无毒
扶桑叶及花主痈疽腮肿取叶或花同白芙蓉叶牛蒡叶白蜜研膏敷之即散（本草纲目）【名】
佛桑 朱槿 赤槿 日及（李时珍曰）东海日出处有扶桑树此花光艳照日其叶似桑因以比之
后
人讹为佛桑乃木槿别种故日及诸名亦与之同【地】（李时珍曰）扶桑产南方【质】扶桑乃木
槿
别种枝柯柔软叶深绿微涩如桑其花有红黄白三色红者尤贵呼为朱槿（嵇含草木状云）朱槿一
名
赤槿一名日及出南凉郡花茎叶皆如桑其叶光而浓木高四五尺而枝叶婆娑其花深红色五出大如
蜀葵重敷柔泽有蕊一条长如花叶上缀金屑日光所烁疑若焰生一丛之上日开数百朵朝开暮落插
树乃活【时】自五月开花始至中冬乃歇【色】红白黄三色【味】甘【性】平
无毒
木芙蓉叶并花主清肺凉血散热解毒治一切大小痈疽肿毒恶疮消肿排脓止痛（本草纲目）
【名】地芙蓉 木莲 华木 木 拒霜（李时珍曰）此花艳如荷花故有芙蓉木莲之名又名
拒
霜俗呼为 皮树（相如赋）谓之华木注云皮可为索也（苏东坡诗云）唤作拒霜犹未称看来却
是最
宜霜（苏颂图经）本草有地芙蓉云出鼎州九月采叶治疮肿盖即此物也【地】（李时珍曰）木
芙蓉
处处有之【质】插条即生小木也其干丛生如荆高者丈许其叶大如桐有五尖及七尖者花类牡丹
芍药有千叶者最耐寒而不落不结实山人取其皮为索川广有添色据霜花初开白色次日稍红又明
日则深红先后相间如数色【时】霜时采花霜后采叶【收】阴干入药【色】红白黄三色【用】
（李时珍曰）芙蓉花并叶气平而不寒不热味微辛而性滑涎粘其治痈肿之功殊有神效近时疡医
秘
其名为清凉膏清露散铁箍散皆此物也其方治一切痈疽发背乳痈恶疮不拘已成未成已穿未穿并
用芙蓉叶或根皮或花或生研或干研末以蜜调涂于肿处四围中间留头干则频换初起者即觉清凉
痛止肿消已成者即脓聚毒出已穿者即脓出易敛妙不可言或加生赤小豆末尤妙【味】微辛【性】
平
无毒。
扶桑叶及花主治痈疽、腮部肿胀。取扶桑叶或扶桑花，与白芙蓉叶、牛蒡叶（Arctii Fructus, 牛蒡子之叶）、白蜜共同研磨成膏，外敷患处，即可消散。（引自《本草纲目》）
【名称】佛桑、朱槿、赤槿、日及。（李时珍说：东海日出之处有扶桑树，此花光彩艳丽照耀太阳，其叶子像桑叶，因此以此相比拟。后人讹传为“佛桑”，实则是木槿的另一个品种，所以“日及”等名称也与它相同。）
【产地】（李时珍说：扶桑产于南方。）
【质地形态】扶桑是木槿的别种，枝干柔软，叶子深绿色，微涩，形状像桑叶。其花有红、黄、白三种颜色，红色的尤其珍贵，称为朱槿。（嵇含《草木状》记载：朱槿又名赤槿，又名日及，出自南凉郡，花、茎、叶都像桑叶。它的叶子光亮而浓密，树木高四五尺，枝叶婆娑。花朵深红色，五瓣，大小如蜀葵，重瓣，质地柔润，有一根长蕊，如同花叶上点缀着金屑，阳光照射下，仿佛火焰生成。一丛之上，每天开放数百朵，早晨开放晚上凋落，插在树上就能成活。）
【时令】从五月开花开始，直到仲冬才停止。
【颜色】红、白、黄三色。
【味道】甘。
【性质】平。
无毒。
木芙蓉叶和花主治清肺、凉血、散热、解毒，治疗一切大小痈疽、肿毒、恶疮，能消肿、排脓、止痛。（引自《本草纲目》）
【名称】地芙蓉、木莲、华木、木芙蓉、拒霜。（李时珍说：此花艳丽如荷花，所以有芙蓉、木莲的名称；又名拒霜，俗称为“皮树”。司马相如在赋中称之为“华木”，注解说树皮可以制作绳索。苏东坡诗云：“唤作拒霜犹未称，看来却是最宜霜。”苏颂《图经本草》记载：本草中有“地芙蓉”，说出自鼎州，九月采集叶子治疗疮肿，大概就是这个东西。）
【产地】（李时珍说：木芙蓉到处都有生长。）
【质地形态】扦插枝条即可生根，是小灌木。其主干丛生，像荆棘一样，高的有一丈多。叶子大如梧桐，有五尖或七尖的。花朵类似牡丹、芍药，有千叶的品种。最耐寒而不落叶，不结果实。山人取其皮制作绳索。川广地区有一种“添色拒霜花”，初开时为白色，第二天稍变红，第三天则变为深红，先后相间，呈现多种颜色。
【时令】霜降时采集花朵，霜后采集叶子。
【采收加工】阴干后入药。
【颜色】红、白、黄三色。
【应用】（李时珍说：芙蓉花和叶，气平而不寒不热，味微辛而性滑，唾液粘腻。它治疗痈肿的功效特别有神效。近世外科医生秘密将其命名为清凉膏、清露散、铁箍散，都是指这个物品。其方剂治疗一切痈疽、发背、乳痈、恶疮，不论是否已成脓、是否已溃破，均使用芙蓉叶或根皮或花，或生研，或干研成末，用蜂蜜调匀涂于肿胀处四周，中间留出顶部。干燥则频繁更换。初起者即感觉清凉，疼痛停止，肿胀消退；已成脓者即脓液聚集，毒邪排出；已溃破者即脓液流出，容易收敛，妙不可言。或者加入生赤小豆末，效果更佳。）
【味道】微辛。
【性质】平。
Non-toxic.
The leaves and flowers of *Hibiscus mutabilis* (Fusang) are indicated for carbuncles, sores, and mumps. The leaves or flowers are taken together with the leaves of *Hibiscus mutabilis* (Bai Furong), *Arctii Fructus* (Niubang Ye), and white honey, ground into a paste, and applied externally to dissipate swelling and pain. (Cited from *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Names] Fosu, Zhujin, Chijin, Rijí. (Li Shizhen stated: In the east where the sun rises, there is the Fusang tree. This flower is brilliant and illuminates the sun; its leaves resemble those of the mulberry, hence the comparison. Later generations erroneously called it "Fosu"; it is actually a distinct variety of *Hibiscus syriacus* (Mujin). Therefore, names such as "Riji" are shared with it.)
[Origin] (Li Shizhen stated: Fusang grows in the southern regions.)
[Physical Characteristics] Fusang is a distinct variety of *Hibiscus syriacus*. Its branches and stems are soft; its leaves are dark green, slightly astringent, and resemble mulberry leaves. Its flowers come in red, yellow, and white colors. The red variety is particularly precious and is called Zhujin. (Ji Han's *Caomu Zhuang* records: Zhujin is also known as Chijin or Rijí, originating from Nanliang Commandery. Its flowers, stems, and leaves resemble those of the mulberry. Its leaves are glossy and dense. The tree is four to five chi tall with graceful branches and leaves. The flowers are deep red, with five petals, as large as *Althaea rosea* (Shukui), double-layered, soft and smooth, with a single long stamen resembling gold dust on the petals. Under sunlight, it appears as if flames are generated. A single cluster blooms hundreds of flowers daily, opening in the morning and falling in the evening. It survives when inserted into the soil.)
[Seasonality] Flowering begins in May and ceases in mid-winter.
[Color] Red, white, and yellow.
[Taste] Sweet.
[Nature] Neutral.
Non-toxic.
The leaves and flowers of *Hibiscus mutabilis* (Mufurong) clear the lungs, cool the blood, dissipate heat, and detoxify. They treat all types of carbuncles, sores, swellings, toxic masses, and malignant ulcers, reducing swelling, draining pus, and relieving pain. (Cited from *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Names] Difurong, Mulián, Huamu, Mufurong, Jushuang. (Li Shizhen stated: This flower is as beautiful as the lotus, hence the names Furong and Mulián; it is also named Jushuang [Frost-Resisting]. Commonly called "Pishu". Sima Xiangru's fu refers to it as "Huamu," with annotations stating its bark can be made into ropes. Su Dongpo wrote: "Calling it Frost-Resisting is not quite right; it seems most suitable for frost." Su Song's *Tujing Bencao* mentions "Difurong," stating it comes from Dingzhou, with leaves harvested in September to treat swellings; this is likely this plant.)
[Origin] (Li Shizhen stated: Mufurong grows everywhere.)
[Physical Characteristics] It propagates easily by cuttings and is a small shrub. Its main stems grow in clusters like brambles, reaching up to one zhang in height. The leaves are as large as plane tree leaves, with five or seven lobes. The flowers resemble peonies and herbaceous peonies, with some varieties having thousands of petals. It is highly cold-resistant, does not drop leaves in winter, and does not produce fruit. Mountain people use its bark to make ropes. In the Sichuan and Guang regions, there is a variety called "Tianse Jushuang Hua" (Color-Changing Frost-Resisting Flower). When it first opens, it is white; the next day it turns slightly red; the third day it becomes deep red. The colors appear sequentially, presenting multiple hues.
[Seasonality] Flowers are harvested at the time of frost; leaves are harvested after the frost.
[Collection and Processing] Dried in the shade for medicinal use.
[Color] Red, white, and yellow.
[Applications] (Li Shizhen stated: The qi of Mufurong flowers and leaves is neutral, neither cold nor hot. The taste is slightly pungent, and the nature is slippery and sticky. Its efficacy in treating swellings and carbuncles is miraculous. Recent surgeons secretly named preparations derived from it Qingliang Gao, Qinglu San, and Tiegu San. These formulas treat all carbuncles, back abscesses, mastitis, and malignant ulcers, regardless of whether they have formed pus or ruptured. The leaves, root bark, or flowers are used, either fresh or dried, ground into powder, and mixed with honey. Applied around the periphery of the swelling, leaving the center open. If dry, change frequently. For early-stage lesions, cooling is felt immediately, pain stops, and swelling subsides. For established abscesses, pus gathers and toxins are expelled. For ruptured lesions, pus drains easily, and healing occurs rapidly, which is wonderful. Adding powdered fresh *Phaseolus vulgaris* (Chixiaodou) is especially effective.)
[Taste] Slightly pungent.
[Nature] Neutral.