\r知母\ph154.bmp\r，生河内川谷，今濒河诸郡及解州、滁州亦有之。根黄色，似菖
蒲而柔润；叶至难死，
掘出随生，须燥乃止；四月开青花如韭花；八月结实。二
月、八月采根，暴干用。《尔雅》谓之 （徒南切），又谓之 （直林切）藩是也。《肘后方》
用此一物，治溪毒大胜。其法连根叶捣作散服之，亦可投水捣绞汁，饮一、二升。夏月出行
，多取此屑自随。欲入水，先取少许投水上流，便无畏。兼辟射工。亦可和水作汤浴之，甚
佳。
\r贝母\ph155.bmp\r，生晋地，今河中、江陵府、郢、寿、随、郑、蔡、润、滁州皆
有之。根有瓣子，黄白
色，如聚贝子，故名贝母。二月生苗，茎细，青色；叶亦青，似荞麦叶，随苗出；七月开花
，碧绿色，形如鼓子花。八月采根，晒干。又云∶四月蒜熟时采之，良。此有数种。《 诗
》
∶言采其 （音虻）。陆机疏云∶贝母也。其叶如栝蒌而细小。其子在根下，如芋子，正白，
四方连累相着，有分解。今近道出者正类此。郭璞注《尔雅》云∶白花叶似韭，此种罕复见
之。此药亦治恶疮。《唐人记其事》云∶江左尝有商人，左膊上有疮，如人面，亦无它苦。
商人戏滴酒口中，其面亦赤色。以物食之，亦能食，食多则觉膊内肉胀起。或不食之，则一
臂痹。有善医者，教其历试诸药，金石草木之类，悉试之无苦。至贝母，其疮乃聚眉闭口。
商人喜曰∶此药可治也。因以小苇筒毁其口，灌之，数日成痂遂愈，然不知何疾也。谨按《
本经》主金疮，此岂金疮之类欤？
知母，生长在河内川谷地带，如今在沿河的各郡以及解州、滁州也有生长。其根呈黄色，形状像菖蒲但质地柔润；叶子极难枯死，挖掘出来后随即重新生长，必须经过干燥处理才会停止生长；四月开出青花，形状像韭菜花；八月结出果实。二月和八月采集根部，晒干后使用。《尔雅》中称它为“（徒南切）”，又称之为“（直林切）”。《肘后备急方》中使用这一味药，治疗溪毒效果显著。具体方法是连根带叶捣碎成粉末服用，也可以投入水中捣碎绞取汁液，饮用一升或二升。夏季出行时，人们常携带这种药屑。想要下水时，先取少许投在水流上游，便无所畏惧。同时也能抵御射工虫的侵害。也可以加水煎汤沐浴，效果很好。
贝母，生长在晋地，如今河中府、江陵府、郢州、寿州、随州、郑州、蔡州、润州、滁州都有生长。其根有瓣状结构，黄白色，像聚集在一起的贝子，因此得名贝母。二月长出苗茎，茎细长，青色；叶子也是青色，形状像荞麦叶，随着苗茎长出；七月开花，碧绿色，形状像鼓子花。八月采集根部，晒干。又有说法称：在四月大蒜成熟时采集，效果更佳。贝母有好几种。《诗经》中说：“言采其（音虻）。”陆机的疏解说：这是贝母。它的叶子像栝蒌但较小。它的子在根下，像芋头一样，纯白色，四方相连累附着，有分解的趋势。如今近处出产的正是类似这种情况。郭璞注释《尔雅》说：白花叶似韭，这种品种现在很少见到了。此药也能治疗恶疮。《唐人记其事》记载：江东曾经有个商人，左臂上有个疮，像人脸一样，也没有其他痛苦。商人开玩笑往疮口滴酒，那个“脸”也变红了。用东西喂它，它也能吃，吃得多了就觉得手臂里的肉胀起来。如果不喂它，整条手臂就会麻木。有位擅长医术的人，教他逐一尝试各种药物，金石草木之类都试过了，都没有不良反应。到了贝母，那个疮就皱起眉毛闭上嘴。商人高兴地说：这药可以治疗啊。于是用小芦苇筒撬开它的嘴灌药，几天后结成痂便痊愈了，然而不知道是什么病。谨按《神农本草经》主治金疮，这难道是金疮一类吗？
**Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 知母)**
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma grows in the river valleys of Henei. Currently, it is also found in various counties along the river, as well as in Jiezhou and Chuzhou. The rhizome is yellowish in color, resembling Acorus tatarinowii Rhizoma (Changpu, 菖蒲) but with a soft and moist texture; its leaves are extremely difficult to kill—after excavation, they sprout anew until they dry out. In April, it produces blue flowers resembling Allium tuberosum Flowers (Jiucai Hua, 韭菜花); in August, it bears fruit. The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun for use. *Erya* refers to it as "Tunánqiè" (徒南切), and also as "Zhílínqiè" (直林切). *Zhouhou Fang* uses this single herb to treat "stream poison" (Xidu, 溪毒) with great efficacy. The method involves crushing the whole plant, including roots and leaves, into a powder for oral administration. Alternatively, it can be crushed in water, squeezed to extract juice, and one to two sheng consumed. During summer travels, people often carry this powdered form with them. When intending to enter water, taking a small amount and throwing it upstream renders one fearless. It also repels the "shegong" (a mythical venomous creature). It can also be used to make a decoction for bathing, which is very effective.
**Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (Beimu, 贝母)**
Beimu grows in the region of Jin. Currently, it is found in Hezhong Prefecture, Jiangling Prefecture, Yngzhou, Shouzhou, Suizhou, Zhengzhou, Caizhou, Runzhou, and Chuzhou. The bulb consists of distinct scales, yellowish-white in color, resembling clustered shells, hence the name Beimu. Seedlings emerge in February; the stem is slender and green. The leaves are also green, resembling Fagopyrum esculentum Leaves (Qiaomai Ye, 荞麦叶), emerging with the stem. It flowers in July with dark green blossoms shaped like Calystegia hederacea Flowers (Guzi Hua, 鼓子花). The roots are harvested in August and dried. Another account states that harvesting when garlic ripens in April is superior. There are several varieties. The *Classic of Poetry* mentions: "Gathering its [herb]." Lu Ji's commentary clarifies: This is Beimu. Its leaves resemble Trichosanthes Kirilowii Root (Gualou, 栝蒌) but are smaller. The bulbs grow beneath the root, resembling taro, pure white, connected in four directions, with a tendency to separate. Current local produce closely resembles this description. Guo Pu's annotation of *Erya* states: White flowers with leaves resembling Allium tuberosum; this variety is rarely seen today. This herb also treats malignant sores. *Records of Tang People* recounts: A merchant in Jiangzuo once had a sore on his left upper arm that resembled a human face, causing no other discomfort. The merchant jokingly dripped wine into the "mouth" of the sore, and the face turned red. Feeding it food allowed it to eat; excessive consumption caused swelling in the arm flesh. If not fed, the entire arm became numb. A skilled physician advised him to test various herbs, minerals, and plants, all of which caused no adverse reactions. Upon administering Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, the sore furrowed its brows and closed its mouth. The merchant rejoiced, saying, "This herb can cure it." He then used a small reed tube to pry open the mouth and administer the drug. After several days, a scab formed, and it healed, though the nature of the disease remained unknown. According to the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, this herb primarily treats metallic wounds (Jinchuang, 金疮). Could this be a type of metallic wound?