\r术\ph73.bmp\r，生郑山山谷、汉中、南郑，今处处有之，以嵩山、茅山者为佳。春
生苗，青色无桠。一
名山蓟，以其叶似蓟也。茎作蒿秆状，青赤色，长三、二尺以来；夏开花，紫碧色，亦似刺
蓟花，或有黄白花者；入伏后结子，至秋而苗枯；根似姜，而旁有细根，皮黑，心黄白色，
中有膏液紫色。二月、三月、八月、九月采，曝干。干湿并通用，今八月采之，服食家多单
饵之。或合白茯苓，或合石菖蒲，并捣末，旦日水调服，晚再进，久久弥佳。又 取生术，
去土，水浸，再三煎如饴糖，酒调饮之更善。今茅山所制术，煎是此法也。陶隐居云∶昔者
刘涓子 取其精而丸之，名守中金丸。今传其法，乃是膏煎，恐非真耳。谨按术有二种∶《
尔雅》云∶术，山蓟，杨抱（音孚）释曰∶蓟。此辨蓟生山中及平地者名也。生平地者名蓟，
生山中名术。陶注本草云∶白术叶大而有毛，甜而少膏，赤术细苦而多膏是也。其生平地而
肥，大于众者，名杨抱蓟，今呼之马蓟。然则杨抱即白术也。今白术生杭、越、舒、宣州高
山岗上，叶叶相对，上有毛，方茎，茎端生花，淡紫碧红数色，根作桠生，二月、三月、八
月、九月采根，曝干。以大块紫花者为胜，又名乞力伽。凡古方云术者，乃白术也，非谓今
之术矣。
术，生长在郑山山谷、汉中、南郑等地，如今各地都有，以嵩山、茅山出产的质量最佳。春天生出苗，青色，没有分枝。又名山蓟，因为它的叶子像蓟（菊科植物）。茎像蒿秆一样，青赤色，长二三尺以上；夏天开花，紫碧色，也像刺蓟的花，也有黄白色的花；入伏后结子，到秋天苗枯死；根像姜，但旁边有细根，皮黑色，心黄白色，中间有紫色膏液。二月、三月、八月、九月采收，晒干。干品和鲜品都通用，现在多在八月采收，服食养生的人多单独服用它。或者配合白茯苓，或者配合石菖蒲，一起捣成粉末，早晨用水调服，晚上再进服，时间久了效果更好。又取生术，去掉泥土，用水浸泡，反复煎煮如饴糖般稠厚，用酒调饮更好。现在茅山制作的术，煎制就是这种方法。陶隐居说：以前刘涓子取其精华制成丸药，名叫守中金丸。现在流传的方法，却是膏剂煎制，恐怕不是真的。谨按术有两种：《尔雅》说：术，就是山蓟，杨抱（音孚）解释为：蓟。这是区分生在山上和平地上的名称。生在平地的叫蓟，生在山上的叫术。陶弘景注本草说：白术叶大且有毛，味甜而膏液少，赤术细小味苦而膏液多是这样的。那些生在平地且肥大，比一般的大的，名叫杨抱蓟，现在叫它马蓟。那么杨抱就是白术。现在白术生长在杭州、越州、舒州、宣州的高山岗上，叶子相对生长，上面有毛，方形茎，茎端开花，淡紫、碧、红等数种颜色，根呈分叉状生长，二月、三月、八月、九月采根，晒干。以大块紫花的为佳，又名乞力伽。凡是古方中说“术”的，指的是白术，不是指现在的术了。
Zhu (Atractylodes), originally growing in the valleys of Zheng Mountain, Hanzhong, and Nanzheng, is now found everywhere, with those from Songshan and Maoshan being considered the best. In spring, it sprouts seedlings that are green and branchless. It is also known as Shanji (Mountain Thistle) because its leaves resemble those of Ji (Thistle). The stem resembles that of Artemisia absinthium, appearing greenish-red, and grows to a height of two or three chi; in summer, it flowers with purple-blue blossoms, similar to the flowers of Cirsium japonicum, though some may be yellow or white; after the beginning of Fu days, it produces seeds, and by autumn, the seedlings wither. The root resembles ginger but has fine lateral roots; the skin is black, the interior is yellowish-white, and it contains purple viscous fluid. It is harvested in February, March, August, and September, then dried. Both fresh and dried forms are usable; currently, harvesting is mostly done in August, and practitioners of dietary therapy often consume it alone. Alternatively, it can be combined with Baifuling (Poria) or Shichangpu (Acorus tatarinowii), ground into powder, taken with water in the morning, and repeated in the evening, yielding better results over time. Another method involves taking fresh Zhu, removing soil, soaking in water, and boiling repeatedly until it reaches the consistency of maltose syrup, which is then taken with wine for superior efficacy. The Zhu prepared in Maoshan today follows this decoction method. Tao Hongjing stated: "In the past, Liu Juanzi extracted its essence to make pills named Shouzhongjin Wan (Golden Pill Guarding the Center)." The method currently transmitted involves making a paste, which is likely not authentic. According to careful examination, there are two types of Zhu: "Erya" states, "Zhu is Shanji." Yang Bao (pronounced 'fu') explained it as "Ji." This distinguishes the names for thistles growing in mountains versus flatlands. Those growing in flatlands are called Ji, while those in mountains are called Zhu. Tao's commentary on Bencao states: "Baizhu (White Atractylodes) has large, hairy leaves, is sweet, and has little viscous fluid; Chizhu (Red Atractylodes) is small, bitter, and has much viscous fluid." Those growing in flatlands that are plump and larger than others are named Yangbao Ji, now called Maji (Horse Thistle). Thus, Yangbao refers to Baizhu. Currently, Baizhu grows on high ridges in Hangzhou, Yuezhou, Shuzhou, and Xuanzhou. Its leaves grow opposite each other, covered with hairs, on square stems. Flowers bloom at the stem tips in pale purple, blue, red, and other colors. The roots grow in forked shapes and are harvested in February, March, August, and September, then dried. Large pieces with purple flowers are superior and are also known as Qilijia. In ancient prescriptions, the term "Zhu" referred to Baizhu, not the Zhu known today.