\r龙骨\ph397.bmp\r并齿、角，出晋地川谷及泰山岩水岸土穴中死龙处，今河东州郡
多有之。或云是龙蜕，
实非死骨，得脊脑，作白地锦文，舐之着舌者良。齿小强，犹有齿形，角强而实。采无时。
李肇国《史补》云∶春水时至，鱼登龙门，蜕其骨甚多，人采以为药，而有五色者。《本经
》云出晋地，龙门又是晋地，岂今所谓龙骨者，乃此鱼之骨乎？或云骨有雄、雌，细纹而广
者，是雌；粗纹而狭者，是雄。凡入药，五色具者，尤佳，黄白色者次，黑色者下，皆不得
经落不净处，则不堪用。骨齿医家常用，角亦稀使。惟深师五邪丸用龙角，又云无角用齿。
《千金方》治心，有兼用龙齿、龙齿角者。韦丹疗心热风痫，取烂龙角浓研取汁，食上服二
大合，日再。然则龙角有烂者，此物大抵世所稀有。孙光宪《北梦琐言》云∶石晋时镇州接
邢台界，尝斗杀一龙，乡豪有曹宽者见之，取其双角，角前有一物如蓝色，纹文如乱锦，人
莫
之识。曹宽未经年，为寇所杀，镇帅俄亦被诛。又云∶海上人言龙每生二卵，一为吉吊，吉
吊多与鹿游，或于水边遗沥，值流槎，则粘着木枝，如蒲槌状，其色微青黄，复似灰色，号
紫梢花，坐汤多用之。《延龄至宝方》治聋，无问年月者，取吉吊脂，每日点半杏仁许，入
耳中便瘥。云此物福建州甚不为难得，其脂须琉璃瓶子盛，更以樟木合重贮之，不尔则透气
，失之矣。又《箧中方》女经积年不通，必治之。用龙胎、瓦松、景天三物各少许，都以水
两盏，煎取一盏，去滓，分温二服，少顷，腹中转动，便下龙胎。古今方不见用者，人亦鲜
识。本方注云∶此物出蜀中山涧大水中，大类干鱼鳞，投药煎时甚腥臊，方家稀所闻见，虽
并非要药，然昔人曾用，世当有识者，因附于此，以示广记耳。
龙骨（古代大型哺乳动物的化石骨骼），连同其牙齿和角，出产于晋地的河谷以及泰山岩石岸边土壤洞穴中死龙所在之处，如今河东道的各州郡多有出产。有人说这是龙蜕皮留下的，实际上并非真正的死骨，而是得到了龙的脊骨和脑骨，呈现出白色底子上带有锦缎般的花纹，用舌头舔舐时能粘住舌头的才是佳品。牙齿细小而坚硬，仍保留着牙齿的形状；角坚硬且实心。采集没有固定的时间限制。李肇在《国史补》中说：春水涨发时，鱼跃过龙门，蜕落的骨头很多，人们采集它们作为药材，其中有五种颜色的。《神农本草经》说龙骨出产于晋地，而龙门又位于晋地，难道现在所谓的龙骨，其实是这种鱼的骨头吗？有人说龙骨有雄、雌之分，纹理细密而宽阔的是雌性；纹理粗糙而狭窄的是雄性。凡是入药用的，五色俱全的尤为好，黄白色的次之，黑色的较差，都不得经过不洁净的地方沾染，否则就不能使用。骨和齿是医生常使用的，角也较少使用。只有深师的五邪丸中使用龙角，又说如果没有角可以用齿代替。《千金方》治疗心脏疾病，有同时使用龙齿和龙角的。韦丹治疗心热风痫症，取腐烂的龙角浓研磨取汁液，饭后服用两大合，每天两次。既然这样，那么龙角有腐烂的情况，这种物质大抵世间稀有。孙光宪在《北梦琐言》中说：后晋时期，镇州与邢台交界的地方，曾经斗杀了一条龙，当地豪强曹宽看到了，取下了它的两只角，角前面有一个像蓝色的东西，纹路像乱锦一样，人们都不认识它。曹宽不到一年，被盗贼杀害，镇守的将领不久也被诛杀。又说：海上的人说龙每次生两个卵，其中一个孵化为吉吊（一种神话生物或特定动物），吉吊多与鹿群游动，有时在水边留下分泌物，遇到流动的浮木，就粘附在树枝上，形状像蒲团槌，颜色微青黄，又有点像灰色，称为紫梢花，坐浴汤剂中多用此物。《延龄至宝方》治疗耳聋，不论患病多久，取吉吊的油脂，每天取半粒杏仁大小的量，放入耳中即可痊愈。说这种物质福建各州并不难得，其油脂必须用琉璃瓶盛装，再用樟木盒重重密封储存，不然就会透气，导致药效丧失。另外，《箧中方》记载女子月经多年不通，必须治疗。使用龙胎、瓦松、景天三样药物各少许，都用两盏水，煎取一盏，去掉药渣，分两次温服，过了一会儿，腹中转动，就会排出龙胎。古今医方中不见使用，人们也很少认识。本方注释说：这种物质出产于蜀中山涧的大水中，大类干鱼的鳞片，投入药物煎煮时非常腥臊，医家很少听说见过，虽然并不是重要的药物，然而古人曾用过，世上应当有认识的人，因此附录在这里，以表示广泛记录罢了。
Qumu (Cortex Ailanthi), see the entry under Chunmu (Cortex Toosendan).
Longgu (Fossil bones of ancient large mammals), along with their teeth and horns, are produced in river valleys of Jin region and in soil caves at the rocky shores of Mount Tai where dead dragons were located. Currently, they are abundant in various prefectures of Hedong Circuit. Some claim they are shed skins of dragons, but in reality, they are not true dead bones; rather, they are obtained from the dragon's spinal column and brain bone, displaying a white background with brocade-like patterns. Those that adhere to the tongue when licked are considered superior. The teeth are small and hard, retaining the shape of teeth; the horns are hard and solid. There is no fixed time for collection. Li Zhao stated in *Guoshi Bu* (Supplement to the History of the State): "When spring waters rise, fish leap over the Dragon Gate, shedding many bones. People collect them as medicine, some exhibiting five colors." *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) states that Longgu originates from Jin region, and since Longmen (Dragon Gate) is also in Jin, could it be that the so-called Longgu today are actually the bones of these fish? It is said that Longgu has male and female distinctions: those with fine and broad textures are female; those with coarse and narrow textures are male. For medicinal use, specimens possessing all five colors are best, followed by yellowish-white ones, while black ones are inferior. They must not come into contact with unclean places, otherwise they become unusable. Bones and teeth are commonly used by physicians, while horns are rarely used. Only Shen Shi's *Wuxie Wan* (Five Evils Pill) uses dragon horn, stating that if horns are unavailable, teeth may be substituted. *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) for treating heart conditions includes the combined use of Longchi (Dragon Teeth) and Longjiao (Dragon Horns). Wei Dan treated wind-heat epilepsy affecting the heart by taking rotten dragon horns, grinding them thickly to extract juice, administering two large *he* (ancient unit of volume) after meals, twice daily. Thus, rotten dragon horns exist, indicating this substance is generally rare in the world. Sun Guangxian wrote in *Beimeng Suoyan* (Gossip from the Northern Dream): "During the Later Jin period, on the border between Zhenzhou and Xingtai, a dragon was fought to death. A local wealthy man named Cao Kuan saw it and took its pair of horns. In front of the horns was an object resembling blue color, with patterns like chaotic brocade, which no one recognized. Less than a year later, Cao Kuan was killed by bandits, and the military governor of Zhenzhou was soon executed." It is also said: "People from the sea say that dragons lay two eggs each time; one hatches into Jidiao (a mythical creature or specific animal). Jidiao often associates with deer. Sometimes it leaves secretions by the water, which stick to floating driftwood, forming shapes like rush-mat pestles. Their color is slightly greenish-yellow, resembling grey, known as Zishaohua (Purple Tip Flower), frequently used in sitz bath decoctions." *Yanling Zhibao Fang* (Prescription for Prolonging Life and Treasuring Treasure) for treating deafness, regardless of duration, suggests using Jidiao fat. Take an amount equivalent to half an almond grain daily, insert into the ear, and the condition will improve. It is claimed that this substance is not difficult to obtain in Fujian prefectures. Its fat must be stored in glass bottles and further sealed in camphor wood boxes; otherwise, it will lose potency due to air exposure. Additionally, *Qiefang Zhong* (Prescriptions in the Chest Box) records treatment for women whose menstruation has been absent for years, requiring intervention. Use small amounts of Longtai (Dragon Fetus), Wasong (Moss growing on roof tiles), and Jingtian (Sedum aizoon). Decoct three ingredients in two *zhan* (ancient unit of volume) of water until one *zhan* remains. Remove dregs and divide into two warm doses. After a short while, abdominal movement occurs, and Longtai is expelled. This prescription is not seen in ancient or modern formularies, and few people recognize it. The note for this formula states: "This substance comes from large streams in mountain ravines of Shu. It resembles dried fish scales. When added to decoctions, it emits a strong fishy and musky odor. Physicians rarely hear of or see it. Although not an essential drug, ancients did use it. There should be those who recognize it in the world. Therefore, it is appended here to demonstrate comprehensive recording."