\r蒺藜子\ph116.bmp\r，生冯翊平泽，或道旁。七月、八月采实，曝干。又冬采。黄
白色，类军家铁蒺藜。
此《诗》所谓墙有茨者。郭璞注《尔雅》云∶布地蔓生，细叶，子有三角，刺人是也。又一
种白蒺藜，今生同州沙苑，牧马草地最多，而近道亦有之。绿叶细蔓，绵布沙上；七月开花
，黄紫色，如豌豆花而小；九月结实，作荚子，便可采。其实味甘而微腥，褐绿色，与蚕种
子相类而差大。又与马 子酷相类，但马 子微大，不堪入药，须细辨之。今人多用。然
古方云蒺藜子，皆用有刺者，治风明目最良。神仙方亦有单饵蒺藜，云不问黑白，但取坚实
者，舂去刺用。兼主痔漏、阴汗及妇人发乳、带下。葛洪治卒中五尸，捣蒺藜子，蜜丸，服
如胡豆二枚，日三，愈。
\r防风\ph117.bmp\r，生沙苑川泽及邯郸上蔡，今京东、淮、浙州郡皆有之。根土黄
色，与蜀葵根相类。茎
叶俱青绿色，茎深而叶淡，似青蒿而短小，初时嫩紫，作菜茹，极爽口。五月开细白花，中
心攒聚，作大房，似莳萝花。实似胡荽而大。二月、十月采根，曝干。关中生者，三月、六
月采。然轻虚不及齐州者良。又有石防风，出河中府，根如蒿根而黄，叶青，花白。五月开
花
，六月采根，曝干。亦疗头风眩痛。又宋亳间及江东出一种防风，其苗初春便生，嫩时红紫
色，彼人以作菜茹，味甚佳。然云动风气。《本经》云∶叶主中风热汗出，与此相反，恐别
是一种耳。
蒺藜子，生长在冯翊的平原地带或沼泽地，也常见于道路两旁。七月、八月采集果实，晒干。也有在冬季采集的。其颜色为黄白色，形状类似军队使用的铁制蒺藜。
这就是《诗经》中所说的“墙有茨”。郭璞在注释《尔雅》时说道：这种植物贴地蔓生，叶子细小，果实有三个角，刺人，指的就是它。又有一种白蒺藜，现在生长在同州的沙苑地区，那里是牧马的草地，数量最多，路边也有生长。它的叶子呈绿色，藤蔓细长，绵延铺在沙地上；七月开花，花色为黄紫色，像豌豆花但较小；九月结果，结成荚果，此时可以采集。其实味甘而略带腥味，颜色为褐绿色，与蚕种相似但稍大一些。又与马蔺子非常相似，只是马蔺子稍大，不适合入药，必须仔细辨别。现在人们多使用这种。然而古方中提到的蒺藜子，都是使用有刺的品种，治疗风邪和明目效果最好。神仙方中也有单用蒺藜食用的记载，说不论黑白，只要选取坚实者，捣碎去掉刺后使用。兼治痔疮漏管、阴部汗出以及妇人乳疾、白带过多。葛洪治疗卒中五尸病，将蒺藜子捣碎，用蜂蜜制成丸药，每次服用如胡豆大小的两枚，每日三次，可愈。
防风，生长在沙苑的川泽地带及邯郸的上蔡，现在京东、淮、浙等地的州郡都有分布。根部呈土黄色，与蜀葵根相似。茎和叶都是青绿色，茎色深而叶色淡，形状像青蒿但更短小，初生时嫩紫色，作为蔬菜食用，味道极爽口。五月开细小的白花，花心聚拢，形成大的花房，类似莳萝花。果实像胡荽（香菜）但更大。二月、十月采集根部，晒干。关中地区生长的，三月、六月采集。然而质地轻虚的不如齐州产的质量好。还有一种石防风，出产于河中府，根像蒿根且呈黄色，叶青色，花白色。五月开花，六月采集根部，晒干。也能治疗头风眩晕疼痛。另外宋亳之间及江东地区出产一种防风，其苗早春便生出，嫩时呈红紫色，当地人将其作为蔬菜食用，味道很好。但据说会动风气。《神农本草经》说：其叶主治中风热汗出，这与上述功效相反，恐怕是另一种植物吧。
Tribuli Fructus (Jili Zi, Tribulus terrestris fruit), grows in the plains and marshes of Fengyi, or by the roadside. The fruits are harvested in July and August and dried in the sun. They can also be harvested in winter. The color is yellowish-white, resembling the iron caltrops used by the military.
This refers to what is mentioned in the *Classic of Poetry* (*Shijing*) as "thorns on the wall." Guo Pu, in his commentary on the *Erya*, stated: "It creeps along the ground, has fine leaves, and its fruits have three angles that pierce people," which describes this plant. There is another variety known as White Tribulus, currently found in Shanyuan, Tongzhou, where it is most abundant in pastures for horses, and also near roads. It has green leaves and slender vines that spread over the sand; it flowers in July with small yellow-purple blossoms similar to pea flowers but smaller; it bears fruit in September in pods, which can then be collected. The fruit tastes sweet with a slight fishy odor, is brownish-green, resembles silkworm eggs but is slightly larger. It is also very similar to the seeds of *Iris lactea* (Ma Lan Zi), but the latter are slightly larger and unsuitable for medicinal use, requiring careful distinction. Currently, people mostly use this variety. However, ancient prescriptions referring to Tribuli Fructus specifically used the thorny variety, which is best for treating wind pathogens and improving vision. Immortal formulas also record single-herb consumption of Tribulus, stating that regardless of color, one should select firm fruits, pound them to remove spines, and use them. It also treats hemorrhoids with fistulas, sweating in the genital area, women's breast diseases, and leukorrhea. Ge Hong treated sudden onset of the "Five Corpse" stroke syndrome by pounding Tribuli Fructus, forming pills with honey, taking two pills the size of broad beans three times a day, resulting in recovery.
Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, Saposhnikovia divaricata root), grows in the rivers and marshes of Shanyuan and Shangcai, Handan. It is now distributed in prefectures across Jingdong, Huai, and Zhe regions. The root is earth-yellow in color, resembling the root of *Malva verticillata* (Shukui). The stems and leaves are blue-green; the stem is darker while the leaf is lighter. It resembles *Artemisia annua* (Qinghao) but is shorter and smaller. When young, it is purplish and edible as a vegetable, tasting very refreshing. It blooms in May with small white flowers clustered in large heads, resembling dill flowers. The fruit resembles coriander but is larger. The roots are harvested in February and October and dried in the sun. In Guanzhong, they are harvested in March and June. However, those that are light and hollow are not as good as those from Qizhou. There is also Stone Fangfeng, produced in Hezhong Prefecture. Its root resembles mugwort root and is yellow, with green leaves and white flowers. It blooms in May, and the roots are harvested in June and dried. It also treats cephalalgia due to wind and vertigo pain. Additionally, in the Songbo region and Jiangdong, there is a variety of Fangfeng whose seedlings emerge early in spring. When tender, they are reddish-purple, and locals eat them as vegetables because they taste excellent. However, it is said to stir up wind pathogens. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states that its leaves treat wind-stroke with hot sweating, which contradicts the above description, suggesting it might be a different species.