宣，利气，豁痰
辛温入肺。通行经络，温中开胃，发汗散寒，利气豁痰，消肿止痛（痰行则肿消，气行
则痛止。为末醋调敷，消痈肿）。治咳嗽反胃，痹木香港脚，筋骨诸病（痰阻气滞）。久嗽肺虚
人禁用（丹溪曰∶痰在胁下及皮里膜外，非此不能达行。古方控涎丹用之，正此义。韩 三
子养亲汤，白芥子主痰，下气宽中；紫苏子主气，定喘止嗽；莱菔子主食，开痞降气。各微
炒研，看病所主为君。治老人痰嗽、喘满、懒食）北产者良。煎汤不可过熟，熟则力减。
芥菜子豁痰利气，主治略同。
即芜菁
泻热，利水，明目
苦辛。泻热解毒，利水明目（古方治目，用之最多）。治黄胆（捣服）腹胀（捣研滤汁
饮，或吐或利，腹中自宽，得汗愈），症瘕积聚，小儿血痢（蜜和汁服），一切疮疽（凡痈疽
捣敷皆良。醋调敷秃疮，盐捣敷乳痈。冬取根用），敷蜘蛛咬毒（陈藏器曰∶蔓菁园中无蜘
蛛。李时珍曰∶蔓菁子可升可降，能汗能吐能下，能利小便，明目解毒，其功甚伟，世罕知
用，何哉？）。根，捣敷阴囊肿大如斗；末服解酒毒；和芸苔（油菜也）根捣汁，鸡子清调，
涂诸热毒（单盐捣，不用芸薹亦可）。
宣，散血，消肿
辛温。散血消肿，捣贴乳痈丹毒（孙思邈曰∶捣贴丹毒，随手即消，其效如神），动疾
发疮。即油菜（道家五荤之一）。
子，与叶同功，治产难。
【白芥子】
具有宣通、利气、豁痰的功效。
味辛，性温，归肺经。能通行经络，温中开胃，发汗散寒，利气豁痰，消肿止痛（痰液运行则肿胀消退，气机通畅则疼痛停止。将药研成粉末，用醋调匀外敷，可消除痈肿）。治疗咳嗽、反胃、肢体麻木及脚气病、筋骨各类疾病（因痰阻气滞所致）。久咳导致肺气虚弱者禁用（朱丹溪说：痰在胁下以及皮里膜外，非此药不能到达并发挥作用。古方控涎丹中使用它，正是这个意思。韩氏三子养亲汤中，白芥子主化痰，降气宽中；紫苏子主理气，定喘止咳；莱菔子主消食，开痞降气。三者均微炒后研碎，根据病情侧重选择其中一味作为主药。治疗老人痰嗽、气喘胸闷、食欲不振）。产于北方的品质较好。煎煮汤剂时不可过熟，煮熟则药效减弱。
芥菜子的功效与豁痰利气相似，主治大致相同。
【蔓菁子】
具有泻热、利水、明目的功效。
味苦、辛。能泻热解毒，利水明目（古方治疗眼疾，使用它最多）。治疗黄疸（捣碎服用）、腹胀（捣碎研磨过滤取汁饮用，或引起呕吐或腹泻，腹部自然宽松，若出汗则痊愈）、症瘕积聚、小儿血痢（用蜂蜜调和汁液服用）、各种疮疽（凡是痈疽，捣碎外敷皆良效。用醋调敷秃疮，用盐捣敷乳痈。冬季取根部使用），敷治蜘蛛咬伤毒（陈藏器说：蔓菁园中没有蜘蛛。李时珍说：蔓菁子既能升提又能下降，能发汗、催吐、通便，能利小便、明目解毒，功效非常伟大，世人很少知道使用，为什么呢？）。根部，捣碎外敷阴囊肿大如斗的情况；粉末内服可解酒毒；与芸苔（即油菜）的根一起捣碎取汁，用鸡蛋清调和，涂抹各种热毒（单用盐捣碎，不使用芸薹也可以）。
【芸薹】
具有宣通、散血、消肿的功效。
味辛，性温。能散血消肿，捣碎贴敷治疗乳痈、丹毒（孙思邈说：捣碎贴敷丹毒，随手即可消退，效果神妙），动风引发疮疡。即油菜（道家五荤之一）。
种子，功效与叶子相同，治疗难产。
[White Mustard Seed]
Has the functions of promoting diffusion, regulating Qi, and resolving phlegm.
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, enters the Lung meridian. It can unblock collaterals, warm the middle and stimulate appetite, induce sweating to dispel cold, regulate Qi and resolve phlegm, reduce swelling and relieve pain (when phlegm moves, swelling subsides; when Qi flows, pain stops. Grind into powder, mix with vinegar for external application to eliminate carbuncles and swellings). Treats cough, regurgitation, numbness, beriberi, and various bone and joint diseases (due to phlegm obstruction and Qi stagnation). Contraindicated for those with prolonged cough and deficient Lung Qi (Zhu Danxi said: "Phlegm located under the hypochondrium or within the subcutaneous tissue cannot be reached by other herbs; only this herb can reach and act upon it." In ancient prescriptions like Kongxian Dan, it is used for this very reason. In Han's Sanzi Yangqin Tang, White Mustard Seed primarily resolves phlegm, descends Qi and broadens the middle; Perilla Seed primarily regulates Qi, calms asthma and stops coughing; Radish Seed primarily digests food, opens stagnation and descends Qi. All are lightly stir-fried and ground; one is chosen as the chief ingredient based on the specific condition. It treats elderly patients with phlegm-cough, wheezing and chest fullness, and poor appetite.) Those produced in the North are of superior quality. When decocting, do not overcook, as heat reduces efficacy.
Mustard seed has similar effects in resolving phlegm and regulating Qi, with roughly the same indications.
[Turnip Seed]
Has the functions of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and improving vision.
Bitter and pungent in flavor. Clears heat and detoxifies, promotes diuresis and improves vision (used most frequently in ancient prescriptions for eye disorders). Treats jaundice (take crushed), abdominal distension (crush, grind, filter juice and drink; may induce vomiting or diarrhea, leading to abdominal relief; recovery occurs with sweating), fixed masses and accumulations, pediatric bloody dysentery (mix juice with honey), all types of sores and ulcers (for any carbuncle or ulcer, crushed application is effective. Mix with vinegar for tinea capitis; crush with salt for mastitis. Use roots in winter). Apply to spider bites (Chen Zangqi stated: "There are no spiders in turnip gardens." Li Shizhen stated: "Turnip seed can ascend and descend, induce sweating, vomiting, and purgation, promote urination, improve vision, and clear heat and detoxify. Its merits are great, yet few know how to use it. Why?"). Roots, crushed and applied externally for massive scrotal swelling; powdered and taken internally to resolve alcohol toxicity; mixed with the root of Youcai (Brassica rapa var. oleifera) and crushed for juice, adjusted with egg white, applied to various heat toxins (using only salt for crushing, without Youcai, is also acceptable).
[Youcai / Rapeseed]
Has the functions of promoting diffusion, dispersing blood, and reducing swelling.
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Disperses blood and reduces swelling; crushed and applied externally for mastitis and erysipelas (Sun Simiao said: "Applied crushed for erysipelas, it clears up immediately with miraculous effect"), wind-movement inducing sores. This is Youcai (one of the Five Pungent Vegetables of Daoism).
Seeds have the same function as leaves, treating difficult labor.