\r白附子\pq64a.bmp\r
入阳明治头面之邪风。辛甘而苦。性燥毒治胃家之寒湿。温散而升。（白附子辛甘
而温。有小毒。不若川附之刚猛。虽性味相同。而主治各异。其形似天雄而长。晒干则有节
。入阳明经。治风痰。燥寒湿。其功长于上焦。故能治头面之游风。非若川附之能达下焦。
亦不及南星之散坚消肿。善行疾走。可入肝脾耳。）
痈毒能消。味苦寒而散结。热瘀可化。杀虫积以通肝。（蚤休苦寒有毒。其苗一茎直
上。每层七叶。至顶而花。根如菖蒲之根。入肝经。凉血散瘀。故能消痈杀虫毒。至其能治
惊痰等证。大抵亦因郁热而然耳。）
\r大黄\pq64.bmp\r
沉降下行。苦寒有毒。通肠涤胃。泻实热之稽留。破积行瘀。荡诸邪之闭结。制炒偏
通于小便。分消善导乎州都。（大黄苦寒沉降。气味俱浓。入脾胃大肠血分。能荡涤瘀留结
热之实邪。长驱直下。破坚积。除症瘕。若寒滞积结。有温下之法。虚人挟积。有补泻并行
之法。故温药补药。皆可相辅而行。相机而用。若经酒制蒸炒。则专行小肠膀胱。治湿热癃
闭等证。故生熟异用耳。）
\r商陆\pq65a1.bmp\r
苦辛有毒。入脾胃逐水通肠。沉降偏寒。疏脏腑散坚消肿。（商陆味苦辛寒。沉阴有
毒。入脾胃大肠。泻水消肿。其毒烈之性。与大戟甘遂相同。但可治阳水实邪。若脾肾虚寒
而属阴水者。不宜用之。有赤白二种。白走气。赤走血。泻水虽同。惟赤者可外敷痈肿耳。）
进入阳明经，治疗头面部的邪风。气味辛、甘而带苦。药性燥烈且有毒，用于治疗胃腑的寒湿之邪。具有温散和升提的作用。（白附子气味辛、甘而温，有小毒。不像川附子那样刚猛猛烈。虽然药性和味道相同，但主治功效各异。它的形状像天雄且较长，晒干后会有节。入阳明经，治疗风痰，燥化寒湿。其功效主要在上焦，所以能治疗头面部的游风（游走不定的风邪）。不像川附子能到达下焦，也不及南星那样能消散坚结、消除肿胀。它善于行走且速度快，可以进入肝经和脾经。）
能消除痈毒。气味苦、寒而能消散结聚。热瘀可以化解。杀虫积以疏通肝经。（蚤休气味苦、寒，有毒。它的茎一杆直上，每层七片叶子，顶端开花，根部像菖蒲的根。入肝经，凉血散瘀，所以能消除痈毒和虫毒。至于它能治疗惊痰等证候，大抵也是因为郁热所致。）
性质沉降下行。气味苦、寒，有毒。通畅肠道，涤荡胃腑，泻除实热的稽留。破除积滞，运行瘀血，荡涤各种邪气的闭结。经过炮制炒制后，偏于通利小便，善于分消并引导至州都（膀胱）。（大黄气味苦、寒，性质沉降，气味都很浓厚。入脾胃和大肠的血分，能荡涤瘀留、结聚、热性的实邪，长驱直下，破除坚硬的积滞，去除症瘕。如果是寒滞积结，有温下的方法；体虚之人夹杂积滞，有补泻并行的方法。所以温药和补药，都可以相辅而行，根据时机使用。如果经过酒制、蒸制或炒制，则专门行于小肠和膀胱，治疗湿热导致的癃闭等证候。所以生用和熟用的功效不同。）
气味苦、辛，有毒。入脾胃，逐水饮，通畅肠道。性质沉降偏寒，疏理脏腑，消散坚结，消除肿胀。（商陆气味苦、辛、寒，沉阴且有剧毒。入脾胃和大肠，泻水消肿。其毒性猛烈程度与大戟、甘遂相同。但只能治疗阳水实证。如果是脾肾虚寒导致的阴水，不宜使用。有赤、白两种，白色走气分，红色走血分。泻水作用虽然相同，只有红色的可以外敷治疗痈肿。）
Bai Fu Zi (Typhonii Rhizoma)
Enters the Yangming channel to treat pathogenic wind in the head and face. Pungent, sweet, and bitter in flavor. The nature is drying and toxic; it treats cold-dampness in the Stomach organ. It has warming, dispersing, and ascending properties. (Bai Fu Zi is pungent, sweet, and warm, with slight toxicity. Unlike Chuan Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), it is not as acrid and fierce. Although its flavor and nature are similar, its therapeutic indications differ. Its shape resembles Tian Xiong (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and is elongated; when dried, it has nodes. It enters the Yangming channel to treat wind-phlegm and dry out cold-dampness. Its efficacy is primarily located in the Upper Jiao, thus it can treat wandering wind (You Feng) in the head and face. Unlike Chuan Fu Zi, which can reach the Lower Jiao, it is less effective than Nan Xing (Arisaematis Rhizoma) in dissipating hardness and reducing swelling. It moves swiftly and can enter the Liver and Spleen channels.)
Zao Xiu (Paris Polyphylla)
Can eliminate carbuncles and toxins. Bitter and cold in flavor, it dissipates nodules. Heat and blood stasis can be resolved. It eliminates insect accumulations and unblocks the Liver channel. (Zao Xiu is bitter, cold, and toxic. Its stem grows straight up, with seven leaves per layer, flowering at the apex. The root resembles that of Chang Pu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma). It enters the Liver channel, cools the blood, and dissipates stasis, thereby eliminating carbuncles and insect toxins. Regarding its ability to treat conditions such as fright-phlegm, this is largely due to resolving stagnant heat.)
Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma)
Sinking and descending in nature. Bitter and cold, with toxicity. It unblocks the intestines and purges the stomach, draining the retention of excess heat. It breaks down accumulations and promotes blood circulation, sweeping away the closure and knotting of various pathogens. When processed by stir-frying, it tends to promote urination, effectively distributing fluids and guiding them to the Zhou Du (Bladder). (Da Huang is bitter and cold, with a sinking nature. Its aroma and flavor are both strong. It enters the Blood aspect of the Spleen, Stomach, and Large Intestine. It can purge excess pathogens characterized by retained stasis, knotting, and heat, driving them downward directly. It breaks hard accumulations and removes masses (Zheng Jia). For cold-stagnation accumulations, there is a method of warming and purging; for deficient individuals with accumulations, there is a method of tonifying and purging simultaneously. Thus, warming and tonifying herbs can complement each other and be used according to circumstances. If processed with wine, steamed, or stir-fried, it specifically acts on the Small Intestine and Bladder to treat conditions such as strangury caused by damp-heat. Hence, raw and cooked forms have different uses.)
Shang Lu (Phytolaccae Radix)
Bitter and pungent, with toxicity. Enters the Spleen and Stomach to expel water and unblock the intestines. Sinking and predominantly cold in nature. It regulates the Zang-Fu organs, dissipates hardness, and reduces swelling. (Shang Lu is bitter, pungent, and cold, with a yin-sinking nature and high toxicity. It enters the Spleen, Stomach, and Large Intestine to drain water and reduce swelling. Its intense toxicity is similar to that of Da Ji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix) and Gan Sui (Kansui Radix). However, it is only suitable for treating Yang-water excess patterns. It should not be used for Yin-water conditions caused by Spleen and Kidney deficiency-cold. There are two types: red and white. White Shang Lu acts on the Qi level, while red Shang Lu acts on the Blood level. Although both expel water, only the red variety can be applied externally to treat carbuncles and swellings.)