握雪 石，文具 石条下。
苍石，文具 石条下。
\r代赭\ph53.bmp\r，生齐国山谷，今河东京东山中亦有之。以赤红青色如鸡冠有泽，
染爪甲不渝者良。古
方紫丸治小儿用代赭，云无真者，以左顾牡蛎代使，乃知真者难得。今医家所用，多择取大
块，其上纹头有如浮沤丁者为胜，谓之丁头代赭。采无时。次条又有白垩，生邯郸山谷，即
画家所用者，多而且贱，一名白善土。胡居士云∶始兴小桂县晋阳乡，有白善，俗方稀用。
今处处皆有，人家往往用以浣衣。《山海经·西山经》∶石 （音跪）之山，其阴灌水出焉，
而北流于愚水，其中有流赭，以涂牛马无病。郭璞注云∶赭，赤土也。今人以朱涂牛角，云
以辟恶。又云∶大次之山，其阳多垩。又北山经天池之山，其中多黄垩。又中山经葱聋之山
，其中有大谷，多白、黑、青、黄垩。注云∶言有杂色之垩也，然则赭以西土者为贵。垩有
五色，入药惟白者耳。
\r铅\ph55.bmp\r，生蜀郡平泽。锡，生桂阳山谷。今有银坑处皆有之。而临贺出锡尤
盛，亦谓之白 。铅
丹，黄丹也。粉锡，胡粉也。二物并是化铅所作，故附于铅。镜虽铜，而皆用锡杂之，乃能
明白，故镜鼻附于锡。谨按《字书》∶为锡，为 ，铅为青金，虽相似，而入用殊别也。
又有
铅霜，亦出于铅。其法从铅杂水银十五分之一，合炼作片，置醋瓮中密封，经久成霜，亦谓
之铅白霜。性极冷，入治风痰，及婴孺惊滞药。今医家用之尤多。凡铸铜之物，多和以锡。
《考工记》∶攻金之工。金有六齐是也。凡药用铜弩牙、古文钱之类，皆以有锡，故其用亦
近之。又铅灰治瘰 。刘禹锡着其法云∶取铅三两，铁器中熬之，久当有脚如黑灰，取此灰
和脂涂 子上，仍以旧帛贴之，数数去帛，拭恶汁。又贴如此半月许，亦不痛、不破、不
作疮，但内消之为水，瘥。虽流过项亦瘥。
握雪石，在文具石的条目下记载。
苍石，在文具石的条目下记载。
代赭，产于齐国的山谷中，如今河东、京东的山中也出产。以颜色赤红带青、像鸡冠一样且有光泽、能染指甲而不易褪色的为优质品。古方中的紫丸治疗小儿疾病时使用代赭，据说如果没有真品，就用左顾牡蛎代替使用，由此可知真品很难得到。现在医家所用的代赭，多选择大块，上面纹理像浮沤丁（一种花纹）的为上品，称为“丁头代赭”。采集没有固定时间。下一条又有白垩，产于邯郸山谷，就是画家所用的那种，产量多而且价格便宜，又名白善土。胡居士说：始兴县小桂乡晋阳乡，有白善，民间偏方很少使用。现在到处都有，人家往往用来洗衣服。《山海经·西山经》记载：石（音跪）山，山的北面灌水发源，向北流入愚水，水中产流赭，用其涂抹牛马可使其不生病。郭璞注释说：赭，是赤色的土。现在的人用朱砂涂牛角，说是可以辟邪。又记载：大次山，山的南面多垩土。再往北的天池山，山中多黄垩。再往中山经的葱聋山，山中有大谷，多白、黑、青、黄垩。注释说：指有杂色的垩土，那么赭以西部的土为贵。垩有五色，入药只用白色的。
铅，产于蜀郡平泽。锡，产于桂阳山谷。现在有银矿的地方都有出产。而临贺出产的锡尤其兴盛，也称为白锡。铅丹，就是黄丹。粉锡，就是胡粉。这两种物品都是由铅炼制而成的，所以附在铅的条目下。镜子虽然是铜做的，但都掺入锡，才能明亮，所以镜鼻附在锡的条目下。谨按《字书》记载：锡被称为錫，铅被称为青金，虽然相似，但用途不同。又有铅霜，也出自铅。其方法是取铅与水银按十五分之一的比例混合，炼制成片，放入醋瓮中密封，经过长时间形成霜状，也称为铅白霜。性质极冷，入药用于治疗风痰，以及婴儿惊滞的药物中。现在医家使用它尤为普遍。凡是铸造铜器，多掺入锡。《考工记》记载：从事金属加工的工匠，金属有六种配比就是说的这个。凡药用铜弩牙、古文钱之类，都因为含有锡，所以用途也相近。另外铅灰可以治疗瘰疬。刘禹锡记载了这种方法：取铅三两，在铁器中熬炼，久了会有沉淀物像黑灰一样，取这种灰和油脂涂抹在瘰疬上，仍用旧布贴在上面，多次去掉布，擦拭恶汁。这样反复贴敷半个月左右，也不痛、不破、不溃烂，只是内部消解化为水，病就好了。即使长在颈项处也能治愈。
Wuxue Shi (Snow-Holding Stone), recorded under the entry for Wenju Shi (Stationery Stone).
Cang Shi (Green Stone), recorded under the entry for Wenju Shi (Stationery Stone).
Daizhe (Hematite) [ph53.bmp], originally produced in the valleys of Qi State, is now also found in the mountains of Hedong and Jingdong. The best quality is characterized by a red-red color with a bluish tint, resembling a rooster's comb, possessing luster, and staining the fingernails without fading easily. In ancient prescriptions, Zhi Wan (Purple Pill) used Daizhe for treating children; it was said that if genuine Daizhe was unavailable, Zuogu Muli (Left-Gazing Oyster Shell) was used as a substitute, indicating that genuine Daizhe is difficult to obtain. Currently, physicians mostly select large chunks where the surface texture resembles "floating bubbles" or "nails," which are considered superior and called "Dingtou Daizhe" (Nail-Head Hematite). It can be harvested at any time. The next entry mentions Bai'e (White Chalk), produced in the valleys of Handan, which is what painters use; it is abundant and cheap, also known as Baishan Tu (White Good Earth). Hu Jushi stated: In Jinxiang Township, Xiaogui County, Shixing, there is Baishan, rarely used in folk prescriptions. Now it is available everywhere, and households often use it for washing clothes. *Shan Hai Jing · Western Mountain Classic* records: On the mountain of Shi (pronounced 'gui'), the Guan River originates from its northern slope and flows north into the Yu River; the water contains Liuzhe (Flowing Hematite), which, when applied to cattle and horses, prevents disease. Guo Pu commented: Zhe refers to red earth. People nowadays paint ox horns with cinnabar, claiming it wards off evil spirits. It also records: On Mount Daci, the southern slope is rich in E (Chalk). Further north, on Tianchi Mountain, there is much Huang'e (Yellow Chalk). In Zhongshan Classic, on Conglong Mountain, there is a large valley rich in white, black, green, and yellow E (Chalk). The commentary states this refers to mixed-color chalk; thus, hematite from the western regions is prized. Although E comes in five colors, only the white variety is used in medicine.
Bai'e (White Chalk) [ph54.bmp], recorded under the entry for Daizhe.
Qian (Lead) [ph55.bmp], produced in Pingze, Shu Commandery. Xi (Tin) [ph55.bmp], produced in the valleys of Guiyang. It is now found wherever silver mines exist. Tin produced in Linghe is particularly abundant, also called Baixi (White Tin). Qiandan (Lead Monoxide/Yellow Red Lead) is Huangdan (Yellow Red Lead). Fenxi (Powdered Tin) is Hufen (White Lead Powder). Both substances are derived from processed lead, so they are appended to the entry for Qian. Mirrors, although made of copper, require the addition of tin to become bright; therefore, Jingbi (Mirror Knob) is appended to the entry for Xi. According to *Zishu*: Tin is called Xi, Lead is called Qingjin (Blue Gold); although similar, their applications differ. There is also Qianshuang (Lead Frost), also derived from lead. The method involves mixing lead with one-fifteenth part mercury, refining them into sheets, placing them in a vinegar jar, sealing tightly, and allowing frost to form over time; it is also called Qianbaishuang (White Lead Frost). Its nature is extremely cold; it is used in medicines for treating wind-phlegm and infantile convulsive stagnation. It is currently widely used by physicians. Most copper castings contain tin. *Kaogong Ji* (Artificers' Record) states: Artisans working with metals utilize six alloys of metal. Medicinal items such as bronze crossbow triggers and ancient coins contain tin, hence their uses are similar. Additionally, Qiangui (Lead Ash) treats Luoli (Scrofula). Liu Yuxi documented a method: Take three taels of lead, roast it in an iron vessel until residue resembling black ash forms. Collect this ash, mix it with fat, and apply it to the Luoli lesions. Cover with old cloth, frequently removing the cloth to wipe away foul discharge. Repeat this application for about half a month; the lesion will not hurt, break open, or ulcerate, but will internally dissolve into fluid, leading to recovery. Even lesions located on the neck can be cured.