甘寒导浊。阴阳易假以分消。咸苦行瘀。鼠屎汤可疗瘕疝。消乳痈而退翳。入少阴
与厥阴。（雄鼠屎甘苦咸寒无毒。入肝肾二经。功专导浊行滞。凡以上所主之病。皆由肝肾
瘀滞而成。消之导之。其病自已。两头尖者为雄。雄者良。）
\r刺 皮\pq142.bmp\r
味苦气平疏胃逆。宽肠疗痔散瘀邪。（刺 皮处处有之。即俗所谓偷瓜 。其皮如
毫猪有刺。人近之则藏头足于内。能刺人。苦平无毒。入胃与大肠血分。能疏胃中逆气瘀滞
。治肠中痔漏下血。考其功不过逐瘀滞。除漏管为最。平胃逆次之。如是而已。）
活血祛伤。酒服可行可散。续筋接骨。咸温能走能和。（山羊血甘咸温。入心肝血
分。凡折伤瘀留为患者。用此行之散之。无所不到。血液之属。较草木之功为胜耳。）
润五脏。利二肠。诸药炙之能入骨。宣风痹。达经络。性平无毒味纯甘。（酥油即牛
羊乳所结之面油也。甘平润泽。乃血液之属。凡脏腑经络。皆能渗灌润泽。故能宣风痹。除
热邪。故鳖甲龟板虎骨之类。用酥涂炙者。取其易脆而渗入骨髓耳。）
（李时珍曰。鳞介者。五虫之各为其一也。有水陆之分。具良毒之性。鳞属皆卵生。而
蝮蛇胎产。水属皆不瞑。而河豚目眨。月令伐蛟取鼍。登龟取鼋。命渔师毋失其时。周礼春
献鳖蜃。秋献龟鱼。付醢人以供祭祀。然则鳞介之物。亦圣世供馔之所不废者也。而况又可
充药品乎。）
甘寒之性可引导浊邪下行。阴阳易病（伤寒大病初愈，因房事复感邪气所致）借此法以分消病势。咸苦之性能行血化瘀，鼠屎汤可用于治疗瘕疝（腹中结块及睾丸肿痛等症）。能消除乳痈（乳房急性化脓性疾病），退除目翳（角膜云翳）。入少阴经与厥阴经。（雄鼠屎味甘、苦、咸，性寒，无毒。归肝、肾二经。功效专于导泄浊邪、行气滞。凡是上述所主治的疾病，都是由肝肾瘀滞所致。通过消散和疏导，疾病自然痊愈。两头尖的是雄鼠屎，雄性的药效更好。）
刺皮味苦，气平，能疏理胃气上逆。宽畅肠道，治疗痔疮，散除瘀邪。（刺皮到处都有，就是俗称的“偷瓜”植物的皮。它的皮像豪猪一样有刺，人靠近时，它会将头足藏于内部，能刺伤人。味苦，性平，无毒。入胃经和大肠经的血分。能疏解胃中的逆气瘀滞。治疗肠中的痔漏下血。考察其功效，不过是驱逐瘀滞，其中去除漏管最为擅长，平抑胃气上逆次之。如此而已。）
活血祛瘀，治疗外伤。用酒送服，可使瘀血运行消散。续接筋骨，咸温之性能通行并能调和。（山羊血味甘、咸，性温。入心、肝二经的血分。凡是骨折损伤、瘀血留滞为患者，使用此药行之散之，无处不到。属于血液类的药材，比草木类药材的功效更为显著。）
滋润五脏，通利大小肠。各种药物用酥油炙烤后能入骨。宣散风痹，通达经络，性平，无毒，味道纯正甘甜。（酥油即牛羊乳凝结而成的面油。味甘、平，质地润泽，属于血液类的物质。凡脏腑经络，都能渗透灌溉滋润。所以能宣散风痹，清除热邪。因此像鳖甲、龟板、虎骨这类药材，用酥油涂抹后炙烤，是取其变得易脆且容易渗入骨髓的缘故。）
（李时珍说：鳞介类动物，是五虫中各自独立的一类。有水陆之分，具有良毒不同的性质。鳞类大多卵生，而蝮蛇是胎生。水属动物大多不闭眼，而河豚的眼睛会眨动。《月令》记载砍伐蛟龙、捕捉鼍龙，采集乌龟、大鳖，命令渔师不要错失时节。《周礼》记载春天进献鳖和蜃，秋天进献龟和鱼，交给醢人制作肉酱以供祭祀。既然这样，那么鳞介类动物，也是圣明时代供饮食所不废弃的。更何况还可以作为药品呢？）
Sweet and cold in nature, it guides turbid pathogens downward. For *Yin Yang Yi* (a condition occurring after recovery from a febrile disease due to sexual intercourse), this method helps to dissipate the pathogenic factors. Salty and bitter properties promote blood circulation and resolve stasis; *Shushi Tang* (Mouse Dropping Decoction) can treat *Jia Shan* (abdominal masses and hernial disorders). It eliminates breast abscesses and clears corneal opacities. It enters the Shaoyin and Jueyin meridians. (Male mouse droppings are sweet, bitter, and salty, cold in nature, non-toxic. They enter the Liver and Kidney meridians. Their function is specifically to guide out turbidity and move stagnation. All diseases mentioned above are caused by Liver and Kidney stasis. By resolving and guiding them out, the diseases heal themselves. Those with pointed ends at both sides are male; males are superior in efficacy.)
*Cipi* (Bark of *Cucumis melo*) has a bitter taste and neutral qi, capable of dispersing rebellious Stomach qi. It widens the intestines, treats hemorrhoids, and scatters pathogenic stasis. (*Cipi* is found everywhere, commonly known as the bark of the "melon thief" plant. Its skin is like that of a porcupine with spines; when approached by humans, it hides its head and feet inside and can prick people. Bitter and neutral, non-toxic. It enters the Blood aspect of the Stomach and Large Intestine meridians. It can disperse rebellious qi and stasis in the Stomach. It treats hemorrhoidal fistulas and bleeding in the intestines. Examining its efficacy, it merely drives out stasis; removing fistulous tracts is its strongest effect, while calming rebellious Stomach qi is secondary. That is all.)
Invigorates blood and dispels trauma. Taken with wine, it promotes movement and dispersion. Heals tendons and connects bones; salty and warm properties allow for free flow and harmonization. (Goat blood is sweet, salty, and warm. It enters the Blood aspect of the Heart and Liver meridians. For any cases of fractures, injuries, or lingering blood stasis, using this substance to move and disperse it reaches everywhere. Substances derived from blood are more potent than those derived from herbs and trees.)
Moistens the Five Viscera, benefits the Small and Large Intestines. When various medicines are roasted with butter, they can penetrate into the bones. Disperses wind-bi, reaches the collaterals; nature is neutral, non-toxic, taste purely sweet. (Butter is the cream formed from cow or sheep milk. Sweet and neutral, moistening and lubricating, it belongs to the category of blood substances. It can permeate, irrigate, and moisten all viscera and collaterals. Therefore, it can disperse wind-bi and eliminate heat pathogens. Thus, for materials such as Turtle Shell, Carapax Testudinis, and Tiger Bone, applying butter before roasting takes advantage of their becoming brittle and easily penetrating into the bone marrow.)
(Li Shizhen said: Scales and shells refer to distinct categories among the five insects/creatures. There are distinctions between aquatic and terrestrial types, possessing natures ranging from beneficial to toxic. Scale-covered creatures mostly lay eggs, whereas pit vipers give birth to live young. Aquatic creatures mostly do not close their eyes, whereas pufferfish blink. The *Monthly Ordinances* record cutting dragons and taking alligators, collecting turtles and soft-shelled turtles, instructing fishermen not to miss the proper seasons. The *Rites of Zhou* records presenting clams and giant clams in spring, and turtles and fish in autumn, handing them over to the *Hai Ren* (official in charge of minced meat) to prepare sacrificial offerings. Since then, scale and shell creatures have never been excluded from the diet of a sage era. Moreover, how much more so can they serve as medicinal materials?)