（别录上品）
【气味】甘，微寒，无毒。
【主治】主补五脏，利大小肠，治口疮。
【核】曰∶酥出外国，虏名马思哥者是也。随地亦可为，其法用牛乳生汁一斗，入砂
锅内，煎五七沸，滤去滓，倾磁盆内，次早汁面有凝衣，遂撇取之，熬去水气，酥成矣。
宜腊月造，他时者色味易变。有用马、羊乳造者，功用有别，不可不辨也。
先人云∶乳分五味，从乳生酪，从酪生酥。钻摇取者曰生酥，经火取者曰熟酥。酥中之
精曰醍醐，乳一斤，可得酥一两；酥十斤，可得醍醐一两。得醍醐，则酪不可食；得酥，则
酪不可食。谓精粹已出，余皆渣魄耳。
【 】曰∶牛，土畜也。土缓而和，故易坤为牛。牛，胃也，地虽冻，能胃而生也。诗
云∶尔牛来斯，其耳湿湿。湿湿，言润泽也。盖牛之为物，病则耳燥，安则温润而泽，故古
之视牛者以耳。乳者，胃府之别汁，水食之精粹。乳而酪，酪而酥，酥又乳酪之纯粹精也。
故可待腑脏之决而躁，形气之瘁而 。经云∶腑脏形气，皆禀气于胃。胃者，腑脏形气之本
也
若客热咳逆，以及诸疾，咸从燥生，其耳湿湿，力能温润而泽也。坤，阴物也。牛故蹄
拆，病阴，则阳胜，故牛病则立，足太阴病有强立一条，宜为对证，顺其性耳。牛，阴物也。
故起先后足，卧先前足。又不独治强立，并可治四肢拘挛，膝痛不可屈伸矣。顾草本之 ，
尚假牛膝为名，功力较之牛酥，若合符节，比量推度，则得之矣。
（牛尝卧，牛病则立；马尝立，马病则卧。是以牛走喜风顺，马走喜风逆，则凡形骸气
血，经脉支络，逆流而上，与不得顺流而下者，当百倍其力。）
【别录上品】
【气味】味甘，性微寒，无毒。
【主治】主要补益五脏，通利大小肠，治疗口疮。
【核证】曰：酥产自外国，胡人称之为“马思哥”（即酥油）。本地也可制作，其方法是取新鲜牛乳一斗，放入砂锅中，煮沸五到七次，过滤去除渣滓，倒入瓷盆中。次日清晨，汁液表面会形成一层凝固的皮膜，将其撇取出来，熬去水分，酥就制成了。适宜在腊月制作，其他时间制作的酥颜色和味道容易改变。也有用马乳、羊乳制作的，功效有所不同，不可不加以辨别。
先父曾说：乳汁分为五味，由乳生成酪，由酪生成酥。通过钻摇提取的称为生酥，经过火煮提取的称为熟酥。酥中的精华称为醍醐。一斤乳可得一两酥；十斤酥可得一两醍醐。得到了醍醐，剩下的酪就不能食用了；得到了酥，剩下的酪也不能食用了。这是因为精粹已经提取出来，剩下的都是渣滓和糟粕罢了。
【按语】曰：牛是属土的牲畜。土性缓和温和，所以《易经》中的坤卦象征为牛。牛对应胃腑，大地虽然冰冻，但牛能依靠胃气而生存。《诗经》说：“你的牛来到这里，耳朵湿润润泽。”“湿湿”，形容润泽的样子。大概牛这种动物，生病时耳朵干燥，安逸时则温润有光泽，所以古人观察牛是通过看它的耳朵。乳汁是胃腑分泌的特殊津液，是水谷饮食的精粹部分。由乳变成酪，由酪变成酥，酥又是乳和酪中纯粹的精微物质。所以可以等待脏腑功能失调导致的决裂躁动，以及形体元气衰竭导致的虚弱状态。（原文此处有缺字，根据上下文推测意为“滋养”或类似含义）《内经》说：脏腑和形体的元气，都禀受于胃气。胃，是脏腑和形体的根本。
如果是外来的热邪引起的咳嗽气逆，以及其他各种疾病，大多从燥热产生，牛耳的湿润润泽之性，有能力起到温润滋润的作用。坤卦代表阴物。牛因此蹄子开裂，如果患阴病，则阳气偏胜，所以牛生病时会站立，足太阴脾经的病证中有“强直站立”这一条，应当是对证的，顺应其本性而已。牛是阴物。所以起身时先起后脚，卧下时先卧前脚。不仅可治疗强直站立，还可以治疗四肢拘挛、膝盖疼痛不能屈伸的情况。考察草本药物中的牛膝，尚且借用牛膝之名，其功力与牛酥相比，如同符节相合一样吻合，通过比较衡量推断，就可以明白了。
（牛平时卧下，生病时站立；马平时站立，生病时卧下。所以牛行走喜欢顺风，马行走喜欢逆风，那么凡是形体骸骨气血、经脉支络，逆流向上，以及不能顺流向下的情况，应当加倍用力治疗。）
[Recorded in the Superior Category of the Bie Lu]
【Flavor and Nature】Sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic.
【Indications】Primarily tonifies the five Zang organs, unblocks the large and small intestines, and treats mouth ulcers.
【Analysis】It is stated that Su (Clarified Butter/Ghee) originates from foreign lands, where the Hu people call it "Masige" (a transliteration for ghee). It can also be produced locally. The method involves taking one dou (a unit of volume) of fresh cow's milk, boiling it five to seven times in a clay pot, filtering out the dregs, and pouring it into a porcelain basin. Early the next morning, a solidified skin forms on the surface of the liquid; this is skimmed off, boiled to remove moisture, and the Su is formed. It is best prepared in the twelfth lunar month; Su made at other times tends to change in color and flavor. Some use horse or sheep milk to produce it, but its efficacy differs, so this distinction must not be overlooked.
My late father once said: Milk transforms through five flavors/stages; from milk comes Lao (Yogurt/Curd), and from Lao comes Su. What is extracted by churning/shaking is called Sheng Su (Raw Ghee), while what is extracted by heating is called Shu Su (Cooked Ghee). The essence within Su is called Ti Hu (Ghee Essence/Amrita). From one jin (approx. 500g) of milk, one liang (approx. 37.5g) of Su can be obtained; from ten jin of Su, one liang of Ti Hu can be obtained. Once Ti Hu is obtained, the remaining Lao cannot be consumed; once Su is obtained, the remaining Lao cannot be consumed either. This is because the essence has been extracted, leaving only dregs and residue.
【Commentary】It is stated that the ox is an animal associated with Earth. Earth is gentle and harmonious, hence the Kun hexagram in the I Ching symbolizes the ox. The ox corresponds to the Stomach organ; although the earth may be frozen, the ox survives through its Stomach Qi. The Book of Songs states: "Your ox comes here, its ears wet and glossy." "Wet and glossy" describes a moist and lustrous appearance. Generally, when an ox is ill, its ears become dry; when at ease, they are warm, moist, and lustrous. Therefore, ancients observed oxen by looking at their ears. Milk is a special secretion of the Stomach Fu organ, representing the purest essence of water and food. Milk transforms into Lao, Lao transforms into Su, and Su is the purest essence of both milk and Lao. Thus, it can be used to address conditions arising from the rupture and agitation of Zang-Fu functions, as well as the exhaustion of form and Qi. The Classic states: The Qi of the Zang-Fu organs and the form derives from the Stomach. The Stomach is the root of the Zang-Fu organs and the form.
If there is cough and rebellious Qi caused by external heat, or various other diseases, all arise from dryness. The moist and lustrous nature of the ox's ears has the power to moisten and nourish. Kun represents Yin substances. Because the ox is associated with Yin, its hooves may crack; if afflicted by Yin disease, Yang becomes excessive, causing the ox to stand when ill. There is a condition in the Foot Taiyin channel called "rigid standing," which should correspond to this indication, following its natural tendency. The ox is a Yin substance. Therefore, when rising, it lifts its hind legs first; when lying down, it lowers its front legs first. Not only does it treat rigid standing, but it can also treat spasm and contraction of the four limbs, and knee pain with inability to flex or extend. Examining the herb Niuxi (Achyranthes Root), which borrows its name from the ox's knee, its efficacy compared to Niu Su (Ox Ghee) matches perfectly like a tally token. Through comparative reasoning, this understanding is achieved.
(The ox usually lies down but stands when ill; the horse usually stands but lies down when ill. Therefore, oxes prefer walking with the wind, while horses prefer walking against the wind. Thus, for any conditions where the physical body, Qi, blood, meridians, and collaterals flow counter-current upward, or fail to flow downward smoothly, the therapeutic effort should be doubled.)