于少阳经，宣达甲胆（胆腑）的功能作用；它是自下而上运行，以施行春令（春季生发之气）的。所以主管春气的病症多在头部，出现头痛脑动、眼睛不明亮、九窍不通利的症状。这属于虽然气机自下而上，但不能宣达的情况。咳嗽气逆，这是气机自下而上，但不循常理次序的表现。全身关节拘挛，这是不能自下而上，升发从入令（顺应时令）的表现。痹痛死肌，这是不能自下而上，反而克制所胜（五行相克关系失常）的表现。总归属于肝用功能的太过或不及，而这里独独偏向于不及的情况吧。
（轻清柔劲，笔直修长，这正是《内经》所说的：春脉如弦，怎样才是弦脉呢？春脉，就是肝脉。万物开始生长的时节。所以它的脉象到来时，轻虚而浮，笔直而长，这是用来说明肝木的功能作用，效法天气的形象来作比喻的。
细辛的功效与此吻合，确实是少阳经用药无疑了。）
[Classified as Upper Grade in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*]
Observing its growth morphology, it fully reveals the image of the functional activity of Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) ministerial fire.
[Taste and Nature] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi, headache with throbbing in the brain, spasms and contractures of all joints, bi-syndrome (painful obstruction syndrome) caused by wind-dampness, and numbness or death of muscle tissue. Long-term use brightens the eyes, benefits the nine orifices, lightens the body, and prolongs longevity.
[Verification and Analysis] It is said: Those produced in the valleys of Huayin and Goryeo are of the highest quality; those produced everywhere now are inferior. Those from Nanyang and Linhai can also be used.
The *Classic of Mountains and Seas* states: "Fuxi Mountain has much Xixin." The *Guanzi* states: "On fertile soil, various medicines grow; Xixin is one of them." In spring, shoots emerge; each root produces a single leaf connected to it. Nowadays, many people use Ducheng (*Dysosma versipellis*) to pass off as Xixin. The *Bowuzhi* states: "Ducheng can confuse Xixin; this has been the case since ancient times." I believe that what confuses Xixin is not limited to Ducheng; one must carefully distinguish them by the color and taste of their roots and shoots. Leaves resembling small hibiscus, stems soft, roots slender, straight and long, purple in color, pungent in taste, and causing a tingling sensation like Sichuan pepper when chewed, is Xixin (*Asari Radix et Rhizoma*). Leaves resembling horse hooves, stems slightly thick, roots resembling Xixin but curved, yellowish-white in color, and pungent in taste, is Ducheng (*Dysosma versipellis*). A single stem growing straight up, with leaves at the tip forming an umbrella shape, roots resembling Xixin but slightly thicker, yellowish-white in color, and pungent with a bitter taste, is Guidu You (*Caulis Aristolochiae debilis*). Roots resembling Guidu You but black in color, is Ji Ji (*Aristolochia contorta*). Leaves resembling small mulberry leaves, roots resembling Xixin but thick and long, deep yellow in color, and pungent with a fishy odor, is Xuzhangqing (*Caulis Cynanchi atrati*). Leaves resembling willow leaves, roots resembling Xixin but thick and long, yellowish-white in color, and bitter in taste, is Baiwei (*Radix Bletillae striatae*). Roots resembling Baiwei but brittle, white in color, and sweet in taste, is Baiqian (*Radix Polygoni avicularis*).
[Processing] Select varieties without double leaves, cut off the buds at the top of the root, soak in melon water overnight, and dry in the sun for use. Zengqing (*Calamina*) and Zaogen (*Radix Ziziphi Spinosae Cortex*) serve as guiding herbs (shi). When combined with Danggui (*Angelicae Sinensis Radix*), Shaoyao (*Paeoniae Radix Alba*), Baizhi (*Angelicae Dahuricae Radix*), Chuanxiong (*Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma*), Mudanpi (*Moutan Cortex*), Gaoben (*Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma*), and Gancao (*Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma*), they jointly treat gynecological diseases. When combined with Juemingzi (*Cassiae Semen*), Liyu Dan (*Carpis Felle*), and Qingyanggan (*Ovis Hepatis*), they jointly treat eye pain.
[Contraindications] Adverse reaction to Huangqi (*Astragali Membranacei Radix*), Yelangdu (*Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix*), and Shanzhuyu (*Corni Fructus*). Avoid raw vegetables and lynx meat. Fear Xiaoshi (*Natrii Sulfas*) and Huashi (*Talcum*). Counteracted by Lilu (*Veratri Radix*).
(People use Xixin today without distinguishing between authentic and fake varieties because they failed to differentiate them early on. The five types—Ducheng, Guidu You, Xuzhangqing, Baiwei, and Baiqian—have roots...
Mr. Wang Shaolong said: Liver wood qi ascends, spring wind rises, which contradicts the characteristic of horizontal distribution. The classic says: "Do not anger your will, lest the essence turn into weeds." Is this the mechanism where spring turns into summer, and ascending turns into exiting?
My father said: Xixin closely connects jing-qi and significantly benefits fire; this is the image of Qingyang (Shaoyang).
[Interpretation] "Xi" refers to its form, and "Xin" refers to its taste. Light, clear, soft, and firm, straight and slender, it should enter the Shaoyang channel, promoting the function of Jia Gallbladder (Yangming/Gallbladder); it moves from bottom to top, executing the Spring command. Therefore, diseases governed by Spring qi manifest in the head, causing headache, throbbing in the brain, blurred vision, and blocked orifices. This belongs to cases where qi attempts to move from bottom to top but fails to disseminate freely. Cough with rebellious qi is where qi moves from bottom to top but does not follow the proper sequence. Spasms of all joints are where qi cannot ascend from bottom to top to follow the seasonal command. Bi-pain and dead muscle are where qi cannot ascend from bottom to top and instead counteracts what it should overcome (reverse restriction). All these belong to the excess or deficiency of Liver function, specifically leaning towards deficiency here.
(Light, clear, soft, firm, straight and slender—this is exactly what the *Neijing* describes: "Spring pulse resembles a string. What makes it a string? The Spring pulse is the Liver pulse. It is when all things begin to grow. Thus, its pulse comes light, empty, floating, straight, and long." This describes the function of Liver wood, imitating the weather's image. Xixin's functions match this perfectly; it is undoubtedly a medicine for the Shaoyang channel.)