（本经上品）
从来相传，上有菟丝，下有茯苓，不知何所本。尝见菟丝随木萦绕茯苓，当不独只在松
下矣。又传松脂化茯苓，茯苓化琥珀，又不知何所本。世又重抱木者曰茯神，赤色者主利水，
又不知何所本。羽毛鳞介之长为四灵，故取形如鸟兽龟鳖者良，则苓宜作四灵长矣。以降地
之魄，待游天之魂，真真对证。
【气味】甘平，无毒。
【主治】主胸胁逆气，忧恚惊邪恐悸，心下结痛，寒热烦满，咳逆，口焦，舌干，利小
便。久服安魂，养神，不饥，延年。
【核】曰∶出太山山谷，及华山嵩山，郁州雍州诸处。生古松根下，下有茯苓，则松顶
盘结如盖。时有彤丝上荟，非新雨初霁，澄彻无风，不易现也。此即古松灵气，沦结成形，
如得气之全者，离其本体，故不抱根。如得气之微者，止能附结本根，故中心抱木。小者如
拳，大者如斗，外皮皱黑，内质坚白，形如鸟兽龟鳖者良。虚赤者不堪入药。又一种，即百
年大松，为人斩伐，枯折槎 ，虽枝叶不复上生，而精英之气，亦沦结成形，谓之茯苓拨。
即于四面丈余地内，以铁锥刺地，有则锥固不可拔，无则作声如瓮者，谓之茯苓窠，中有
白色蒙翳，蒸润其间，如蛛网然，尚属松气，将结成形者也。亦可人力为之，就斫伐松林，
根则听其自腐，取新苓之有白根者，名曰茯苓缆，截作寸许长，排种根旁，久之发香如马勃
，则茯苓生矣。修治去皮，捣作细末，入水盆中频搅，浮者滤去之，此即赤膜也，误服令人
目盲，或瞳子细小。马蔺为之使。恶白敛；畏牡蒙、地榆、雄黄、秦艽、龟甲。忌米醋酸物
。得甘草、防风、芍药、紫石英、麦门冬，共疗五藏。
【 】曰∶岁寒不凋，原具仙骨。虽经残斫。神灵勿伤，其精英不发于枝叶，而返旋生
气，吸伏于踵，所谓真人之息也。故茯取伏义，苓取龄义。又松木 天条达之气，反潜隐不
露，亦茯取伏义，苓取令义。二拟未确，聊备博采云尔。芳香清气，潜藏根底。对待忿戾浊
邪，冲逆胸胁。皓苓下居，彤丝上荟，对待忧愁怫逆，形诸颜面，摧残槎 ，俯就零落。对
待刀圭在心，有怀怨恨，珍重深邃。对待惊骇气上，镇定不动。对待恐惧悸忡，形质块磊，
气味清疏。对待晦滞立坚，心下结痛，神灵在躬。对待寒热外侮，幽静安闲。对待劳乱烦满，
渗泄就下。对待水寒逆肺，清闲平淡。对待口焦舌干，转旋气化。对待小便闭癃，吸元归踵。
对待游魂于天，恬澹虚无。对待神不内守，服气长生。对待饥渴夭龄，悉属象形，巽以入之
。清气上升，浊气下降，此其验也。
（嵩山记曰∶嵩山有大松树，或百岁，或千岁，其精变为青牛，为伏龟，采其实，可长
生。万松记曰∶夫松，木德之中正也，五德具焉。故其好生似仁。其后凋似义，其调理似礼，
其
【本经上品】
自古以来相传，天上有菟丝草，地下有茯苓，不知这一说法源自何处。我曾见过菟丝草缠绕在茯苓上生长，可见它不仅仅生长在松树下面。又传说松脂可以化为茯苓，茯苓可以化为琥珀，也不知这一说法源自何处。世人又重视抱木而生的茯苓，称为茯神；认为赤色的茯苓主要具有利水功效，也不知这一说法源自何处。羽毛、鳞甲、介壳的动物中，鸟、兽、龟、鳖被称为“四灵”，所以取形状像鸟、兽、龟、鳖的茯苓为佳品，那么茯苓应当算是“四灵”之首了。用降于地的阴魄（指茯苓质地重浊下沉），来等待游于天的阳魂（指心神飘忽不定），真是真正的对症之药。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】主治胸胁部气逆上冲，忧愁愤懑、惊邪、恐惧心悸，心下痞结疼痛，寒热往来、烦闷胀满，咳嗽气逆，口舌焦干，小便通利。长期服用能安神定魂，滋养精神，使人不感饥饿，延年益寿。
【考证】曰：茯苓产于泰山山谷，以及华山、嵩山、郁州、雍州等地。生长在古松根下，如果地下有茯苓，则松树的树顶盘结如伞盖状。有时红色的菟丝草向上荟萃覆盖，如果不是新雨初晴，天空澄澈无风，是不容易见到的。这就是古松的灵气，凝结而成形，如果得到气的完整形态，便脱离本体，所以不抱树根。如果得到气的微弱形态，只能附着并结聚在本根上，所以中心抱着木头。小的像拳头大，大的像斗大，外皮皱缩呈黑色，内部质地坚硬洁白，形状像鸟、兽、龟、鳖的为佳品。虚浮且呈赤色的不堪入药。还有一种，就是百年老松，被人砍伐，枯死折断，虽然枝叶不再向上生长，但精英之气，也凝结成形，称为茯苓拨。就在周围一丈多的地方，用铁锥刺地，如果有茯苓，锥子就会固定拔不出来；如果没有，发出像瓮一样的声音，称为茯苓窠，里面有白色的薄膜遮盖，蒸腾湿润在其中，像蜘蛛网一样，这还属于松气，即将凝结成形的状态。也可以用人力促成，就在砍伐过的松林中，让树根自然腐烂，选取新生茯苓带有白色细根的，称为茯苓缆，截成一寸多长，排列种植在树根旁边，久了会散发出像马勃一样的香气，茯苓就生成了。炮制时去皮，捣成细末，放入水盆中频繁搅拌，浮起来的滤去，这就是赤膜，误服会导致人失明，或者瞳孔变小。马蔺是它的引经药。害怕白敛；畏惧牡蒙、地榆、雄黄、秦艽、龟甲。忌食米醋和酸性食物。配合甘草、防风、芍药、紫石英、麦门冬，共同治疗五脏疾病。
【按语】曰：岁寒不凋谢，原本具备仙骨。即使经过残害砍伐，神灵也不受损伤，其精英之气不从枝叶发散，反而回旋生气，吸入脚跟，这就是所谓真人的呼吸。所以“茯”取潜伏之意，“苓”取年龄之意。另外，松木具有通达的天性之气，反而潜隐不露，也是“茯”取潜伏之意，“苓”取命令之意。这两种解释都不够确切，姑且备查供广泛采集参考罢了。（茯苓）芳香清轻之气，潜藏于根部底端。用来对抗愤怒刚烈、浑浊的邪气，冲逆胸胁。洁白的茯苓居下，红色的菟丝草在上荟萃，用来对抗忧愁抑郁之气，表现在颜面上，摧残枯折的树干，俯就零落的状态。用来对抗心中怀有怨恨、刀圭在心（指心存芥蒂或用药之心）的情绪，珍重深邃的情感。用来对抗惊恐骇怕、气机上逆的情况，镇定不动。用来对抗恐惧心悸、形体气质块垒不平的情况，气味清疏。用来对抗晦涩停滞、坚凝不散的情况，心下痞结疼痛，神灵在身体之中。用来对抗寒热外邪侵袭，幽静安闲。用来对抗劳碌混乱、烦闷胀满的情况，渗泄下行。用来对抗水寒之气逆犯肺脏，清闲平淡。用来对抗口舌焦干的情况，转旋气化功能。用来对抗小便闭塞不通的情况，吸纳元气归于脚跟。用来对抗魂魄游荡于天的情况，恬淡虚无。用来对抗神气不能内守的情况，服气长生。用来对抗饥渴短命的情况，这些都属于象形取义，巽卦（风/入）以进入体内。清气上升，浊气下降，这是它的验证。
（《嵩山记》说：嵩山有大松树，有的百岁，有的千岁，它们的精华变为青牛、伏龟，采摘它们的果实，可以长生不老。《万松记》说：松树，是木德中的中正之物，具备五德。所以它的好生之德类似仁。它最后凋零类似义，它的调理有序类似礼，它的……）
[Class I, Upper Grade]
It has been passed down since ancient times that there is Cuscutae Semen (Dodder Seed) in the heavens and Poria (Poria cocos) underground, but it is unknown what the basis for this is. I have seen Cuscutae Semen (Dodder Seed) winding around Poria (Poria cocos), indicating that it does not grow exclusively under pine trees. It is also transmitted that Pine Resin can transform into Poria (Poria cocos), and Poria (Poria cocos) can transform into Amber, but again, the origin of this claim is unknown. The world further values Poria (Poria cocos) that embraces wood, calling it Fu Shen (Poria with Hostwood). It is said that red-colored Poria (Poria cocos) primarily promotes urination, but the basis for this is unknown. Among creatures with feathers, scales, or shells, the Bird, Beast, Turtle, and Tortoise are known as the "Four Spiritual Creatures." Therefore, Poria (Poria cocos) shaped like birds, beasts, turtles, or tortoises is considered superior; thus, Poria (Poria cocos) should be regarded as the head of the "Four Spiritual Creatures." Using the Yin essence (heavy, sinking nature) descending from the earth to await the Yang soul (floating spirit) roaming in the sky is truly an accurate symptomatic treatment.
[Aroma and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, sorrow, indignation, fright, evil influences, fear, and palpitations; epigastric binding and pain; alternating chills and fever, vexation, and fullness; coughing and rebellious Qi; dry mouth and tongue; and facilitates urination. Long-term consumption calms the soul, nourishes the spirit, prevents hunger, and prolongs life.
[Verification] It is stated: Poria (Poria cocos) grows in the valleys of Mount Tai, as well as Mount Hua, Mount Song, Yuzhou, and Yongzhou. It grows beneath the roots of ancient pines. If Poria (Poria cocos) exists underground, the top of the pine tree forms a canopy-like knot. Sometimes, red Cuscutae Semen (Dodder Seed) gathers above; it is not easy to see unless after a fresh rain when the sky is clear and windless. This is the spiritual energy of the ancient pine, condensed into form. If it obtains the complete Qi, it separates from its original body and thus does not embrace the root. If it obtains only slight Qi, it merely attaches and knots to the main root, hence embracing the wood in the center. Small ones are fist-sized, large ones are bucket-sized. Those with wrinkled black outer skin and firm, white inner texture, shaped like birds, beasts, turtles, or tortoises, are superior. Those that are hollow and red are unsuitable for medicinal use. Another type comes from century-old pines that have been cut down and broken. Although branches and leaves no longer grow upward, the essential Qi still condenses into form, called Fuling Bo (Poria Shavings). By piercing the ground within a radius of one zhang with an iron cone, if Poria (Poria cocos) is present, the cone becomes fixed and cannot be pulled out; if absent, it makes a sound like an urn, called Fuling Ke (Poria Nest). Inside, there is a white membrane covering, steaming and moistening within, resembling spiderwebs; this still belongs to Pine Qi and is about to condense into form. Human effort can also facilitate this: in felled pine forests, let the roots rot naturally, select new Poria (Poria cocos) with white roots, call it Fuling Lan (Poria Cable), cut into inch-long pieces, arrange them beside the roots, and after a long time, they will emit an aroma like Polyporus umbellatus (Ma Bo), and Poria (Poria cocos) will grow. For processing, remove the skin, grind into fine powder, place in a basin of water, stir frequently, filter off the floating material, which is the red membrane; accidental ingestion causes blindness or small pupils. Iris lactea (Malin) acts as its guide drug. It is incompatible with Belamcandae Rhizoma (Bailian); it fears Lithospermi Radix (Mumeng), Sanguisorbae Radix (Diyu), Realgar (Xionghuang), Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (Qinjiao), and Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Guijia). Avoid rice vinegar and acidic foods. When combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix (Gancao), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao), Psathyrostachydis Fructus (Zishiyingshi - *Note: Standard term usually refers to Purple Fluorite or similar mineral, here likely Psathyrostachys or specific mineral context*), and Ophiopogonis Tuber (Maimendong), they jointly treat the Five Zang organs.
[Commentary] It is said: Remaining green in winter, it inherently possesses immortal bones. Even after being hacked and damaged, its spirit remains unharmed; its essential Qi does not disperse through branches and leaves but returns to circulate vital energy, absorbing into the heels, which is referred to as the breath of a True Person. Thus, "Fu" implies hiding/submerging, and "Ling" implies age/longevity. Furthermore, Pine Wood possesses a natural ascending and spreading Qi, yet it hides and remains concealed; this also uses "Fu" for hiding and "Ling" for command/order. These two interpretations are not definitive, provided merely for broad reference. Its aromatic, clear, and light Qi hides at the root base. It counters angry, violent, turbid evils that rush against the chest and hypochondrium. White Poria (Poria cocos) resides below, while red Cuscutae Semen (Dodder Seed) gathers above, countering sorrowful and depressed Qi manifested on the face, damaging broken trunks and accepting decay. It counters resentment held in the heart ("knife and scale" metaphor for medical intent or grudges), valuing profound emotions. It counters fright and shock causing Qi to rise, stabilizing and remaining motionless. It counters fear and palpitations with physical blockages, using clear and sparse aromas. It counters stagnation and hardness, addressing epigastric binding and pain, keeping the spirit within the body. It counters external invasion of cold and heat, maintaining quiet tranquility. It counters labor-induced chaos and vexation/fullness, promoting drainage downward. It counters cold water invading the Lung, remaining clear and plain. It counters dry mouth and tongue, rotating Qi transformation. It counters urinary retention, absorbing Yuan Qi back to the heels. It counters wandering souls in the sky, achieving tranquility and emptiness. It counters spirits failing to remain internal, promoting Qi absorption and longevity. It counters hunger, thirst, and premature death; all these relate to form symbolism, entering via the Xun trigram (Wind/Entry). Clear Qi ascends, turbid Qi descends; this is its verification.
(The Record of Mount Song states: Mount Song has large pine trees, some a hundred years old, others a thousand years old. Their essence transforms into green oxen or hidden turtles. Consuming their fruit can lead to immortality. The Record of Ten Thousand Pines states: Pine is the central and upright virtue among woods, possessing five virtues. Thus, its love for life resembles Ren (Benevolence). Its late withering resembles Yi (Righteousness). Its orderly regulation resembles Li (Propriety). Its...)