\r蓝实\ph125.bmp\r，生河内平泽，今处处有之。人家蔬圃中作畦种莳，三月、四月
生苗，高三、二尺许；
叶似水蓼，花红白色；实亦若蓼子而大，黑色。五月、六月采实。按蓝有数种，有木蓝，出
岭南，不入药；有菘蓝，可以为淀者，亦名马蓝，《尔雅》所谓∶“ ，马蓝”是也；有蓼
蓝，但可染碧，而不堪作淀，即医方所用者也。又福州有一种马蓝，四时俱有，叶类苦益菜
，土人连根采之，焙，捣下筛，酒服钱匕，治妇人败血，甚佳。又江宁有一种吴蓝，二、三
月内生，如蒿状，叶青，花白。性寒，去热解毒，止吐血。此二种虽不类，而俱有蓝名。又
陈留，此境人皆以种蓝染绀为业。蓝田弥望，黍稷不殖。至今近京种蓝特盛。云蓝汁治虫豸
伤咬。刘禹锡《传信方》着其法云∶取大蓝汁一碗，入雄黄、麝香二物，随意看多少，细研
，投蓝汁中，以点咬处，若是毒者，即并细服其汁，神异之极也。昔张荐员外，在剑南为张
延赏判官，忽被斑蜘蛛咬项上，一宿，咬处有二道赤色，细如箸，绕项上，从胸前下至心，
经两宿，头面肿疼，如数升碗大，肚渐肿，几至不救。张相素重荐，因出家财五百千，并荐
家财又数百千，募能疗者。忽一人应召，云可治。张相初甚不信，欲验其方，遂令目前合药
。其人云∶不惜方，当疗人性命耳，遂取大蓝汁一瓷碗，取蜘蛛投之蓝汁，良久，方出得汁
中，甚困不能动。又别捣蓝汁，加麝香末，更取蜘蛛投之，至汁而死。又更取蓝汁、麝香，
复加雄黄和之，更取一蜘蛛投汁中，随化为水。张相及诸人甚异之，遂令点于咬处。两日内
，悉平愈。但咬处作小疮痂落如旧。又中品着青黛条云从胡国来，及太原、庐陵、南康等染
淀，亦堪傅热毒等。染瓮上池沫，紫碧色者，同青黛功。
蓝实，生长在河内平原沼泽地带，如今各地都有。人们常在菜园中起垄种植，三月、四月长出苗株，高度约二三尺；叶子像水蓼，花呈红白色；果实也像蓼子但更大，颜色为黑色。五月、六月采集果实。
按照记载，蓝草有几种：一种是木蓝，产于岭南地区，不入药；一种是菘蓝，可以用来制作靛青的，也叫马蓝，《尔雅》中所说的“蒨，马蓝”指的就是它；还有一种是蓼蓝，只能用来染碧色，不能用来制作靛青，这就是医方中常用的那种。另外福州有一种马蓝，四季都有，叶子类似苦荬菜，当地人连根采挖，焙干后捣碎过筛，用酒送服如钱匕大小的量，治疗妇人瘀血阻滞效果很好。又有一种江宁产的吴蓝，二、三月内生发，形状像蒿草，叶子青色，花白色。性寒，能清热解毒，止吐血。这两种虽然形态不同，但都带有“蓝”的名称。
此外，陈留这个地方，当地人都以种植蓝草染深蓝色为业。蓝田一望无际，黍稷无法种植。至今京城附近种植蓝草特别兴盛。据说蓝汁可以治疗虫豸咬伤。刘禹锡在《传信方》中记载了这种方法：取大碗蓝汁一碗，加入雄黄、麝香两种药材，根据情况决定用量，细细研磨后投入蓝汁中，点涂在被咬处；如果是毒虫咬伤，就一并细服其汁液，效果神奇至极。
从前张荐员外在剑南担任张延赏的判官时，忽然被斑蜘蛛咬伤颈部，过了一夜，咬处出现两条红色痕迹，细如筷子，环绕颈部，从胸前一直延伸到心脏部位。经过两晚，头面部肿胀疼痛，大小如同数升的碗，腹部逐渐肿胀，几乎危及生命。张相（张延赏）一向看重张荐，于是拿出自家五百千钱，加上张荐家财几百千，招募能治愈的人。忽然有一人响应召令，声称可以治疗。张相起初很怀疑，想验证他的药方，便让他当面配药。那人说：“我不吝惜药方，只想救治性命罢了。”于是取一大瓷碗蓝汁，将蜘蛛投入蓝汁中，过了很久，蜘蛛才从汁液中出来，显得非常困倦无法动弹。又另捣蓝汁，加入麝香末，再次将蜘蛛投入其中，直到蜘蛛死亡。又再取蓝汁、麝香，并加入雄黄调和，再次取一只蜘蛛投入汁液中，随即化为水。张相及众人对此感到非常惊奇，于是让此人将药点涂在咬伤处。两天之内，伤口完全平复痊愈。只是咬伤处结成小疮痂脱落，恢复如初。
另外在中品药物“青黛”条下记载：青黛从胡国传来，以及太原、庐陵、南康等地生产的用于染靛的青黛，也可以敷治热毒等症。染缸上漂浮的泡沫，呈现紫碧色的，功效同于青黛。
Lan Shi (Indigo Fruit), originally growing in the plains and marshes of Henei, is now found everywhere. People often cultivate it in vegetable gardens by making ridges; seedlings emerge in March and April, reaching a height of about two or three chi; leaves resemble those of *Polygonum hydropiper* (Shuiliao, Water Smartweed); flowers are red and white; fruits are similar to those of smartweed but larger, and black. The fruits are harvested in May and June.
According to records, there are several types of Indigo plants: one is *Indigofera tinctoria* (Mulan, Tree Indigo), produced in Lingnan, which is not used in medicine; another is *Isatis indigotica* (Songlan, Isatis Root/Leaf), which can be used to produce indigo dye, also known as Malan (Horse Indigo), referred to in *Erya* as "Qian, Malan"; a third type is *Persicaria tinctoria* (Liaolan, Polygonum Indigo), which can only be used for dyeing green-blue colors and cannot be used to make indigo paste; this is the variety commonly used in medical prescriptions. Additionally, there is a type of Malan in Fuzhou that is available year-round, with leaves resembling *Ixeris chinensis* (Kuyicai, Chinese Ixeris). Locals harvest it including the roots, dry it by baking, pound it into powder, and sieve it. Administered orally with wine in an amount equivalent to a coin-sized scoop, it is highly effective for treating blood stasis in women. Another variety is Wulan (Wu Indigo) from Jiangning, which sprouts in February and March, resembling mugwort (*Artemisia argyi*), with green leaves and white flowers. It has a cold nature, clears heat, detoxifies, and stops hematemesis. Although these two varieties differ in morphology, both bear the name "Lan" (Indigo).
Furthermore, in Chenliu, locals make a living planting indigo for dyeing deep blue fabrics. Fields of indigo stretch as far as the eye can see, preventing the cultivation of millet. To this day, indigo cultivation near the capital is particularly prosperous. It is said that indigo juice treats insect bites. Liu Yuxi recorded this method in *Chuanxin Fang*: Take one large bowl of indigo juice, add realgar (Xionghuang) and musk (Shexiang), grind them finely according to the required dosage, and mix into the indigo juice. Apply topically to the bite site. If it is a venomous bite, ingest the mixture thoroughly; the effect is extremely miraculous.
Previously, Yuanwai Zhang Jian served as a judge under Zhang Yanshang in Jiannan. He was suddenly bitten on the neck by a spotted spider. Overnight, two red lines appeared at the bite site, thin as chopsticks, encircling the neck and extending from the chest down to the heart region. After two nights, his head and face swelled and became painful, swelling to the size of several sheng bowls, and his abdomen gradually swelled, nearly leading to death. Zhang Yanshang, who greatly valued Zhang Jian, offered five hundred thousand cash from his own wealth, plus several hundred thousand from Zhang Jian's family, to recruit anyone who could cure him. Suddenly, a man responded to the call, claiming he could treat it. Zhang Yanshang initially doubted him and wanted to verify the prescription, so he ordered the medicine to be prepared on the spot. The man said, "I do not spare the prescription; I only wish to save lives." He then took a large porcelain bowl of indigo juice and threw the spider into it. After a long while, the spider emerged from the juice, appearing very lethargic and unable to move. He then pounded fresh indigo juice, added musk powder, and threw the spider in again, until the spider died. He then took more indigo juice and musk, mixed in realgar, and threw another spider into the mixture, which immediately dissolved into water. Zhang Yanshang and the others were amazed by this, so they had the man apply the preparation to the bite site. Within two days, the wound completely healed. Only a small scab formed at the bite site and fell off, leaving the skin restored.
Additionally, under the entry for Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) in the middle-grade herbs, it is recorded that Qingdai came from Hu countries, and indigo pastes produced in Taiyuan, Luling, Nankang, etc., for dyeing, can also be applied externally to treat heat-toxic conditions. The foam floating on the surface of the dye vat, if purple-green in color, has the same efficacy as Qingdai.