\r升麻\ph99.bmp\r，生益州川谷，今蜀汉、陕西、淮南州郡皆有之，以蜀川者为胜。
春生苗，高三尺以来
；叶似麻叶，并青色；四月、五月着花，似粟穗，白色；六月以后结实，黑色；根紫如蒿根
，多须。二月、八月采，曝干。今医家以治咽喉肿痛，口舌生疮，解伤寒头痛，凡肿毒之属
殊效。细锉一两，水一升，煎炼取浓汁，服之，入口即吐出毒瓦斯，蜀人多用之。杨炎《南行
方》，疗 疽汤，用升麻，又有升麻膏、升麻 汤，并疗诸丹毒等。石泉公王方庆《岭南方
》∶服乳石补壅法云∶南方养生治病，无过丹砂。其方用升麻末三两，研炼了，光明砂一两
，二物相合，蜜丸如梧子，每日食后服三丸。又有七物升麻丸，升麻、犀角、黄芩、朴硝、
栀子、大黄各二两，豉二升，微熬，同捣散，蜜丸。觉四肢大热，大便难，即服三十丸，取
微利为知。若四肢小热，于食上服二十丸，非但辟瘴，兼甚明目。
\r柴胡\ph100.bmp\r，生洪农山谷及冤句，今关陕、江湖间近道皆有之，以银州者为
胜。二月生苗，甚香。
茎青紫，叶似竹叶，稍紧；亦有似斜蒿；亦有似麦门冬而短者。七月开黄花，生丹州结
青子
，与他处者不类；根赤色，似前胡而强，芦头有赤毛如鼠尾，独窠长者好。二月、八月采根
，曝干。张仲景治伤寒∶有大、小柴胡及柴胡加龙骨，柴胡加芒硝等汤，故后人治寒热，此
为最要之药。
升麻，生长于益州的川谷地带，如今蜀汉、陕西、淮南各州郡都有出产，其中以四川产的质量最佳。
春季生出苗株，高度在三尺左右；叶子形状像大麻叶，颜色呈青色；四月、五月开花，花序像粟米穗，颜色为白色；六月以后结果实，颜色为黑色；根部呈紫色，类似蒿菜的根，须根较多。二月和八月采收，晒干。现在的医生用它来治疗咽喉肿痛、口舌生疮，解除伤寒引起的头痛，对于各类肿毒也有显著疗效。将药材细锉一两，加水一升，煎煮浓缩取汁服用，药液入口即可吐出毒气，四川人常用此法。杨炎《南行方》中的疗疽汤使用了升麻，此外还有升麻膏、升麻汤，均用于治疗各种丹毒等症。石泉公王方庆《岭南方》中记载服用乳石后的补壅方法说：南方养生治病，没有超过丹砂的。该方用升麻末三两，研磨炼制后，加入光明砂一两，两物混合，用蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药，每日饭后服三丸。另有七物升麻丸，由升麻、犀角、黄芩、朴硝、栀子、大黄各二两，豉二升，微炒后共同捣碎成散剂，再用蜜制丸。若感觉四肢大热、大便困难，就服用三十丸，以轻微腹泻为见效标志。若四肢仅有轻微发热，则在进食时服用二十丸，不仅能辟除瘴气，还能极大地明目。
柴胡，生长在弘农的山谷及冤句，如今关陕、江湖地区靠近道路的地方都有出产，其中以银州产的质量最佳。二月生出苗株，气味很香。
茎呈青紫色，叶子形状像竹叶，稍显紧窄；也有像斜蒿的；也有像麦门冬但较短的。七月开黄花，丹州结出的果实为青色，与其他地方产的不一样；根部呈赤色，类似前胡但质地更强壮，芦头有红色的毛状物像鼠尾，单独一株且较长的品质较好。二月和八月采收根部，晒干。张仲景治疗伤寒时，有大、小柴胡汤以及柴胡加龙骨汤、柴胡加芒硝汤等，所以后人治疗寒热往来症状，此药是最关键的药物。
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), its detailed description is found under the entry for Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix).
Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) grows in the river valleys of Yizhou. Currently, it is produced in Shuhan, Shaanxi, and Huainan prefectures, with those from Sichuan being considered superior.
Seedlings emerge in spring, reaching a height of about three chi; the leaves resemble hemp leaves and are greenish-blue; flowers appear in April and May, resembling millet spikes, and are white; fruits mature after June and are black; the root is purplish, similar to Artemisia roots, with many fibrous roots. It is harvested in February and August and dried in the sun. Modern physicians use it to treat sore throat and swelling, mouth and tongue sores, and headache caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage disease); it is also highly effective for various types of swelling and toxicity. One qian of finely chopped herb is boiled in one sheng of water until a concentrated decoction is obtained. Upon ingestion, it induces vomiting of toxic vapors; this method is commonly used by people in Sichuan. In Yang Yan's *Nanxing Fang* (Southern Travel Formulas), the Liaoju Tang (Decoction for Treating Carbuncles) uses Shengma. Additionally, Shengma Gao (Ointment) and Shengma Tang (Decoction) are used to treat various forms of erysipelas (Dan Du). Wang Fangqing, Duke of Shiquan, in his *Lingnan Fang* (Formulas of Lingnan), describes a method for counteracting the clogging effects of taking mineral pills (Rushi): "In the south, no substance surpasses Cinnabar for health preservation and disease treatment." The formula uses three liang of powdered Shengma, refined and ground, mixed with one liang of bright Cinnabar (Guangming Sha). These two ingredients are combined and formed into pills the size of a Chinese quince seed using honey. Three pills are taken after each meal. Another formula, Qi Wu Shengma Wan (Seven-Ingredient Shengma Pill), consists of Shengma, Cornu Rhinocerotis (Xijiao), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Poxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), and Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), each two liang, along with Ersheng of Chi (Fermented Soybean), slightly roasted, then pounded together into a powder and formed into pills with honey. If one feels intense heat in the four limbs and difficulty in defecation, take thirty pills; slight diarrhea indicates efficacy. If there is only mild heat in the four limbs, take twenty pills with meals. This not only wards off miasma but also greatly improves vision.
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) grows in the valleys of Hongnong and Yuanju. Currently, it is available near roads in Guan-Shaan and Jiang-Hu regions, with those from Yinzhou being considered superior. Seedlings emerge in February and have a strong fragrance.
The stem is greenish-purple; the leaves resemble bamboo leaves but are narrower; some resemble Xiehao (Artemisia species); others resemble Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) but are shorter. Yellow flowers bloom in July. Those from Danzhou bear green seeds and differ from those grown elsewhere; the root is reddish, resembling Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) but stronger; the rhizome head has red hairs resembling a rat's tail. Single-clump specimens that are longer are of better quality. The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun. Zhang Zhongjing treated Shanghan (Cold Damage disease) with formulas such as Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction), Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction), Chaihu Jia Longgu Tang (Bupleurum plus Dragon Bone Decoction), and Chaihu Jia Mangxiao Tang (Bupleurum plus Mirabilite Decoction). Therefore, for later generations treating alternating chills and fever, this herb is the most essential medicine.