泻血热
苦咸而寒，阴阳、冲、任之药。利阴气，下水气。
主中风身热支满，忽忽不知人（阴虚火旺，则内热主风。火气焚灼，故身热支满。痰随
火涌，故不知人），血厥（汗出过多血少，阳气独上，气塞不行而厥，妇人尤多。此证宜白
薇汤，白薇、当归各一两，参五钱，甘草钱半，每服五钱）热淋，温疟洒洒，寒热酸痛（寒
热作，则营气不能内营，故酸痛），妇人伤中淋露（血热。千金白薇散治胎前产后遗尿不知
时，白薇、芍药等分，酒调服。丹溪曰∶此即河间所谓热甚廷孔郁结，神无所依，不能收禁
之意也。廷孔，女人溺孔也），产虚烦呕（仲景安中益气竹皮丸用之。《经疏》曰∶古方调经
种子，往往用之。盖不孕缘于血热血少，而其源起于真阴不足，阳胜而内热，故营血日枯也。
益阴清热，则血自生旺而有子矣，须佐以归、地、芍药、杜仲、苁蓉等药）。
似牛膝而短小柔软。去须酒洗用。恶大黄、大戟、山茱、姜、枣。
宣，理气血，燥，逐寒湿
苦辛。生温，熟热。纯阳之性，能回垂绝之元阳。通十二经，走三阴（太、少、厥），
理气血，逐寒湿，暖子宫，止诸血，温中开郁，调经安胎（胎动腰痛下血，胶艾汤良，阿胶、
艾叶煎服，亦治虚痢）。
治吐衄崩带（治带要药），腹痛冷痢，霍乱转筋（皆理气血、逐寒湿之效），杀蛇治癣（醋
煎，外科有用干艾作汤，投白矾二三钱，洗疮，然后敷药者。盖人血气冷，必假艾力以佐阳
，而艾性又能杀虫也）。以之灸（音九）火，能透诸经而治百病。血热为病者禁用（灸火则
气下行，入药则热上冲，不可过剂。丹田气弱，脐腹冷者，以熟艾装袋，兜脐腹甚妙。寒湿
香港脚，亦宜以此夹入袜内）。
陈者良，揉捣如绵，谓之熟艾，灸火用。妇人丸散，醋煮捣饼，再为末用（入茯苓数片
同研，则易细）。煎服宜鲜者，苦酒（醋也）、香附为使（艾附丸，调妇人诸病。宋时重汤阴
艾，自明成化来，则以蕲州艾为胜。云灸酒坛，一灸便透。《蒙筌》、《发明》，并以野艾为真
蕲艾，虽香实非艾种）。
清泻血分热邪。
味苦、咸，性寒，是调理阴经、冲脉和任脉的药物。能通利阴气，下行水湿之气。
主治中风引起的身体发热、胸胁胀满，突然神志不清（阴虚火旺，则内热生风。火热之气焚烧灼伤，所以身体发热、胸胁胀满。痰液随着火势上涌，所以神志不清），血厥证（出汗过多导致血液亏少，阳气独自上逆，气机阻塞不通而发生昏厥，妇女尤为多见。此证适宜用白薇汤，由白薇、当归各一两，人参五钱，甘草一钱半组成，每次服用五钱）的热淋病，温疟引起的战栗恶寒、寒热往来及全身酸痛（寒热发作时，营气不能正常内守滋养，所以出现酸痛），妇女因内伤导致的带下淋漓不断（属血热证。千金方中的白薇散治疗产前产后遗尿且不知时间的症状，由白薇、芍药等份组成，用酒调服。朱丹溪说：这就是刘河间所说的热邪极盛导致前阴郁结，神气无所依附，不能固摄的意思。廷孔，指女性的尿道口），产后虚烦呕吐（张仲景在安中益气竹皮丸中使用它。《本草经疏》说：古代方剂中调理月经、助孕的种子药，往往使用它。大概不孕是由于血热和血少，而其根源在于真阴不足，阳气偏胜而产生内热，所以营血日渐枯槁。滋补阴液、清泄热邪，血液自然生长旺盛而能受孕，需要配合当归、地黄、芍药、杜仲、肉苁蓉等药物）。
外形像牛膝但更短小柔软。去掉须根，用酒洗后使用。与大黄、大戟、山茱萸、生姜、大枣相畏忌。
宣通，调理气血，性燥，驱逐寒湿。
味苦、辛。生艾叶性温，熟艾叶性热。具有纯阳的性质，能够挽回即将衰竭的元阳。通行十二经脉，走窜三阴经（太阴、少阴、厥阴），调理气血，驱逐寒湿，温暖子宫，制止各种出血，温中散寒、开解郁结，调理月经、安胎（胎动不安伴有腰痛和下血，胶艾汤效果良好，由阿胶、艾叶煎服，也治疗虚寒痢疾）。
治疗吐血、衄血、崩漏、带下（是治疗带下的要药），腹痛冷痢，霍乱转筋（都是调理气血、驱逐寒湿的功效），杀蛇虫、治疗癣疮（用醋煎煮，外科有用干艾叶煮汤，加入白矾二三钱，清洗疮口，然后敷药的方法。因为人体血气寒冷，必须借助艾叶的力量来辅助阳气，而且艾叶的性质又能杀虫）。用它来灸治，能透达各条经脉而治疗百种疾病。血热致病者禁用（艾灸使气机下行，入药则热气上冲，不可过量使用。丹田气弱，脐腹部寒冷的人，用熟艾叶装袋，包裹脐腹部非常妙。寒湿引起的脚气病，也适宜将此夹入袜子里）。
陈年的艾叶质量好，揉捣如棉絮状，称为熟艾，用于灸治。妇女用的丸散剂，用醋煮后捣成饼，再研为细末使用（加入几片茯苓同研，则容易研细）。煎服宜用新鲜的，以醋、香附为使药（艾附丸，调理妇女各种疾病。宋代重视汤阴产的艾叶，自明代成化年间以来，则以蕲州产的艾叶为优。据说灸酒坛，一灸就穿透。《蒙筌》、《发明》，都以野艾为真正的蕲艾，虽然香气浓郁，但实际上并非艾的品种）。
Clears heat from the blood level.
Bitter, salty, and cold in nature; it is a herb for regulating the Yin meridians, Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel), and Ren Mai (Conception Vessel). It promotes the flow of Yin Qi and drains downward water-dampness.
It treats wind-stroke with body fever and distension/fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, sudden loss of consciousness (Yin deficiency with fire hyperactivity generates internal heat which produces wind. Fire burning and scorching causes body fever and distension/fullness. Phlegm surges with the fire, causing unconsciousness), Blood Jue syndrome (excessive sweating leads to blood depletion, Yang Qi rises alone, Qi blockage prevents circulation leading to syncope, especially common in women. This condition is suitable for Baiwei Tang [White Violet Decoction], composed of Baiwei [Cynanchum Atratum] and Danggui [Angelica Sinensis] each 1 liang, Renshen [Ginseng] 5 qian, Gancao [Licorice Root] 1.5 qian; take 5 qian per dose), hot Lin syndrome (dysuria), and the chills, fever, and body aches associated with Wen Nue (Warm Malaria) (When chills and fever occur, Ying Qi [Nutritive Qi] cannot nourish internally, causing aches). It treats women’s injury from internal damage resulting in continuous leukorrhea (due to blood heat; Qianjin Fang’s Baiwei San [White Violet Powder] treats enuresis before or after childbirth where the patient is unaware of the time, composed of equal parts Baiwei and Shaoyao [Peony Root], taken with wine. Zhu Danxi stated: This refers to Liu Hejian’s concept that extreme heat causes stagnation in the "Ting Kong" [urethral opening], leaving Shen [Spirit] without support and unable to retain fluids. Ting Kong refers to the female urethral opening]. It also treats postpartum deficiency-heat irritability and vomiting (Zhang Zhongjing used it in Anzhong Yiqi Zhupi Wan [An Middle and Boost Qi Bamboo Peel Pill]. *Jingshu* states: Ancient formulas for regulating menstruation and promoting conception often use it. Infertility is likely due to blood heat and blood deficiency, originating from insufficient True Yin, with Yang excess causing internal heat, thus depleting Ying Blood day by day. Nourishing Yin and clearing heat allows blood to regenerate and flourish, enabling conception; it should be assisted with herbs such as Danggui, Dihuang [Rehmannia], Shaoyao, Duzhong [Eucommia Bark], and Congrong [Cistanche]).
It resembles Niuxi [Achyranthes Bidentata] but is shorter, smaller, and softer. Remove the rootlets and wash with wine before use. It is incompatible with Dahuang [Rhubarb], Daji [Euphorbia Lathyris], Shanzhuyu [Cornus Officinalis], Jiang [Ginger], and Zao [Jujube].
Disperses, regulates Qi and Blood, drying, expels Cold-Dampness.
Bitter and acrid. Raw Aiye [Mugwort Leaf] is warm, while cooked Aiye is hot. It possesses pure Yang nature and can restore Yuan Yang [Primordial Yang] on the verge of collapse. It unblocks the Twelve Meridians and traverses the Three Yin meridians (Taiyin, Shaoyin, Jueyin), regulates Qi and Blood, expels Cold-Dampness, warms the uterus, stops various types of bleeding, warms the middle and resolves stagnation, regulates menstruation, and calms the fetus (for restless fetus with lower back pain and bleeding, Jiao’ai Tang [Donkey-Hide Gelatin and Mugwort Decoction] is excellent, made by decocting Ejiao [Donkey-Hide Gelatin] and Aiye; it also treats deficiency-type dysentery).
It treats hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, and leukorrhea (a key herb for treating leukorrhea), abdominal pain with cold dysentery, Huoluan with muscle cramps (all are effects of regulating Qi/Blood and expelling Cold-Dampness), killing snakes and treating tinea (decocted with vinegar; in surgery, dry Aiye is sometimes boiled into a soup with 2-3 qian of Baifan [Alum] to wash sores before applying medicine. Since human Qi and Blood are cold, they must rely on Aiye’s power to assist Yang, and Aiye’s nature can also kill parasites). When used for moxibustion, it can penetrate all meridians to treat hundreds of diseases. It is contraindicated for diseases caused by Blood Heat (Moxibustion directs Qi downward, while oral administration sends heat upward; do not overdose. For those with weak Qi in the Dantian and cold umbilical/abdominal regions, packing cooked Aiye into a bag to cover the abdomen is very effective. For Cold-Dampness-induced podagra/jamming, it is also suitable to place it inside socks).
Aged Aiye is superior. Rubbed and pounded until cotton-like, it is called Shu Ai [Prepared Mugwort], used for moxibustion. For women’s pills and powders, boil with vinegar, pound into cakes, then grind into powder (adding several slices of Fuling [Poria] makes it easier to grind finely). For decoction, fresh Aiye is preferred; Vinegar (Cu) and Xiangfu [Cyperus Rotundus] serve as guiding herbs (Ai Fu Wan [Mugwort and Cyperus Pill] treats various women’s diseases. In the Song Dynasty, Tangyin Aiye was valued; since the Chenghua era of the Ming Dynasty, Qizhou Aiye has been considered superior. It is said that one application of moxa can burn through a wine jar. *Mengquan* and *Faming* consider wild Aiye to be true Qizhou Aiye; although fragrant, it is actually not the true species of Aiye).