泻热，止呕
甘益胃，寒降火。
治呕哕反胃（胃热火升，则呕逆，食不下。《金匮》方∶芦根煎服），消渴客热，伤寒内
热，止小便数（肺为水之上源，脾气散精，上归于肺，始能通调水道，下输膀胱。肾为水脏，
而主二便，三经有热。则小便数，甚至不能少忍，火性急速故也。芦中空，故入心肺，清上
焦热，热解则肺之气化行，而小便复其常道矣）。能解鱼、蟹、河豚毒。
取迸水肥浓者，去须、节用。
泻热，散瘀
甘寒而滑。补阴破瘀，解热润燥。
治天行热疾，大渴大狂，胎动下血，诸淋血淋，捣贴赤游丹毒，痈疽发背，金疮折伤（
止血易痂），鸡鱼骨哽（捣如龙眼。鸡骨，鸡汤下，鱼骨，鱼汤下）。汁能化血为水。
苎皮与产妇作枕，止血运；安腹上，止产后腹痛（散瘀之功）沤苎汁，疗消渴。
泻湿热
苦涩而冷。入胃、大肠经。除风热、湿热，生肌杀虫。
治泄痢消渴，牙痛口糜（煎汁含漱），遗尿好眠，痈疽疮癣。
花有黄、白、红、紫数色，以黄心、白色、粉红者入药。
子，名营实，酸温。主治略同（《千金》曰∶蔷薇根，角蒿，口疮之神药。角蒿所在多
有，开淡红紫花，角微弯，长二寸许，辛苦有小毒。治恶疮有虫，及口齿疮）。
【芦根】
清除热邪，止住呕吐。
味甘能补益胃气，性寒能降泄火邪。
治疗呕吐、呃逆及反胃（因胃中有热火热上冲，导致气逆呕吐，饮食难下。《金匮要略》方剂：单用芦根煎汤服用），消渴病及外感客热，伤寒引起的体内热邪，减少小便频数（肺为水液代谢的上源，脾气将精微物质散布并上输于肺，才能通调水道，向下输送至膀胱。肾为水脏，主管大小便。若肺、脾、肾三经有热，则会导致小便频数，甚至无法短暂忍耐，这是因为火性急迫急速的缘故。芦根中空，因此入心、肺二经，清解上焦热邪，热邪解除后肺的气化功能正常运行，小便也就恢复常态了）。能够解除鱼、蟹、河豚的毒性。
选取生长在水边、肥大浓嫩的芦根，去掉须和节，只取中间部分使用。
【芭蕉根】
清除热邪，消散瘀血。
味甘、性寒且质地滑利。补益阴液，破除瘀血，解除热邪，滋润燥热。
治疗时行热性疾病，极度口渴与狂躁，胎动不安导致的下血，各种淋证中的血淋，捣碎后外贴治疗赤游丹毒、痈疽发背、刀枪创伤及骨折损伤（止血容易结痂），鸡骨或鱼骨卡喉（捣烂如龙眼肉大小。鸡骨卡喉用鸡汤送服，鱼骨卡喉用鱼汤送服）。其汁液能将凝固的血化为水状。
苎麻皮给产妇做枕头，可帮助止血并促进子宫收缩；敷在腹部，可止产后腹痛（这是利用其散瘀的功效）。沤制苎麻汁，用于治疗消渴病。
【蔷薇根/花/子】
清除湿热。
味苦、涩，性冷。入胃经和大肠经。祛除风热、湿热，生肌长肉，杀虫。
治疗泄泻痢疾、消渴病、牙痛、口舌生疮（煎汁含漱），遗尿症，嗜睡多眠，痈疽疮癣。
花朵有黄、白、红、紫等多种颜色，以花心黄色、花瓣白色或粉红色的入药。
种子，名为营实，味酸、性温。主治功效大致相同（《千金方》记载：蔷薇根和角蒿是治疗口疮的神药。角蒿各地多有生长，开淡红紫色小花，果实角微微弯曲，长约两寸左右，味辛苦，有小毒。治疗恶疮生虫，以及口腔牙齿疮疡）。
【芭蕉花】
清除热邪。
味甘，大寒。治疗时行热病引起的狂躁，烦闷消渴，产后血胀（一并捣汁服用），涂抹痈肿结聚之热（研为粉末，用油调和敷贴。经霜后的花朵效果更佳）。
[Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis)]
Clears heat and stops vomiting.
Sweet in flavor benefits the Stomach; cold in nature descends fire.
Treats vomiting, hiccups, and regurgitation (due to stomach heat rising, causing rebellious qi and vomiting with difficulty in eating. *Jin Gui Yao Lue* formula: decoct Lu Gen alone for administration); treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome) and exogenous heat; treats internal heat from Shang Han (cold damage); reduces frequent urination (The Lung is the upper source of water metabolism; the Spleen disperses essence upwards to the Lung, thereby regulating water passages and transporting fluids downwards to the Bladder. The Kidney is the water organ, governing both urine and stool. Heat in the Lung, Spleen, and Kidney meridians causes frequent urination, even inability to hold it briefly, due to the rapid nature of fire. Lu Gen is hollow, thus entering the Heart and Lung meridians to clear upper Jiao heat; once heat is resolved, Lung Qi transformation functions normally, and urination returns to its regular course). It can detoxify fish, crab, and pufferfish poison.
Select thick, tender rhizomes growing near water; remove roots and nodes, using only the internodes.
[Ba Jiao Gen (Radix Musaens)]
Clears heat and dissipates blood stasis.
Sweet, cold, and slippery in texture. Nourishes Yin, breaks up stasis, clears heat, and moistens dryness.
Treats epidemic febrile diseases, extreme thirst and mania, fetal restlessness with bleeding, various Lin syndromes including Xue Lin (blood strangury); applied externally as a paste for Chi You Dan Du (erysipelas), carbuncles and sores on the back, and traumatic injuries (stops bleeding and promotes scabbing easily); treats chicken or fish bones stuck in the throat (pound into a paste the size of a longan fruit; swallow chicken bone with chicken broth, fish bone with fish broth). Its juice can transform coagulated blood into liquid.
Using Ramie root (*Broussonetia papyrifera*) as a pillow for postpartum women helps stop bleeding and promote uterine contraction; applying it to the abdomen stops postpartum abdominal pain (utilizing its stasis-dissipating effect). Fermented ramie juice treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome).
[Qiang Wei Gen/Flos/Huashi (Radix/Rosae Multiflorae Flos/Semen Rosae Laevigatae)]
Clears damp-heat.
Bitter, astringent, and cold in nature. Enters the Stomach and Large Intestine meridians. Dispels wind-heat and damp-heat, generates flesh, and kills parasites.
Treats diarrhea and dysentery, Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), toothache, and mouth ulcers (decoct juice for gargling); enuresis and excessive sleepiness, carbuncles, sores, and tinea.
Flowers come in yellow, white, red, and purple varieties; those with yellow centers, white petals, or pinkish-white petals are used medicinally.
Seeds, named Ying Shi, are sour and warm. Their indications are roughly similar (*Qian Jin Fang* states: Radix Rosae Multiflorae and Herba Hedysari are divine medicines for mouth ulcers. Hedysarum grows widely, bearing pale red-purple flowers; its horns are slightly curved, about two cun long, bitter and pungent with slight toxicity. Treats malignant sores with worms, and oral/dental ulcers).
[Ba Jiao Hua (Flos Musaens)]
Clears heat.
Sweet in flavor, greatly cold in nature. Treats epidemic febrile diseases causing mania, irritability, and wasting-thirst; postpartum blood distension (all taken as fresh juice); applies to swollen sores with accumulated heat (powdered and mixed with oil for external application; flowers after frost are superior).