无毒 植生
石胡荽通鼻气利九窍吐风痰不任食亦去翳熟 纳鼻中翳自落(名医所录)【名】鹅不食
草
【苗】谨按石胡荽春生苗叶茎圆而中空折之有白汁节间生叶青绿色其花细白至夏作丛而开子
叶与胡荽无异此草鹅皆不食故名鹅不食草人采入药欲辨之必以饲鹅鹅不食者为真鹅误食之则
死也【地】生田野及水岸间皆有之【时】(生)春生苗(采)秋取【收】阴干【用】茎叶【色】
青绿【味】辛【性】寒【气】气之薄者阳中之阴【臭】香
无毒 丛生
芜菁主利五脏轻身益气○子主明目(名医所录)【名】蔓荆 芜 葑苁 葑 芥 大
芥
荛 苔子 诸葛菜 风苁 须【苗】(图经曰)芜菁即蔓荆也梗短叶大连地上生阔叶红花
四
时仍有春食苗夏食心亦谓之苔子秋冬食根亦可以备饥岁菜中之最有益者惟是此耳诸葛亮所止
令兵士独种蔓荆者取其才出甲可生啖一也叶舒可煮食二也久居则随以滋长三也弃不令惜四也
回即易寻而采之五也冬有根可 (竹足切)食六也比诸蔬属其利不亦博乎今三蜀江陵呼蔓荆
为
诸葛菜是也【地】(图经曰)旧出河朔今处处有之【时】(生)春苗四时不凋(采)春苗夏叶
秋冬
取根【用】苗叶根子【质】类菘菜【色】青【味】苦【性】温泄【气】味浓于气阴中之阳【臭】
腥【主】通中益气【制】子九蒸九曝【治】(疗)(图经曰)实久服可以辟谷除发黄利小肠并
治
青盲(唐本注云)子治症瘕积聚水煮二升取浓汁服止霍乱心腹胀取汁少饮治目暗为末服(陈
藏
器云)芜菁消黄胆及急黄内黄腹结不通捣为末水绞汁服当得嚏鼻中出黄水及下痢○子为油入
面膏令人去黑 (孟诜云)蔓荆消食下气○子压油涂头能变蒜发又研入面脂极去皱又捣水和
服
除热黄结实不通少顷当泻一切恶物沙石草发并出(食疗云)根止消渴并热毒风肿(别录云)
子治
阴黄汗染衣涕唾黄者捣末平旦以井花水服一匙日再加至两匙以知为度色渐退白则瘥不过服五
升愈及瘭疽着手足肩背累累如米起色白刮之水出复发热以芜菁子熟捣帛裹敷之即止妊娠小便
不利为末水服方寸匕○芜菁常食之通中益气令人肥健○根治豌豆疮捣汁挑疮破敷之食顷根出
及男子阴肿如斗大核痛以根捣敷之○虚劳眼暗三月采蔓荆花阴干为末以井花水每空心调下二
钱匕久服长生可夜读书○蔓荆汁治犬咬伤服之佳又立春后庚子日以芜菁汁合家大小并温服不
限多少可除时疾(补)(图经曰)子九蒸九曝捣为粉服之长生(萧炳云)子入丸药用令人肥
健尤宜
妇人【合治】芜菁和油敷蜘蛛咬恐毒入肉亦捣末合酒服○根生捣和盐醋浆水煮汁洗女子妒乳
肿洗五六度瘥又捣和鸡子白封之妙○根叶净择去土不用水洗以盐捣敷乳痈痛寒热者敷上热即
换不过三五易之瘥冬月无叶即用根宜避风○根大者削去皮熟捣合苦酒和如泥煮三沸急搅之出
敷卒起肿毒急痛以帛裹上日三易之○蔓荆子六升一物蒸之看气遍合甑下以釜中热汤淋之曝干
还淋如是三遍即杵筛为末食后清酒服二寸匕治青盲瞳子不坏者十得九愈○蔓荆子三两为末每
合温酒服一钱匕治风疹入腹身体强舌干燥硬○合酢和敷秃疮○芜菁子三升以苦酒三升煮令熟
晒干为末以井花水服方寸匕加至三匕常服明目洞视肠肥【禁】根多食令人气胀满【解】面毒
石胡荽:能通鼻气,利九窍,吐出风痰。因鹅不食用此草,故称“鹅不食”。若将熟石胡荽纳入鼻中,眼翳自落。(出自《名医别录》)
【苗叶形态】谨按:石胡荽春季生苗,茎叶圆而中空,折断后有白色汁液流出,节间生叶,呈青绿色。其花细小洁白,至夏季成丛开放,结籽。叶片与胡荽(香菜)无异。因为鹅都不吃这种草,所以得名“鹅不食草”。人们采集入药时,若要辨别真伪,必须用鹅来试喂,鹅不吃的才是真品;如果鹅误食了,就会死亡。
【加工】阴干。
【药用部位】茎、叶。
芜菁:主要功效为利五脏,轻身益气。○ 子(种子):主要功效为明目。(出自《名医别录》)
【名称】蔓荆、芜、葑苁、葑、芥、大芥、荛、苔子、诸葛菜、风苁、须。
【苗叶形态】(《图经本草》记载):芜菁即蔓荆。梗短叶大,连地上部分生有宽叶红花。四季均有生长,春季食用苗,夏季食用心,也称之为苔子,秋冬季节食用根,也可以用来防备饥荒之年。这是蔬菜中最有益的一种。诸葛亮驻军时,只命令士兵独自种植蔓荆,原因有六:一是刚发芽时可生吃;二是叶子舒展后可煮食;三是久居此地则随时间滋长;四是丢弃也不可惜;五是返回时容易寻找并采摘;六是冬季有根可食用(“䓞”音竹足切)。与其他蔬菜相比,其利益不是非常广博吗?如今三蜀地区和江陵称蔓荆为“诸葛菜”,就是这个原因。
【产地】(《图经本草》记载):旧时出产于河朔地区,如今到处都有。
【采收时节】(生长)春季出苗,四季不凋谢;(采收)春季采苗,夏季采叶,秋冬取根。
【治疗功效】(《图经本草》记载):果实长期服用可以辟谷,去除发黄,利小肠,并治疗青盲症。(《唐本注》记载):子治疗症瘕积聚,水煮二升,取浓汁服用,止霍乱、心腹胀;取汁少量饮用,治疗目暗;研末服用。(陈藏器云):芜菁消除黄疸及急黄、内黄、腹结不通,捣为末,用水绞汁服用,应当打喷嚏,鼻中流出黄水,以及治疗下痢。○ 子榨油加入面膏,能使人去黑斑。(孟诜云):蔓荆消食下气。○ 子压油涂头,能使白发变黑;又研入面脂,极能去皱;又捣碎和水服用,除热黄结实不通,不久当泻出一切恶物、沙石、草发等。(《食疗本草》记载):根止消渴及热毒风肿。(《别录》记载):子治疗阴黄,汗染衣,涕唾黄者,捣末,平旦以井花水服一匙,每日逐渐加量至两匙,以见效为度,色渐退白则痊愈,不过服用五升即可治愈。以及治疗疔疽,着手足肩背,累累如米粒起,色白,刮之有水出,复发热,用芜菁子熟捣,帛裹敷之,即止。妊娠小便不利,为末,水服方寸匕。○ 芜菁常食之,通中益气,令人肥健。○ 根治豌豆疮,捣汁挑破疮口敷之,食顷根出。以及男子阴肿如斗大核痛,以根捣敷之。○ 虚劳眼暗,三月采蔓荆花,阴干为末,以井花水每空心调下二钱匕,久服长生,可夜读书。○ 蔓荆汁治犬咬伤,服之佳。又立春后庚子日,以芜菁汁合家大小并温服,不限多少,可除时疾。(补遗)(《图经本草》记载):子九蒸九晒,捣为粉服用,可长生。(萧炳云):子入丸药使用,令人肥健,尤宜妇人。
【合治/配伍应用】芜菁和油敷蜘蛛咬伤,恐毒入肉,亦捣末合酒服。○ 根生捣和盐醋浆水煮汁,洗女子妒乳肿,洗五六次痊愈。又捣和鸡子白封之,妙。○ 根叶净择去土,不用水洗,以盐捣敷乳痈痛寒热者,敷上热即换,不过三五次易之,痊愈。冬月无叶即用根,宜避风。○ 根大者削去皮,熟捣合苦酒和如泥,煮三沸,急搅之,出敷卒起肿毒急痛,以帛裹上,日三易之。○ 蔓荆子六升,一物蒸之,看气遍合甑下,以釜中热汤淋之,曝干,还淋,如是三遍,即杵筛为末,食后清酒服二寸匕,治青盲瞳子不坏者,十得九愈。○ 蔓荆子三两为末,每合温酒服一钱匕,治风疹入腹身体强舌干燥硬。○ 合酢和敷秃疮。○ 芜菁子三升,以苦酒三升煮令熟,晒干为末,以井花水服方寸匕,加至三匕,常服明目洞视肠肥。
Non-toxic. Grows as a solitary plant.
*Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides* (Shihushui, Stone Coriander): Can unblock nasal qi, benefit the nine orifices, and expel wind-phlegm. Because geese do not eat this herb, it is called "Goose-Does-Not-Eat Grass". If cooked *Shihushui* is inserted into the nose, eye nebula (cataract) will naturally fall off. (Recorded by Famous Physicians)
[Name]: Goose-Does-Not-Eat Grass (*Ebusicaocao*).
[Seedling Morphology]: According to records: *Shihushui* produces seedlings in spring. The stems and leaves are round and hollow; when broken, white juice flows out. Leaves grow between nodes, appearing green. The flowers are small and white, blooming in clusters in summer, producing seeds. The leaves are indistinguishable from *Huxu* (Coriander). Since geese refuse to eat this herb, it is named "Goose-Does-Not-Eat Grass". When collected for medicinal use, to distinguish authenticity, one must feed it to geese; if the goose does not eat it, it is genuine. If the goose mistakenly eats it, it will die.
[Origin]: Grows in fields and along water banks, found everywhere.
[Harvesting Time]: (Growth) Seedlings emerge in spring; (Harvest) Gathered in autumn.
[Processing]: Dried in the shade.
[Medicinal Parts]: Stems and leaves.
[Color]: Green.
[Taste]: Acrid.
[Nature]: Cold.
[Qi Characteristic]: Thin Qi, belonging to Yin within Yang.
[Odor]: Fragrant.
Non-toxic. Grows in dense clumps.
*Raphanus sativus* (Wujing, Radish/Turnip): Primarily benefits the five zang organs, lightens the body, and tonifies qi. ○ Seeds: Primarily brighten the eyes. (Recorded by Famous Physicians)
[Names]: Manjing, Wu, Fengcong, Feng, Jie, Dajie, Rao, Taizi, Zhugecai, Fengcong, Xu.
[Seedling Morphology]: (*Tujing Bencao* states): Wujing is Manjing. The stem is short with large leaves; broad leaves and red flowers grow above ground. It grows throughout the four seasons: spring seedlings are eaten, summer hearts are eaten, also known as Taizi; winter roots are eaten, which can also serve as food during famine years. This is the most beneficial of all vegetables. When Zhuge Liang stationed his troops, he ordered soldiers to exclusively plant Manjing for six reasons: first, young shoots can be eaten raw; second, expanded leaves can be boiled and eaten; third, staying long allows them to multiply; fourth, discarded plants are not regretted; fifth, they are easy to find and gather upon return; sixth, roots are edible in winter ("Zhu" pronounced like 'zhu zu'). Compared to other vegetables, its benefits are indeed extensive. Today, in the Three Shu regions and Jiangling, Manjing is called "Zhugecai," which refers to this.
[Origin]: (*Tujing Bencao* states): Originally produced in He-Shuo region, now found everywhere.
[Harvesting Time]: (Growth) Spring seedlings emerge, never withering through the four seasons; (Harvest) Spring seedlings, summer leaves, autumn/winter roots.
[Medicinal Parts]: Seedlings, leaves, roots, seeds.
[Texture]: Similar to Songcai (Chinese Cabbage).
[Color]: Green.
[Taste]: Bitter.
[Nature]: Warm, with draining properties.
[Qi Characteristic]: Taste is stronger than Qi, belonging to Yang within Yin.
[Odor]: Fishy.
[Main Action]: Unblocks the middle jiao and tonifies qi.
[Preparation]: Seeds require nine steaming and nine sun-drying cycles.
[Therapeutic Effects]: (*Tujing Bencao* states): Long-term consumption of fruits/seeds can aid in grain avoidance (Bigu), remove yellowing, benefit the small intestine, and treat Qingming syndrome (blindness with clear pupils). (*Tang Ben Zhu* states): Seeds treat zhizha accumulations and masses; boil two sheng in water, take the concentrated decoction to stop Huoluan (cholera-like vomiting/diarrhea) and abdominal distension; take small amounts of juice to treat dim vision; take powder orally. (Chen Cangqi says): Wujing resolves jaundice, acute jaundice, internal jaundice, and abdominal obstruction; crush into powder, extract juice with water, induce sneezing, discharge yellow fluid from the nose, and treat dysentery. ○ Press seeds for oil to add to facial creams to remove black spots. (Meng Shen says): Manjing aids digestion and directs qi downward. ○ Press seeds for oil to apply to hair to turn gray hair black; grind into facial cream to remove wrinkles; crush and mix with water to drink to resolve heat-induced constipation, leading to the expulsion of all evil substances, sand, stones, grass hairs, etc. (*Shiliao Bencao* states): Roots stop thirst and treat heat-toxin wind swelling. (*Bielu* states): Seeds treat yin jaundice, sweat staining clothes, yellow sputum/saliva; crush into powder, take one spoonful at dawn with well-water, gradually increasing to two spoonfuls until effective; color fades to white indicating cure, usually cured within five sheng. Also treats carbuncles on hands, feet, shoulders, back, appearing like rice grains, white, discharging water when scraped, accompanied by fever; crush ripe Wujing seeds, wrap in cloth, and apply to stop pain. For pregnancy with difficult urination, take powder with water, one cun-bi dose. ○ Regular consumption of Wujing unblocks the middle jiao, tonifies qi, and makes one fat and strong. ○ Roots treat pox (smallpox/chickenpox); crush juice, puncture pustules, and apply; after a meal time, roots emerge. Also for men with penile swelling like a large nut causing pain, apply crushed root. ○ For deficiency-wasting dim vision, harvest Manjing flowers in March, dry in shade, make into powder, take two qian-bi doses mixed with well-water on an empty stomach; long-term use promotes longevity and night reading. ○ Manjing juice treats dog bites; ingestion is good. Also, on Gengzi days after Start of Spring, warm and administer Manjing juice to the whole family without limit to prevent seasonal epidemics. (Supplement) (*Tujing Bencao* states): Seeds nine-steamed nine-dried, powdered and taken for longevity. (Xiao Bing says): Seeds in pills promote fatness and strength, especially suitable for women.
[Combined Treatments]: Mix Wujing with oil to apply for spider bites fearing toxin penetration; alternatively, crush seeds, mix with wine, and ingest. ○ Crush fresh roots, mix with salt, vinegar, and water decoction to wash female breast engorgement (jealousy milk); wash 5-6 times for cure. Alternatively, mix with egg white and apply externally, which is excellent. ○ Cleanly select roots and leaves, remove soil, do not wash with water; crush with salt and apply to mastitis with chills and fever; replace when hot, change 3-5 times for cure. In winter without leaves, use roots; avoid wind. ○ Large roots, peel skin, crush thoroughly, mix with vinegar into mud, boil three times, stir quickly, remove and apply to sudden swelling/toxins with acute pain; wrap with cloth, change three times daily. ○ Six sheng of Manjing seeds, steam once until vapor permeates the basket, pour hot water from pot over them, dry in sun, repeat steaming and pouring three times, then pound and sieve into powder; take two cun-bi doses with clear wine after meals to treat Qingming where pupils are intact, curing 9 out of 10 cases. ○ Three liang of Manjing seeds, powdered; take one qian-bi dose with warm wine to treat wind-rash entering the abdomen, causing body stiffness and dry/hard tongue. ○ Mix with vinegar to apply to bald sores. ○ Three sheng of Wujing seeds, boil in three sheng of vinegar until cooked, dry and powder; take one cun-bi dose with well-water, increase to three doses; regular use brightens eyes and improves intestinal health.
[Contraindications]: Excessive consumption of roots causes qi distension and fullness.
[Antidote]: For face toxins.