宣、去风湿。
苦燥湿。辛散风。去肠胃之热。疏肝胆之气。活血荣筋。（风药中润剂、散药中补剂。）
治风
寒湿痹。（经曰∶风寒湿三气杂至、合而为痹、风胜为行痹、寒胜为痛痹、湿胜为着痹、痹
在于骨则体重、在脉则血涩、在筋则拘挛、在肉则不仁、在皮则寒。）通身挛急。潮热骨蒸
。（时珍曰∶手足阳明经药、兼入肝胆、阳明有湿、则手足酸痛寒热、有热则日晡潮热骨蒸
、宋太宗太平圣惠方、治急劳烦热、秦艽柴胡各一两、甘草五钱为末、每服三钱、又方治小
儿骨蒸潮热、食减瘦弱、秦艽甘草各一两、每服一二钱、钱乙小儿直诀、加薄荷五钱。）疸
黄酒毒。肠风泻血。口噤牙痛。（齿下龈、属手阳明大肠经、张洁古珍珠囊曰∶秦艽能去下
牙痛、及本经风湿。）湿胜风淫之证。利大小便。（牛乳点服、兼治黄胆、烦渴便赤。）下部
虚
忌用。形作罗纹相交。长大黄白。左纹者良。菖蒲为使。畏牛乳
。（一切疮口不合、秦艽为末掺之、效。）
宣、发表和里、退热升阳、解郁调经。
苦微寒。味薄气升为阳。主阳气下陷。能引清气上行。而平少阳厥阴之邪热。（肝、胆、
心
包、三焦相火、时珍曰∶行少阳黄芩为佐、行厥阴黄连为佐、宣畅气血。散结调经。人第知
柴胡能发表、而不知柴胡最能和里。）为足少阳胆经表药。（胆为清净之腑、无出无入、其经
在半表半里、法当和解、小柴胡汤之类是也、若病在太阳、服之太早、则引贼入门、若病入
阴经、复服柴胡、则重虚其表、最宜详慎。）治伤寒邪热。痰热结实。心下烦热。诸疟寒热
。（东垣曰∶诸疟以柴胡为君、佐以引经之药、喻嘉言医门法律云∶疟发必有寒有热、盖外
邪伏于半表半里、适在少阳所主之界、入与阴争、阳胜则热、出与阳争、阴胜则寒、即纯热
无寒为瘅疟温疟、寒多热少为牝疟、要皆自少阳而造其极偏、补偏救弊、亦必还返少阳之界、
使
少阳而兼他经则有之、谓他经而不涉少阳、则不成其为疟矣、脉纵屡
迁、而弦之一字、实贯彻之也。）头眩呕吐。（邪在半表半里、则多呕吐。）目赤胸痞胁痛。
（凡胁病多是肝木有余、宜小柴胡汤加青皮川芎白芍。）口苦耳聋。（皆肝胆之邪。）热入血
室。
（冲为血海、即血室也、男女皆有之、柴胡在脏主血、在经主气。）胎前产后诸热。小儿痘
证
。能散十二经疮疽血凝气聚。功同连翘。（连翘治血热、柴胡治气热、为小异。）阴虚火炎气
升者。禁用。产江南古城山。名齐界面者佳。（定远县出者亦好。）外感生用。内伤升气
酒炒用。凡治中及下降用梢。有汗咳者。蜜水拌炒。前胡、半夏为使。恶皂角。按柴胡所用
甚
多。今药客入山收买。将白头翁、丹参、小前胡、远志苗等俱杂在内。谓之统柴胡。药肆中
俱切为饮片。其实真柴胡无几。须拣去别种。用净柴胡。苗、主治卒聋。捣汁频滴之。
银州柴胡（宣、治劳热。）治虚劳肌热。骨蒸劳疟。热从髓出。小儿五疳羸热。根
长尺余。微
白。
宣：发表和里，退热升阳，解郁调经。
苦微寒。味薄气升为阳。主阳气下陷。能引清气上行。而平少阳厥阴之邪热。（肝、胆、心包、三焦相火，时珍曰：行少阳黄芩为佐、行厥阴黄连为佐、宣畅气血。散结调经。人第知柴胡能发表、而不知柴胡最能和里。）为足少阳胆经表药。（胆为清净之腑、无出无入、其经在半表半里、法当和解、小柴胡汤之类是也、若病在太阳、服之太早、则引贼入门、若病入阴经、复服柴胡、则重虚其表、最宜详慎。）治伤寒邪热。痰热结实。心下烦热。诸疟寒热。（东垣曰：诸疟以柴胡为君、佐以引经之药、喻嘉言医门法律云：疟发必有寒有热、盖外邪伏于半表半里、适在少阳所主之界、入与阴争、阳胜则热、出与阳争、阴胜则寒、即纯热无寒为瘅疟温疟、寒多热少为牝疟、要皆自少阳而造其极偏、补偏救弊、亦必还返少阳之界、使少阳而兼他经则有之、谓他经而不涉少阳、则不成其为疟矣、脉纵屡迁、而弦之一字、实贯彻之也。）头眩呕吐。（邪在半表半里、则多呕吐。）目赤胸痞胁痛。（凡胁病多是肝木有余、宜小柴胡汤加青皮川芎白芍。）口苦耳聋。（皆肝胆之邪。）热入血室。（冲为血海、即血室也、男女皆有之、柴胡在脏主血、在经主气。）胎前产后诸热。小儿痘证。能散十二经疮疽血凝气聚。功同连翘。（连翘治血热、柴胡治气热、为小异。）阴虚火炎气升者。禁用。产江南古城山。名齐界面者佳。（定远县出者亦好。）外感生用。内伤升气酒炒用。凡治中及下降用梢。有汗咳者。蜜水拌炒。前胡、半夏为使。恶皂角。按柴胡所用甚多。今药客入山收买。将白头翁、丹参、小前胡、远志苗等俱杂在内。谓之统柴胡。药肆中俱切为饮片。其实真柴胡无几。须拣去别种。用净柴胡。苗、主治卒聋。捣汁频滴之。
Xuan: Release the exterior and harmonize the interior, reduce fever and raise yang, resolve depression and regulate menstruation.
Bitter, slightly cold. The flavor is thin and the qi ascends, constituting Yang. It primarily treats sinking of Yang Qi. It can guide clear Qi to ascend upward, thereby pacifying the pathogenic heat of Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) and Jueyin (Terminal Yin). (The Liver, Gallbladder, Pericardium, and Sanjiao (Triple Burner) ministerial fire; Shizhen said: When acting on Shaoyang, Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) serves as an assistant; when acting on Jueyin, Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) serves as an assistant; it promotes the free flow of Qi and Blood, dissipates nodules, and regulates menstruation. People only know that Chaihu can release the exterior, but do not know that Chaihu is best at harmonizing the interior.) It is a surface drug for the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. (The Gallbladder is a pure and clear organ, with no exit or entry; its meridian is located half-exterior and half-interior, so the method should be harmonization, such as in Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). If the disease is in Taiyang (Greater Yang), taking it too early will lead the thief into the house; if the disease has entered the Yin meridians, taking Chaihu again will severely deficiency the exterior; utmost caution is required.) It treats pathogenic heat from Cold Damage (Shanghan), phlegm-heat accumulation, vexing heat in the epigastrium, and various malaria chills and fever. (Dongyuan said: For all types of malaria, Chaihu serves as the sovereign drug, assisted by drugs that guide the action to the affected meridian. Yu Jiayan's Medical Laws stated: Malaria attacks must involve both chills and fever. This is because external pathogens lie hidden in the half-exterior, half-interior region, which falls within the domain governed by Shaoyang. When entering and fighting with Yin, Yang prevails causing fever; when exiting and fighting with Yang, Yin prevails causing chills. Pure heat without chills constitutes Dan Malaria (Febrile Malaria) or Wen Malaria (Warm Malaria); more chills than heat constitutes Pin Malaria (Yin Malaria). All these originate from Shaoyang reaching their extreme deviation. To correct this deviation and save the detriment, one must return to the boundary of Shaoyang. While Shaoyang may combine with other meridians, if other meridals are involved without touching Shaoyang, it cannot constitute malaria. Although the pulse may shift frequently, the character "Wiry" (Xian) truly permeates it all.) Dizziness and vomiting. (When pathogens are in the half-exterior, half-interior region, vomiting is common.) Red eyes, chest oppression, and hypochondriac pain. (Most hypochondriac diseases are due to excess Liver Wood; Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Qingpi (Aurantii Fructus), Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), and Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao) is suitable.) Bitter taste in the mouth and deafness. (All are pathogens of the Liver and Gallbladder.) Heat entering the Blood Chamber. (Chong is the Sea of Blood, also known as the Blood Chamber; both men and women possess it. Chaihu governs Blood in the Zang organs and Qi in the Jing meridians.) Various fevers before and after childbirth. Pediatric smallpox/rash conditions. It can dissipate blood stasis and Qi stagnation in carbuncles and sores across the twelve meridians. Its efficacy is similar to Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructum). (Lianqiao treats Blood heat, while Chaihu treats Qi heat, which is a slight difference.) Contraindicated for those with Yin deficiency and flaming fire with ascending Qi. Produced in Gucheng Mountain, Jiangnan. Those named Qijie are excellent. (Those produced in Dingyuan County are also good.) For external contraction, use raw. For internal injury to raise Qi, stir-fry with wine. For treating the Middle Jiao and descending actions, use the root tips. For those with sweating and cough, stir-fry mixed with honey water. Peucedani Radix (Qianhu) and Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) serve as guides. Averse to Gleditsiae Sinensis Fruit (Zaojiao). Note that Chaihu is used extensively. Currently, herb merchants enter the mountains to purchase it, mixing in Pulsatillae Radix (Baitouweng), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (Danshen), minor Peucedani Radix (Xiao Qianhu), and Polygalae Seedling (Yuanzhi Miao), etc., together. This is called Tong Chaihu (General Chaihu). In herbal shops, they are all sliced into decoction pieces. In reality, there are very few genuine Chaihu. One must select and remove other species, using pure Chaihu. The seedling primarily treats sudden deafness. Crush and extract juice, drip frequently.
Yinzhou Chaihu (Xuan, treats consumptive fever.) Treats consumptive muscle heat, bone-steaming consumptive malaria, heat emanating from the marrow, and pediatric five-type malnutrition with emaciation and fever. The root is over a chi long, slightly white.