\r枳实\ph336.bmp\r，生河内川泽。枳壳，生商州川谷，今京西、江湖州郡皆有之，
以商州者为佳。如橘而
小，高亦五、七尺，叶如枨，多刺，春生白花，至秋成实。九月、十月采，阴干。旧说七
月、八月采者为实；九月、十月采者为壳。今医家多以皮浓而小者为枳实；完大者为壳，皆
以翻肚如盆口唇状、须陈久者为胜。近道所出者，俗呼臭橘，不堪用。张仲景治心下坚大如
盘，水饮所作，枳实术汤主之。枳实七枚，术三两，以水一斗，煎取三升，分三服。腹中软
即
稍减之。又胸痹心中痞坚，留气结胸，胸满，胁下逆气抢心，枳实薤白桂汤主之。陈枳实四
枚，浓朴四两，薤白半斤，切，栝蒌一枚，桂一两，以水五升，先煎枳实、浓朴，取二升去
滓，内余药于汤中，煎三两沸，分温三服，当愈。又有橘皮枳实汤，桂生姜枳实汤，皆主胸
痹心痛。葛洪治卒胸痹痛，单用枳实一物，捣末服方寸匕，日三夜一。其根皮治大便下血，
末服之，亦可煮汁常饮。又治卒中急风，身直不得屈伸反复者，刮取枳木皮屑，谓之枳茹一
升，酒一升，渍一宿，服五合，至尽，再作，良。
\r山茱萸\ph338.bmp\r，生汉中山谷及琅邪冤句东海承县，今海州亦有之。木高丈余，
叶似榆，花白；子初
熟
未干，赤色，似胡颓子，有核；亦可啖，既干；皮甚薄；九月、十月采实，阴干。吴普云∶
一名鼠矢，叶如梅有刺毛。二月花如杏，四月实如酸枣，赤，五月采实，与此小异也。旧说
当合核为用。而《雷 炮炙论》云∶子一斤，去核取肉皮用，只秤成四两半。其核八棱者名
雀儿苏，别是一物，不可用也。
枳实，生长在河内的川泽地带。枳壳，生长在商州的川谷中，如今京西、江湖各州郡都有出产，其中以商州产的质量最佳。其形态像橘子但较小，树高约五到七尺，叶子像枨树，多刺，春天开白花，到秋天结果实。九月、十月采收，阴干。旧时说七月、八月采收的称为枳实；九月、十月采收的称为枳壳。现在的医家多以皮厚而小的作为枳实；完整且大的作为枳壳，都以翻卷如盆口唇状、且陈放久远的品质更好。近道所出的品种，俗称为臭橘，不堪药用。张仲景治疗心下坚硬大如盘，由水饮所致，用枳实术汤主治。枳实七枚，白术三两，用水一斗，煎取三升，分三次服用。腹部变软后，就稍微减少剂量。又有胸痹心中痞塞坚硬，气结于胸，胸满，胁下逆气冲心，用枳实薤白桂枝汤主治。陈枳实四枚，厚朴四两，薤白半斤，切碎，栝蒌一枚，桂枝一两，用水五升，先煎枳实、厚朴，取二升去渣，加入其余药物在药汤中，再煎煮两三沸，分温三次服用，应当痊愈。还有橘皮枳实汤，桂生姜枳实汤，都主治胸痹心痛。葛洪治疗突然发作的胸痹痛，单用枳实一味药，捣成末，每次服一方寸匕，每天三次，夜间一次。其根皮治疗大便下血，研末服用，也可以煮汁常饮。又治疗卒中急风，身体僵硬不能屈伸翻转者，刮取枳树木皮屑，称为枳茹一升，酒一升，浸泡一夜，服用五合，直到喝完，再次制作，效果良好。
山茱萸，生长在汉中的山谷及琅邪冤句、东海承县，如今海州也有出产。树高一丈多，叶子像榆树，花白色；果实初熟未干时呈赤色，像胡颓子，有核；也可以食用，干燥后皮很薄；九月、十月采收果实，阴干。吴普说：又名鼠矢，叶子像梅树但有刺毛。二月开花像杏花，四月果实像酸枣，红色，五月采收果实，与此略有不同。旧说应当连同核一起使用。而《雷公炮炙论》说：子一斤，去核取肉和皮使用，只称得四两半。其核有八棱的称为雀儿苏，是另一种东西，不可用。
Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange), grows in the rivers and marshes of Henei. Zhi Qiao (Ripe Bitter Orange), grows in the valleys of Shangzhou; currently, it is available in all prefectures of Jingxi and Jianghu, with those from Shangzhou being the best. It resembles a tangerine but is smaller, with a tree height of five to seven chi. The leaves resemble those of Cheng (Citrus aurantium var. ponciriformis), are thorny, produce white flowers in spring, and bear fruit in autumn. Harvested in September and October, dried in the shade. Old texts state that fruits harvested in July and August are called Zhi Shi; those harvested in September and October are called Zhi Qiao. Current practitioners generally use thick-skinned and small fruits as Zhi Shi, and complete, large fruits as Zhi Qiao. The preferred quality is characterized by an inverted shape resembling the rim of a basin or lips, and aged for a long time. Varieties produced in nearby regions are colloquially called "stinking tangerines" and are unsuitable for medicinal use. Zhang Zhongjing treated cases of hardness and fullness in the epigastrium like a plate, caused by fluid retention, using Zhi Shi Zhu Tang (Immature Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Decoction). Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange) 7 pieces, Bai Zhu (White Atractylodes Rhizome) 3 liang, decocted in one dou of water to yield three sheng, divided into three doses. Reduce the dose slightly once the abdomen becomes soft. For chest bi syndrome with palpable hardness in the heart region, qi stagnation in the chest, chest fullness, and rebellious qi from the hypochondrium rushing to the heart, Zhi Shi Xie Bai Gui Zhi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange, Macrostemon, and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is indicated. Chen Jiu Zhi Shi (Aged Immature Bitter Orange) 4 pieces, Hou Po (Magnolia Bark) 4 liang, Xie Bai (Macrostemon Bulb) 0.5 jin, sliced, Gua Lou (Trichosanthes Fruit) 1 piece, Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig) 1 liang. Decoct in five sheng of water; first decoct Zhi Shi and Hou Po to obtain two sheng, discard the dregs, then add the remaining herbs and boil for two or three boils. Divide into three warm doses; recovery is expected. There are also Ju Pi Zhi Shi Tang (Tangerine Peel and Immature Bitter Orange Decoction) and Gui Jiang Sheng Zhi Shi Tang (Cinnamon, Ginger, and Immature Bitter Orange Decoction), both indicating chest bi and heart pain. Ge Hong treated sudden chest bi pain by using only Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange), ground into powder, taken as one fang cun bi per dose, three times daily and once at night. The root bark treats hematochezia; take as powder or decoct for regular drinking. It also treats acute wind stroke where the body is straight and cannot bend or stretch; scrape the bark of Zhi Mu (Bitter Orange Tree) to obtain Zhi Ru (Bitter Orange Bark Powder) one sheng, soak in one sheng of wine overnight, take five he, until finished, repeat preparation if necessary, which is effective.
Zhi Qiao (Ripe Bitter Orange), see details under the entry for Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange).
Shan Zhu Yu (Cornus Officinalis Fruit), grows in the valleys of Hanzhong, Yuanju of Langya, and Cheng County of Donghai; currently available in Haizhou. The tree is over one zhang high, leaves resemble elm, flowers are white; when the fruit is freshly ripe but not dry, it is red, resembling Hu Tui Zi (Elaeagnus), with a core; it is edible. When dry, the skin is very thin. Harvest the fruit in September and October, dry in the shade. Wu Pu stated: Also known as Shu Shi (Rat Dropping), leaves resemble plum but have prickly hairs. Flowers in February like apricot; fruit in April like sour jujube, red; harvest the fruit in May, which differs slightly from the above. Old texts suggest using the fruit with the core. However, Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun (Lei Gong's Treatise on Processing of Chinese Materia Medica) states: Take one jin of fruit, remove the core, use the flesh and skin, weighing only four liang and half. The core with eight ridges is called Que Er Su (Sparrow's Food), which is a different substance and should not be used.