\r泽兰\ph186.bmp\r，生汝南诸大泽旁，今荆、徐、随、寿、蜀、梧州、河中府皆有
之。根紫黑色，如粟根
；二月生苗，高二、三尺；茎秆青紫色，作四棱；叶生相对，如薄荷，微香；七月开花，带
紫白色，萼通紫色，亦似薄荷花。三月采苗，阴干。荆湖、岭南人家多种之。寿州出者无花
子。此与兰草大抵相类，但兰草生水旁，叶光润，阴小紫，五、六月盛。而泽兰生水泽中，
及下湿地，叶尖，微有毛，不光润，方茎紫节，七月、八月初采，微辛，此为异耳。今妇人
方中最急用也。又有一种马兰，生水泽旁，颇似泽兰，而气臭味辛，亦主破血，补金创，断
下血。陈藏器以为《楚辞》所喻恶草即是也，北人呼为紫菊，以其花似菊也。又有一种山兰
，生山侧，似刘寄奴，叶无桠，不对生，花心微黄赤，亦能破血，皆可用。
\r地榆\ph187.bmp\r，生桐柏及冤句山谷，今处处有之。宿根三月内生，苗初生布地，
茎直，高三、四尺；
对分出叶，叶似榆少狭，细长，作锯齿状，青色；七月开花如椹子，紫黑色；根外黑里红，
似柳根。二月、八月采，曝干。叶不用，山人乏茗时，采此叶作饮亦好，古断下方多用之。
葛氏载徐平疗下血二十年者，取地榆、鼠尾草各三两、水二升，煮半，顿服。不断水渍屋尘
，饮一小杯投之，不过重作乃愈。小儿疳痢，亦单煮汁如饴糖，与服便已。又毒蛇螫人，捣
新根，取汁饮，兼以渍疮良。崔元亮《海上方》，赤白下骨立者，地榆一斤，水三升，煮取
一升半，去滓，再煎如稠饧，绞滤，空腹服三合，日再。
泽兰，生长在汝南各大沼泽旁边，如今在荆、徐、随、寿、蜀、梧州、河中府等地都有生长。根部呈紫黑色，形状像粟米的根；二月生出苗芽，高度二、三尺；茎秆呈青紫色，呈四棱形；叶子相对生长，形状像薄荷，气味微香；七月开花，花色带紫白色，花萼通体紫色，也像是薄荷的花。三月采集苗叶，阴干。荆湖、岭南地区的人家多种植它。寿州出产的没有花和种子。这种植物与兰草大体相似，但兰草生长在水边，叶片光滑润泽，颜色偏小且带紫意，五、六月间茂盛。而泽兰生长在水泽中及低湿之地，叶片尖端，微有绒毛，不光滑润泽，茎方形且有紫色节，七月、八月初采集，味道微辛，这是它们的不同之处。如今在妇女用药方中是最急需使用的药材。又有一种马兰，生长在水泽旁边，很像泽兰，但气味臭味辛辣，也能主治破血（消散瘀血），补益金创（金属利器造成的创伤），止住下部的出血。陈藏器认为《楚辞》中所比喻的恶草就是它，北方人叫它紫菊，因为花朵像菊花。又有一种山兰，生长在山侧，形状像刘寄奴，叶子不分叉，不对生，花心微黄赤色，也能破血，都可以使用。
地榆，生长在桐柏及冤句的山谷中，如今到处都有生长。宿根在三月内生出新苗，幼苗初生时铺在地上，茎直立，高三、四尺；对分长出叶子，叶子像榆树但稍狭长，细长，呈锯齿状，青色；七月开花像桑葚子，紫黑色；根部外面黑里面红，像柳树的根。二月、八月采集，晒干。叶子不用，山中人缺乏茶茗时，采集这种叶子做饮品也很好，古代治疗下部出血的方剂中多用此药。葛氏记载徐平治疗下部出血二十年的患者，取地榆、鼠尾草各三两、水二升，煮至一半量，一次性服用。如果不间断地用水浸泡屋尘，喝一小杯投入其中，不过几次重复就能痊愈。小儿疳痢（小儿营养不良伴腹泻），也单独煮汁如饴糖般浓稠，给患儿服用即可痊愈。又有毒蛇咬伤人，捣碎新根，取汁饮用，兼以涂抹疮口效果良好。崔元亮《海上方》中，治疗赤白痢疾导致身体极度消瘦的患者，用地榆一斤，水三升，煮取一升半，去掉渣滓，再煎煮成稠厚的糖浆状，过滤，空腹服用三合，每日两次。
Zelan (Lycopus lucidus var. hirtus), grows beside the large marshes of Runan. It is now found in Jing, Xu, Sui, Shou, Shu, Wuzhou, and Hezhong Prefecture. The root is purple-black, resembling the root of millet; seedlings emerge in the second lunar month, reaching a height of two to three chi; the stem is green-purple and quadrangular; leaves grow opposite each other, resembling Mint (Bohe, 薄荷), with a slight fragrance; flowers bloom in the seventh lunar month, appearing purplish-white, with purple calyxes, also resembling Mint flowers. Seedlings are harvested in the third lunar month and dried in the shade. Households in Jinghu and Lingnan regions often cultivate it. Those from Shouzhou produce no flowers or seeds. This herb is generally similar to Lancao (Agastache rugosa), but Lancao grows by water edges, has smooth and glossy leaves, appears slightly smaller with a purplish tint, and thrives in the fifth and sixth lunar months. In contrast, Zelan grows in marshes and low-lying wetlands, has pointed leaves with slight hairs, lacks glossiness, has square stems with purple nodes, is harvested in early seventh and eighth lunar months, and tastes slightly pungent; these are the differences. It is currently one of the most urgently needed herbs in prescriptions for women. There is also a variety called Malan (Kalimeris indica), which grows beside water marshes, closely resembling Zelan, but has a pungent and slightly foul odor. It also treats blood stasis (breaking blood), aids healing of metallic wounds, and stops lower bleeding. Chen Cangqi believed that the "evil grass" mentioned in Chu Ci refers to this plant; northerners call it Zijü (Purple Chrysanthemum) because its flowers resemble chrysanthemums. Another variety, Shanlan, grows on mountain sides, resembles Liu Jinu (Artemisia annua or related species), has unbranched leaves that do not grow oppositely, and has slightly yellow-red flower centers; it also breaks blood and can be used.
Malan: Textual details are appended under the Zelan entry.
Diyu (Sanguisorba officinalis), grows in the valleys of Tongbai and Yuanju, and is now found everywhere. The perennial root sends up new shoots in the third lunar month; young seedlings spread along the ground, with upright stems reaching three to four chi in height; leaves grow in opposite pairs, resembling Elm leaves but narrower and longer, slender, serrated, and green; flowers bloom in the seventh lunar month, resembling mulberries, dark purple-black; roots are black externally and red internally, resembling Willow roots. Harvested in the second and eighth lunar months and sun-dried. Leaves are not typically used medicinally, but when mountain dwellers lack tea, they harvest these leaves as a beverage, which is also good. Ancient formulas for stopping lower bleeding frequently use this herb. Ge Shi recorded that Xu Ping treated a patient with twenty years of lower bleeding by taking Diyü and Shuweicao (Caryopteris incana) each three liang, with two sheng of water, boiled down to half, taken in one dose. If continuous exposure to water-soaked house dust occurs, drinking a small cup of the infusion mixed with it will cure the condition after a few repetitions. For pediatric ganli (childhood malnutrition with dysentery), boiling the herb alone into a syrup-like consistency and administering it cures the condition. For snakebites, fresh roots are crushed, juice extracted and drunk, and applied to the wound, which is effective. Cui Yuanliang's Haishang Fang prescribes for severe bloody and white dysentery causing emaciation: one jin of Diyü boiled in three sheng of water until reduced to one and a half sheng, strained, then further concentrated into a thick syrup, filtered, and taken three he on an empty stomach, twice daily.