马牙消，文已具朴消条中。
\r矾石\ph13.bmp\r，生河西山谷及陇西、武都、石门。今白矾则晋州、慈州、无为军，
绿矾则隰州温泉县
、池州铜陵县，并煎矾处出焉。初生皆石也，采得碎之，煎炼乃成矾。凡有五种∶其色各异
，谓白矾、绿矾、黄矾、黑矾、绛矾也。白矾则入药，及染人所用者；绿矾亦入咽喉口齿药
及染色；黄矾丹灶家所须，时亦入药；黑矾惟出西戎，亦谓之皂矾，染须鬓药或用之；绛矾
本来绿色，亦谓之石胆，烧之赤色，故有绛名，今亦稀见。又有矾精、矾蝴蝶，皆炼白矾时
，
候其极沸，盘心有溅溢者，如物飞出，以铁匕接之，作虫形者，矾蝴蝶也，但成块光莹如水
晶者，矾精也。此二种入药，力紧于常矾也。又有一种柳絮矾，亦出矾处有之，煎炼而成轻
虚如棉絮，故以名之。今医家用治痰壅，及心肺烦热甚佳。刘禹锡《传信方》治气痢巴石丸
，取白矾一大斤，以炭火净地烧令汁尽，则其色如雪，谓之巴石。取一大两细研，治以熟猪
肝作丸，空腹饮下丸数随气力加减，水牛肝更佳。如素食人，蒸饼丸之亦通，或云白矾中青
黑者，名巴石。又治蛇咬蝎螫，烧刀子头令赤，以白矾置刀上，看成汁，便热滴咬处，立瘥
，此极神验。得力者数十人。正元十三年，有两僧流向南到邓州，俱有蛇啮，令用此法救之
，敷药了便瘥，更无他苦。又崔氏方治甲疽，或因割甲伤肌，或因甲长侵肉，遂成疮肿痛，
复缘窄靴，研损四边肿 ，黄水出浸淫相染，五指俱烂，渐渐引上脚趺，泡浆四边起，如火
烧疮，日夜倍增，医方所不能疗者，绿矾石五两，形色似朴硝而绿色，取此一物，置于铁板
上，聚炭封之，囊袋吹令火炽，其矾即沸，流出色赤如融金汁者是真也。看沸定汁尽，去火
待冷，取出 为末，色似黄丹，收之。先以盐汤洗疮，拭干，用散敷疮上，惟多为佳。着药
讫，以软帛缓裹，当日即汁断，疮干。若患痛急，即涂少酥，令润，每日一遍，盐汤洗濯，
有脓处，常洗使净，其痂干处不须近。每洗讫，敷药如初。但急痛即涂酥，五日即觉上痂，
渐剥起，亦依前洗敷药，十日即疮渐渐剥尽痂落，软处或更生白脓泡，即捺破敷药，自然总
瘥。刑部张侍郎亲婴此病，卧经六十日，困顿不复可言，京众医并经造问，皆随意处方，无
效验，惟此法得效如神，故录之，以贻好事者。又有皂荚矾，亦入药，或云即绿矾也。《传
信方》治喉痹用之，取皂荚矾入好米醋，或常用酽醋亦通，二物
同研，咽之立瘥。如苦喉中偏一傍痛，即侧卧，就痛处含之，勿咽。云此法出于李谟，甚奇
。黄矾入药，见崔元亮《海上方》灭瘢膏，以黄矾石烧令汁出，胡粉炒令黄，各八分，惟须
细研，以腊月猪脂和，更研如泥，先取生布揩令痛，即用药涂五度，又取鹰粪、白燕窠中草
，烧作灰，等分，和人乳涂之，其瘢自灭，肉平如故。
马牙消（一种结晶形态的芒硝），其内容已在“朴消”（即朴硝）条目中详述。
矾石，原产于河西山谷以及陇西、武都、石门等地。如今所用的白矾产自晋州、慈州、无为军；绿矾产自隰州温泉县、池州铜陵县，这些都是煎炼矾石的产地。矾石最初都是石头，开采后将其捣碎，经过煎炼才制成矾。共有五种：颜色各不相同，分别是白矾、绿矾、黄矾、黑矾、绛矾。白矾用于入药，也是染色工人所用；绿矾也用于咽喉口齿类药物及染色；黄矾是炼丹家所需之物，有时也入药；黑矾只从西戎地区出产，也称为皂矾，染须鬓的药物有时会用到它；绛矾原本呈绿色，也称为石胆，烧制后变为赤色，因此得名绛矾，如今也很少见到。还有矾精、矾蝴蝶，都是在炼制白矾时，等到沸腾至极时，盘心溅溢出的物质，像物体飞出一样，用铁勺接住，形成虫形的叫矾蝴蝶，只是结成块状、光洁晶莹如水晶的叫矾精。这两种入药，效力比普通矾更强劲。又有一种柳絮矾，也在产矾处有之，煎炼而成，质地轻虚如棉絮，因此以此命名。如今医生用它治疗痰壅阻滞，对于心肺烦热效果极佳。刘禹锡《传信方》治疗气痢的巴石丸，取白矾一大斤，用炭火在干净的地面上烧至汁液耗尽，则其颜色如雪，称为巴石。取一大两细研，配合熟猪肝做成丸剂，空腹服用，丸数根据体力增减，用水牛肝制作更佳。如果是素食者，用蒸饼做丸也可以，或者有人说白矾中青黑色的部分，称为巴石。另外治疗蛇咬蝎螫，将刀头烧红，把白矾放在刀上，看其化成汁液，趁热滴在伤口处，立刻痊愈，此法极为神验。受益的有几十人。正元十三年，有两个僧人流放向南到达邓州，都被蛇咬伤，让人用此法救治他们，敷药后立即痊愈，再无其他痛苦。还有崔氏方治疗甲疽，有的因为剪指甲伤及肌肉，有的因为指甲过长侵入肉里，于是形成疮肿疼痛，又因穿窄靴磨损四周肿胀，黄水流出浸淫传染，五指全部烂掉，渐渐蔓延到脚背，水泡浆液四边升起，像火烧的疮一样，日夜倍增，医方无法治疗的，用绿矾石五两，形色类似朴硝但呈绿色，取这一种物品，放在铁板上，聚集炭火包裹封好，用囊袋吹火使其炽热，矾就会沸腾，流出颜色赤红如融化的金汁的是真品。看沸腾停止、汁液耗尽，撤去火源待冷却，取出研为粉末，颜色像黄丹，收藏起来。先用盐汤清洗疮口，擦干，用药粉敷在疮上，越多越好。敷药完毕后，用软布轻轻包扎，当天即可断流汁液，疮口干燥。如果患部疼痛紧急，就涂抹少量酥油，使其滋润，每天一次，用盐汤洗涤，有脓的地方，经常清洗使其干净，结痂干燥处不需要触碰。每次洗完后，像之前一样敷药。只要疼痛紧急就涂酥油，五天就觉得上面结痂，渐渐剥起，也依照前面清洗敷药，十天疮口渐渐剥尽痂落，柔软处或许再生出白色脓泡，就按压破溃敷药，自然全部痊愈。刑部张侍郎亲自患上此病，卧床六十天，困顿得无法言语，京城众医生都前往探视询问，都随意开具处方，没有疗效，只有此法见效如神，所以记录下来，以留给感兴趣的人。又有皂荚矾，也入药，有人说就是绿矾。《传信方》治疗喉痹使用它，取皂荚矾放入好米醋中，或者常用浓醋也可以，两种药物一起研磨，咽下立即痊愈。如果苦于喉咙一边偏侧疼痛，就侧卧，靠近痛处含服，不要咽下。据说此法出自李谟，非常奇特。黄矾入药，见崔元亮《海上方》灭瘢膏，将黄矾石烧至汁液流出，胡粉炒至黄色，各八分，必须细细研磨，用腊月猪脂调和，再研磨如泥状，先取生布擦拭患处直至感到疼痛，然后用药涂抹五次，再取鹰粪、白燕窠中的草，烧成灰，等分，和人乳涂抹，瘢痕自然消失，皮肤恢复平整如初。
Mangxiao (Mirabilite), its detailed description is listed under the entry for Puxiao (Thenardite).
Xiaoshi (Saltpeter), its detailed description is listed under the entry for Puxiao.
Shengxiao (Raw Mirabilite), its detailed description is listed under the entry for Puxiao.
Mayaxiao (Horse-tooth Crystal, a crystalline form of Mangxiao), its content has been fully detailed in the entry for Paxiao (Puxiao).
Fanshi (Alum), originally produced in the valleys of Hexi, as well as Longxi, Wudu, and Shimen. Currently, white alum (Bai Fan) is produced in Jinzhou, Cizhou, and Wuwei Jun; green alum (Lv Fan) is produced in Xizhou Wenquan County and Chizhou Tongling County; these are all places where alum is refined. Initially, they are stones; after mining, they are crushed and then refined into alum. There are five types in total, each with different colors: white alum, green alum, yellow alum, black alum, and crimson alum. White alum is used for medicinal purposes and by dyers; green alum is also used in medicines for the throat, mouth, and teeth, as well as for dyeing; yellow alum is required by alchemists and is sometimes used medicinally; black alum comes only from the Western Regions, also known as zao fan (black alum), and is occasionally used in medicines for dyeing hair and eyebrows; crimson alum was originally green, also known as shidan (copper sulfate), turns red when calcined, hence the name crimson alum, but it is rarely seen today. There are also fanshing (alum essence) and fanhudie (alum butterfly). These are obtained during the refining of white alum when it boils vigorously; splashes on the center of the pan fly out like objects. Catching them with an iron spoon forms insect-like shapes called fanhudie; those that form solid, glassy, crystal-clear lumps are called fanshing. Both are used medicinally and have stronger potency than common alum. Another type is liuxu fan (willow catkin alum), also found in alum-producing areas, formed through refining, light and fluffy like cotton, hence the name. Currently, physicians use it to treat phlegm obstruction, and it is very effective for excessive heat in the heart and lungs. Liu Yuxi's *Chuanxin Fang* treats qi dysentery with Bashishi Wan (Ba Stone Pill): take one large jin of white alum, burn it over clean charcoal fire on the ground until the juices are exhausted, turning it snow-white, called Bashishi. Take one da liang, grind finely, mix with cooked pig liver to make pills, swallow on an empty stomach, adjusting the number of pills according to physical strength; using water buffalo liver is even better. For vegetarians, steamed dough pills are also acceptable. Some say the dark-greenish-black parts of white alum are called Bashishi. Additionally, for snake bites and scorpion stings, heat the head of a knife until red, place white alum on it, melt it into liquid, and drip it hot onto the wound for immediate cure. This method is extremely miraculous, benefiting dozens of people. In the 13th year of Zhengyuan, two monks exiled south reached Dengzhou, both bitten by snakes. They were treated with this method, cured immediately after application, with no other suffering. Also, Cui Shi's formula treats jazu (ungual paronychia/clubbed toe infection), caused by cutting nails too short injuring the flesh or nails growing into the meat, leading to swollen, painful sores. Due to tight boots rubbing the swollen edges, yellow fluid oozes and spreads, rotting all five fingers, gradually extending to the instep, with blisters rising around like burns, worsening day and night, unresponsive to medical treatment. Use five liang of Lv Fanshi (Green Alum), which resembles Puxiao in shape but is green. Place this substance on an iron plate, surround with charcoal, seal with a bag, and blow air to intensify the fire. The alum will boil, flowing out a red liquid resembling molten gold, indicating authenticity. Once boiling stops and juices are exhausted, remove from fire, let cool, take out, and grind into powder, resembling huandan (red lead), and store. First wash the sore with salt water, dry it, apply the powder generously. Cover loosely with soft cloth. The discharge stops and the sore dries on the same day. If pain is urgent, apply a little su (clarified butter) to keep it moist, once daily, washing with salt water. Keep pus-filled areas clean by frequent washing; do not touch dry scabs. After each wash, reapply medicine as before. Apply su if pain is urgent. After five days, scabs begin to peel off. Continue washing and applying medicine. After ten days, scabs fall off completely. If soft spots produce white pus blisters, press them open and apply medicine; natural healing follows. Vice Minister Zhang of the Ministry of Justice personally suffered from this disease, bedridden for sixty days, too weak to speak. Many doctors in the capital visited and prescribed remedies, all ineffective. Only this method worked miraculously, so it is recorded here for those interested. There is also zaojia fan (Gleditsia alum), also used medicinally, some say it is green alum. *Chuanxin Fang* uses it for hou bi (sore throat/laryngeal obstruction): mix zaojia fan with good rice vinegar or strong vinegar, grind together, and swallow for immediate relief. If pain is localized to one side of the throat, lie on the side, hold the mixture near the painful area without swallowing. This method is said to originate from Li Mo and is quite unique. Huangfan (Yellow Alum) is used medicinally, see Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang* Miebcan Gao (Scar-Removing Ointment): calcine Huangfanshi until juices flow, stir-fry hufen (lead carbonate) until yellow, each eight fen, grind finely. Mix with pig fat from the twelfth lunar month, grind into a paste. First rub the area with raw cloth until it feels painful, then apply the medicine five times. Then take eagle droppings and grass from white swallow nests, burn to ash, mix in equal parts with human milk, and apply. Scars will naturally disappear, and skin will return to smoothness.