\r恶实\ph195.bmp\r，即牛蒡子也，生鲁山平泽，今处处有之。叶如芋而长；实似葡
萄核而褐色，外壳如栗
球，小而多刺，鼠过之，则缀惹不可脱，故谓之鼠粘子，亦如羊负来之比。根有极大者，作
菜茹尤益人。秋后采子，入药用。根、叶亦可生捣，入少盐花，以拓肿毒。又冬月采根，蒸
曝之入药。刘禹锡《传信方》，疗暴中风，用紧细牛蒡根，取时须避风，以竹刀或荆刀刮去
土，用生布拭了，捣绞取汁一大升，和灼然好蜜四大合，温，分为两服，每服相去五、六里
。初服得汗，汗出便瘥。此方得之岳鄂郑中丞，郑顷年至 阳，因食一顿热肉，便中暴风，
外生卢氏，为 阳尉，有此方，当时便服，得汗随瘥，神效。又《箧中方》∶风头及脑掣痛
不可禁者，摩膏主之。取牛蒡茎叶，捣取浓汁二升，合无灰酒一升，盐花一匙头， 火煎，
令稠成膏，以摩痛处，风毒散自止，亦主时行头痛。摩时须极力，令作热，乃速效。冬月无
苗，用根代之亦可。
\r小蓟根\ph196.bmp\r，《本经》不着所出州土，今处处有之。俗名青刺蓟，苗高尺余，
叶多刺，心中出花
，头如红蓝花而青紫色，北人呼为千针草。当二月苗初生二、三寸时，并根作茹，食之甚美
。四月采苗，九月采根，并阴干入药，亦生捣根绞汁饮，以止吐血、衄血、下血皆验。大蓟
根苗与此相似，但肥大耳，而功力有殊，破血之外，亦疗痈肿。小蓟专主血疾。
【恶实】即牛蒡子，生长在鲁山的平原地带，如今各地都有。叶子像芋头叶但更长；果实像葡萄核那样呈褐色，外壳像栗子球，小而多刺，老鼠经过时，就会粘附在身上无法脱落，所以叫它鼠粘子，这也和“羊负来”（苍耳）的命名方式类似。根有非常大的，作为蔬菜食用尤其对人有益。秋后采集种子，用于入药。根、叶也可以生捣碎，加入少许盐花，用来敷贴肿毒。另外在冬天采集根部，蒸熟后晒干入药。刘禹锡《传信方》中记载治疗突发中风，使用紧细的牛蒡根，取用时必须避开风，用竹刀或荆条刀刮去泥土，用生布擦拭干净，捣烂绞取汁液一大升，和好蜂蜜四大合，温热后分为两次服用，每次服药间隔行走五、六里路。初次服用后若能出汗，汗出后病即痊愈。此方是从岳鄂地区的郑中丞那里得来的。郑某曾到阳地任职，当时担任阳尉，因吃一顿热肉而突发中风，外甥卢氏给了他这个方子，他当时立即服用，随汗出而病愈，效果神妙。又《箧中方》记载：对于头部及脑部掣痛不可忍受的情况，用膏摩法主治。取牛蒡茎叶，捣取浓汁二升，加入无灰酒一升，盐花一匙头，用火煎煮，使其浓缩成膏状，涂抹按摩疼痛处，风毒消散自然停止，也主治流行性头痛。按摩时必须用力，使局部发热，才能迅速见效。冬季没有苗叶时，用根代替也可以。
【小蓟根】《本经》未注明其生长的州土，如今各地都有。俗名青刺蓟，苗高一尺多，叶子多刺，中心抽出花，花头像红蓝花但呈青紫色，北方人叫它千针草。当二月苗刚长出二三寸时，连同根部一起作为蔬菜食用，味道很美。四月采集苗，九月采集根，都阴干后入药，也可以生捣根部绞汁饮用，以止吐血、鼻衄、便血等，均有疗效。大蓟的根苗与此相似，只是更肥大而已，但功效不同，除了破血之外，也能治疗痈肿。小蓟专门主治血疾。
[Arctii Fructus] Arctii Fructus (Niu Bang Zi, 牛蒡子) is also known as the seed of burdock. It grows in the plains of Lushan and is now found everywhere. The leaves resemble those of taro but are longer; the fruit resembles a grape pit and is brownish. The outer shell is like a chestnut bur, small and thorny. When rats pass by, it attaches to them and cannot be removed easily, hence it is called "Shu Nian Zi" (Rat-Adhering Seed). This naming convention is similar to that of Xuan Fu Hua (Cocklebur Flower). The roots can be very large and are particularly beneficial when consumed as vegetables. Seeds are harvested in autumn for medicinal use. The roots and leaves can also be freshly crushed, mixed with a little salt crystals, and applied externally to treat swelling and toxicity. Additionally, roots are harvested in winter, steamed, sun-dried, and used medicinally. Liu Yuxi's *Chuan Xin Fang* records a treatment for sudden wind-stroke using tight and slender burdock roots. When harvesting, one must avoid wind. Scrape off the soil with a bamboo knife or a荆 (Jing) knife, wipe clean with raw cloth, crush, and squeeze out one sheng (approx. 200ml) of juice. Mix with four he (approx. 800ml) of good honey, warm it, and divide into two doses. Walk five or six li between doses. If sweating occurs after the first dose, the illness will subside. This prescription was obtained from Vice Minister Zheng of Yue-E. Zheng once served as the magistrate of Yang. After eating a meal of hot meat, he suffered a sudden wind-stroke. His nephew Lu from Shi County provided this prescription. He took it immediately, sweated, and recovered quickly, showing miraculous efficacy. Another source, *Qie Zhong Fang*, states: For unbearable pulling pain in the head and brain, apply ointment massage. Take burdock stems and leaves, crush to obtain two sheng of thick juice, mix with one sheng of unadulterated wine and a spoonful of salt crystals. Boil over fire until it becomes a thick paste. Massage the painful area. As the wind-toxin disperses, the pain stops naturally. It also treats epidemic headaches. During massage, exert force to generate heat for rapid effect. In winter, when no shoots are available, roots can be used instead.
[Xiao Ji Gen] *Ben Jing* does not specify the provinces where it grows; it is now found everywhere. Its common name is Qing Ci Ji (Green Thorn Thistle). The seedlings are over a chi (approx. 33cm) high, with thorny leaves. Flowers emerge from the center, resembling Carthamus flowers but in blue-purple hues. People in the north call it Qian Zhen Cao (Thousand-Needle Grass). When seedlings are two to three cun long in February, both the shoots and roots can be eaten as vegetables and are delicious. Shoots are harvested in April, roots in September. Both are dried in shade for medicinal use. Alternatively, fresh roots can be crushed and juiced for drinking to stop hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), and lower gastrointestinal bleeding, all of which show verified efficacy. Da Ji Gen (Radix Cirsii Japonici) has similar roots and shoots but is larger. However, its efficacy differs; besides invigorating blood and breaking stasis, it also treats carbuncles and swellings. Xiao Ji (Radix Cirsii Japonici) specifically treats blood disorders.