泻暑热。
甘寒。（瓜性寒、暴之尤寒、稽含赋云∶瓜暴则寒、油煎则冷、物性之异也。）解暑除烦。
利
便醒酒。止渴清热。（洪忠宣松漠纪闻云∶有人苦目病、或令以西瓜皮切片曝干、日日服之
、遂愈、由其性冷降火故也。）多食。伤脾助湿。（暑证多湿者、大忌之、卫生歌云∶瓜桃生
冷宜少食、免致秋来成疟痢。）有寒湿者忌之。
和中润燥。
甘微寒。和中助脾。除热润燥。消痰止渴。解酒毒。利二便。治呕哕噎膈反胃。（和姜
汁服
。）大便燥结。（外台方、嚼咽或捣汁、治发热口干便涩。）胃寒呕吐。中满滑泻勿食。捣汁
。（虚耗咳嗽、口干涕唾、用蔗浆升半、青粱米四合、煮粥、日食二次、极润心肺。）
补、和中。
甘温。（蔗浆寒、经火煎炼成糖则温。）补脾缓肝。润肺和中。消痰治嗽。中满者勿服。
多食
助热。损齿生虫。凝结作饼块。如石者为石蜜。轻白如霜者为糖霜。坚白如冰者为冰糖。（食
韭口臭、沙糖汤解之。）
补、和中和血。
功用与白者相仿而稍逊。和血则紫者为优。（今产后服之、取血和而恶露自行也。）蔗浆
煎炼
至紫黑色。其性较白沙糖更温。生胃火。助湿热。损齿生虫。作汤下小儿丸散。误矣。（痘
不落痂、沙糖调新汲水一杯服、白汤调亦可。）以上 类。
（西瓜）能泻除暑热。
味甘、性寒。（西瓜性质属寒，暴晒后寒性更甚，《稽含赋》记载：瓜经暴晒则寒，用油煎炸则冷，这是物性的差异。）能解暑除烦。
通利小便，醒酒。止渴清热。（《洪忠宣松漠纪闻》记载：有人苦于眼病，有人让他将西瓜皮切片晒干，每天服用，于是痊愈，因为西瓜性冷降火的原因。）多食会损伤脾胃，助长湿气。（暑证中伴有湿邪者，大忌食用西瓜，《卫生歌》说：瓜果桃子生冷之物宜少食，以免导致秋天患上疟疾和痢疾。）有寒湿体质者忌食。
（甘蔗）能调和脾胃，滋润燥热。
味甘、微寒。能和中助脾。清除内热，滋润燥热。消除痰饮，止渴。解除酒毒。通利大小便。治疗呕吐、呃逆、噎膈、反胃。（配合姜汁服用。）大便干燥结滞。（《外台秘要》方：咀嚼吞咽或捣取汁液，治疗发热口干、排便涩滞。）胃寒呕吐、脘腹胀满、滑泄腹泻者勿食。捣取汁液。（虚损咳嗽、口干、鼻涕唾液粘稠，用蔗浆半升、青粱米四合，煮粥，每日吃两次，极能润养心肺。）
（白沙糖）能补益，调和脾胃。
味甘、性温。（蔗浆本寒，经过火炼熬成糖则变温。）补脾缓肝。润肺和中。消痰治嗽。脘腹胀满者勿服。
多食助热。损害牙齿，生虫。凝结成饼块状。像石头一样硬的是石蜜。轻白如霜的是糖霜。坚硬洁白如冰的是冰糖。（食用韭菜导致口臭，用沙糖水可以解之。）
（紫糖）能补益，调和脾胃，活血。
功效与白糖相仿但稍逊一筹。若要活血，则以紫色者为优。（现在产后服用它，取其能和血，使恶露自行排出。）蔗浆煎炼至紫黑色，其性质比白沙糖更温。易生胃火。助长湿热。损害牙齿，生虫。做成汤剂送服小儿丸散，是错误的做法。（痘疮不结痂，用沙糖调和新汲水一杯服用，用白开水调服也可以。）以上属于同类药物。
(Watermelon) can purge summer-heat.
Sweet and cold in nature. (The nature of the melon is cold; when exposed to the sun, it becomes extremely cold. *Ji Han Fu* states: "Melons become cold when dried in the sun, and cold when fried in oil; this is the difference in their inherent properties.") It resolves summer-heat and relieves irritability.
Promotes urination, awakens from intoxication. Stops thirst and clears heat. (*Hong Zhongxuan's Songmo Jiwén* records: "Someone suffered from eye disease. Someone advised him to slice watermelon rind, dry it in the sun, and take it daily. He was cured because its cold nature descends fire.") Excessive consumption damages the Spleen and aids dampness. (For summer-heat patterns accompanied by dampness, it is strictly contraindicated. *Weisheng Ge* says: "Raw and cold fruits like melons and peaches should be eaten sparingly to avoid contracting malaria and dysentery in autumn.") Those with cold-dampness must avoid it.
(Sugarcane) harmonizes the Middle Jiao and moistens dryness.
Sweet and slightly cold. Harmonizes the Middle and assists the Spleen. Clears heat and moistens dryness. Resolves phlegm and stops thirst. Relieves alcohol toxicity. Promotes urination and defecation. Treats vomiting, hiccups, dysphagia, and regurgitation. (Take with ginger juice.) Dry stool constipation. (*Waitai Fang*: Chew and swallow or crush for juice to treat fever, dry mouth, and difficult urination/defecation.) Those with Spleen-Stomach cold causing vomiting, abdominal fullness, or loose stools should not eat it. Crush for juice. (For deficiency-type coughing, dry mouth, and thick nasal/salivary secretions, use sugarcane syrup half sheng and green millet rice four he, cook into porridge, eat twice a day; it greatly moistens the Lung and Heart.)
(White Sugar) tonifies and harmonizes.
Sweet and warm. (Sugarcane syrup is cold, but after being refined over fire into sugar, it becomes warm.) Tonifies the Spleen and moderates the Liver. Moistens the Lungs and harmonizes the Middle Jiao. Resolves phlegm and treats cough. Those with abdominal fullness should not take it.
Excessive consumption aids heat. Damages teeth and promotes worm generation. Condenses into cake-like blocks. Hard as stone is called *Shimi* (rock sugar). Light and white as frost is called *Tangshuang* (frost sugar). Hard and white as ice is called *Bingtang* (crystal sugar). (Bad breath from eating leeks can be resolved with sugar water.)
(Purple Sugar) tonifies, harmonizes the Middle Jiao, and invigorates blood.
Its functions are similar to white sugar but slightly inferior. For invigorating blood, purple is superior. (Currently used postpartum to harmonize blood so that lochia discharges naturally.) Sugarcane syrup refined to a purple-black color has a nature warmer than white sugar. It generates stomach fire, aids damp-heat, damages teeth, and promotes worm generation. Making it into a decoction to administer pediatric pills and powders is erroneous. (For measles/rubella lesions that do not scab, mix rock sugar with one cup of fresh drawn water to drink; white water may also be used.) The above belong to the same category.