春雨宜男。秋霜肃肺。雪能凉肺消痈毒。腊雪则专杀诸虫。露还解暑退阳邪。花露则尤
能润
肺。潦水乃轻清味薄。能除湿热瘅黄。逆流则涌吐功多。可治风痰喉闭。甘澜水扬之万遍。
不助肾邪。顺流水势善下趋。可疗腹疾。井泉新汲。煎之清热养阴。地坎为浆。服则除烦解
毒。阿井水疏痰利膈。麻沸汤通络行经。至若水有阴阳。配宜生熟。可使调和霍乱。通利三
焦。（春雨得春生升发之气。有滋水生肝发育万物之意。○秋霜得秋金肃杀之气。故能入肺
以行其清肃之令。凡皮毛疮痱肌热面赤等证。属肺火者。皆可用之。○雪得天地阴凝之气。
较霜为盛。其色白。其质轻。故亦能入肺。其大寒之性。可清脏腑一切毒火。丹石诸疮。然
须腊雪为佳。冬至后第三戊为腊。最能杀虫。故凡腊中有雪。则明年菜麦田禾。皆无虫蝗之
患。○露夏末秋初阴气之液也。
能滋养万物。悦泽容颜。其解暑者。以白露降则炎暑退也。故凡治疟药煎成露一宿者。亦是
解退伏暑之意。至于百花上露。虽有润肺之功。然花有优劣之不同。尤宜审慎。
○潦水道上无源之水也。时珍曰。即降注雨水。又淫雨为潦。大抵即天泉水灌注道涂者也。
仲景治伤寒瘀热在里。身必发黄。用麻黄连翘赤小豆汤。煎用潦水。解者皆谓潦水轻清味薄
。不助湿邪。然既谓淫雨灌注道上无源之水。则秽浊之物。岂可用以治病。或者潦水别有一
种。否则潦水即劳水。音同字异。传写之误。○
逆流水。凡水之性皆望东流。自上下趋为顺。逆流者系河道曲折之处。水不能直行向东。必
回环逆西。即谓之逆流水。煎吐药最宜。
○甘澜水一名劳水。用长流水二斗。置大盆中。以杓扬之万遍。有沸珠相逐。取其清者煎药
。盖水性本咸而质重。劳之则甘而且轻。可以不助水邪而益脾胃也。故内经治不寐。仲景治
奔豚。皆用之。○顺流水即东流水。取其顺趋于下。故能导胸腹之疾。直趋于下也。急流水
即
山涧中峻急直下之水。凡一切下焦腰足风痹等疾。及兼通二便之药。皆可用之。○新汲水即
平日所汲之水。取静顺沉潜之气凝而未动。极清极净。其甘寒之性。故能养阴清热。夫水之
为物。其质虽同。其性各异。不特江湖河海之水为然。即井水亦宜分别美恶。大抵以高洁者
为上。卑污处为下耳。
○地浆掘黄土地为坎。深三尺。以新汲水沃之。搅浑澄清服之。专解一切热毒。鱼菌果菜等
毒。以及仓卒中暑热闷诸证。皆可服之。亦土能化毒。寒能除热耳。○阿井水。此井在山东
阳谷县。为济水之源。其水味甘咸。性平。且性极趋下。清而且重。用搅浊水。则清一切浊
腻之物。投之极易下坠。故煎胶有疏痰利膈之功也。
○麻沸汤。即百沸汤。可以行经络。助阳气。宣风痹。仲景大黄黄连泻心汤。与附子泻心汤
二方。皆用麻沸汤浸汁绞服。亦取上下宣行之意。取药力之神速耳。○阴阳水即生熟水。其
法以新汲水百沸汤各半相合服之。能分利阴阳。升降清浊。宜煎一切霍乱之药。）
春雨具有滋养肝木、促进万物生发的特性。秋霜具有肃降肺气的作用。雪能够清泄肺热、消除痈肿毒邪，而腊月所下的雪则专门用于杀灭各种虫类。露水可以解除暑热、退却阳邪；花露则尤其擅长滋润肺部。潦水（无源之水）性质轻清、味道淡薄，能够清除湿热引起的黄疸病证。逆流之水涌吐功效显著，可用于治疗风痰导致的喉部闭塞。甘澜水（劳水）经过反复扬动上万遍，不会助长肾中水邪；顺流水势善于向下趋行，可以治疗腹部疾病。新汲取的井泉水，煎煮药物可清热养阴。地浆（掘黄土坑注入新水搅浑澄清后的液体），服用后可除烦解毒。阿井水能够疏通痰浊、利膈宽胸。麻沸汤（滚开的热水）能够通行经络、运行经气。至于水的阴阳属性，配伍宜用生水或熟水，可以使霍乱得到调和，通利三焦。（春雨得春生升发之气，有滋水生肝发育万物之意。○秋霜得秋金肃杀之气，故能入肺以行其清肃之令。凡皮毛疮痱肌热面赤等证，属肺火者，皆可用之。○雪得天地阴凝之气，较霜为盛，其色白，其质轻，故亦能入肺。其大寒之性，可清脏腑一切毒火、丹石诸疮。然须腊雪为佳，冬至后第三戊为腊，最能杀虫，故凡腊中有雪，则明年菜麦田禾，皆无虫蝗之患。○露乃夏末秋初阴气之液也，能滋养万物，悦泽容颜。其解暑者，以白露降则炎暑退也，故凡治疟药煎成露一宿者，亦是解退伏暑之意。至于百花上露，虽有润肺之功，然花有优劣之不同，尤宜审慎。○潦水是道上无源之水也。时珍曰：即降注雨水，又淫雨为潦，大抵即天泉水灌注道涂者也。仲景治伤寒瘀热在里，身必发黄，用麻黄连翘赤小豆汤，煎用潦水。解者皆谓潦水轻清味薄，不助湿邪。然既谓淫雨灌注道上无源之水，则秽浊之物，岂可用以治病？或者潦水别有一种，否则潦水即劳水，音同字异，传写之误。○逆流水，凡水之性皆望东流，自上下趋为顺。逆流者系河道曲折之处，水不能直行向东，必回环逆西，即谓之逆流水，煎吐药最宜。○甘澜水一名劳水，用长流水二斗，置大盆中，以杓扬之万遍，有沸珠相逐，取其清者煎药。盖水性本咸而质重，劳之则甘而且轻，可以不助水邪而益脾胃也。故内经治不寐，仲景治奔豚，皆用之。○顺流水即东流水，取其顺趋于下，故能导胸腹之疾直趋于下也。急流水即山涧中峻急直下之水，凡一切下焦腰足风痹等疾，及兼通二便之药，皆可用之。○新汲水即平日所汲之水，取静顺沉潜之气凝而未动，极清极净，其甘寒之性，故能养阴清热。夫水之为物，其质虽同，其性各异，不特江湖河海之水为然，即井水亦宜分别美恶，大抵以高洁者为上，卑污处为下耳。○地浆掘黄土地为坎，深三尺，以新汲水沃之，搅浑澄清服之，专解一切热毒、鱼菌果菜等毒，以及仓卒中暑热闷诸证，皆可服之，亦土能化毒，寒能除热耳。○阿井水，此井在山东阳谷县，为济水之源，其水味甘咸，性平，且性极趋下，清而且重，用搅浊水，则清一切浊腻之物，投之极易下坠，故煎胶有疏痰利膈之功也。○麻沸汤，即百沸汤，可以行经络，助阳气，宣风痹。仲景大黄黄连泻心汤与附子泻心汤二方，皆用麻沸汤浸汁绞服，亦取上下宣行之意，取药力之神速耳。○阴阳水即生熟水，其法以新汲水百沸汤各半相合服之，能分利阴阳，升降清浊，宜煎一切霍乱之药。）
Spring rain is suitable for nourishing the male (liver/wood). Autumn frost肃 (clears and descends) the lungs. Snow can cool the lungs and eliminate toxin-induced sores; snow from the twelfth lunar month specifically kills various insects. Dew resolves summerheat and retreats yang pathogens; flower dew especially moistens the lungs. Rao water (rainwater collected from roads without a source) is light, clear, and bland in flavor, capable of eliminating damp-heat jaundice. Counter-current water has significant vomiting effects and can treat wind-phlegm throat obstruction. Ganlan water (labor water), stirred ten thousand times, does not assist kidney pathogens; smooth-flowing water tends downward, treating abdominal diseases. Newly drawn well spring water, when used to decoct herbs, clears heat and nourishes yin. Earth slurry (made by digging a pit in yellow earth, filling with fresh water, stirring, and letting settle), taken orally, relieves irritability and detoxifies. A-well water disperses phlegm and benefits the diaphragm. Mafei tang (boiling water) unblocks collaterals and promotes meridian circulation. Regarding the yin and yang properties of water, appropriate use of raw or cooked water can harmonize cholera and unblock the Sanjiao. (Spring rain obtains the qi of spring generation and rising, implying the nourishment of liver wood and development of all things. ○ Autumn frost obtains the autumn metal肃 (killing/clearing) qi, thus entering the lung to execute its clearing and descending command. All conditions such as skin sores, prickly heat, muscle heat, and facial redness belonging to lung fire can utilize it. ○ Snow obtains the yin condensing qi of heaven and earth, stronger than frost, white in color and light in texture, thus also entering the lung. Its great cold nature clears all toxic fires in zang-fu organs and various mineral-induced sores. However, twelfth-month snow is best; the third Wu day after Winter Solstice is La (twelfth month), which is most effective at killing insects. Thus, if there is snow during La, next year's crops will be free from insect plagues. ○ Dew is the liquid of yin qi at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, nourishing all things and beautifying the complexion. Its ability to resolve summerheat comes from the fact that when White Dew falls, intense summerheat retreats. Therefore, malaria medicines left exposed to dew overnight aim to resolve latent summerheat. As for dew on hundred flowers, although it moistens the lungs, one must be cautious due to varying quality of flowers. ○ Rao water is sourceless water on roads. Shizhen said: it is falling rain, or excessive rain causing flooding, generally spring water pouring onto roads. Zhang Zhongjing treated shanghan with stagnant heat inside causing yellowing of the body using Mahuang Lianqiao Chi Xiao Dou Tang, decocted with Rao water. Commentators say Rao water is light, clear, and bland, not assisting damp pathogens. But since it is described as polluted rainwater on roads, how can it be used for treatment? Perhaps there is another type of Rao water, or else Rao water is actually Lao water, homophonic error in transcription. ○ Counter-current water: water naturally flows east, descending is smooth. Counter-current refers to winding river sections where water cannot flow straight east but loops westward, ideal for decocting emetics. ○ Ganlan water, also called Lao water, uses two dou of long-flowing water placed in a large basin, stirred ten thousand times with a ladle until boiling pearls chase each other; take the clear part for decoction. Water nature is originally salty and heavy; laboring makes it sweet and light, not assisting water pathogens but benefiting spleen and stomach. Thus, Neijing uses it for insomnia, Zhang Zhongjing for Ben tun (fleeing tumor), both employing it. ○ Smooth-flowing water is east-flowing water, taking advantage of its downward tendency to guide chest and abdominal diseases downward. Rapid-flowing water is steep mountain stream water flowing directly down, usable for lower jiao waist and foot wind-bi conditions, and herbs promoting bowel/bladder movement. ○ Xinji water is daily drawn water, possessing quiet, smooth, sinking, and hidden qi, condensed yet unmoving, extremely clear and pure, with sweet-cold nature, thus nourishing yin and clearing heat. Water as an object has same substance but different natures, not just rivers and seas, but well waters also vary in quality, generally high and clean ones are superior, low and dirty ones inferior. ○ Earth slurry digs a three-foot deep pit in yellow earth, pours fresh water, stirs until muddy then settles, taken orally, specifically resolving all heat toxins, fish/mushroom/fruit/vegetable poisons, and sudden heatstroke symptoms, relying on earth transforming toxins and cold removing heat. ○ A-well water, located in Yanggu County, Shandong, source of Ji River, tastes sweet and salty, neutral nature, extremely descending, clear and heavy, used to stir turbid water, clearing all greasy turbid substances, easily sinking, thus decocting gelatin has phlegm-dispersing and diaphragm-benefiting effects. ○ Mafei tang, i.e., hundred-boil water, can move meridians, assist yang qi, disperse wind-bi. Zhang Zhongjing's Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Tang and Fuzi Xiexin Tang both use Mafei tang to soak juice and squeeze for administration, aiming for upper-lower dissemination and rapid drug action. ○ Yin-yang water is raw-cooked water, method mixes equal parts fresh drawn water and boiling water, dividing and benefiting yin-yang, ascending-clearing and descending-turbid, suitable for decocting all cholera medicines.)