通，行水
辛苦微寒。消痰退热，止嗽杀虫，利大、小肠。治大腹水肿，益丈夫阴气。
生平泽，叶园黄绿，颇类猫睛，一名猫儿眼睛草。茎中有白汁，黏人（时珍曰∶《别录
》云是大戟苗，非也。功相类耳）。
宣，吐痰，截疟，通，行水
辛苦而寒，有毒。能引吐行水，祛老痰积饮（痰有六∶风痰、寒痰、湿痰、热痰、食痰
、气痰也。饮有五，流于肺为支饮，于肝为悬饮，于心为伏饮，于经络为溢饮，于肠胃为痰
饮也。常山力能吐之，下之），专治诸疟。然悍暴能损真气，弱者慎用（时珍曰∶常山蜀漆，
韧痰截疟，须在发散表邪及提出阳分之后用之。疟有经疟、脏疟、风、寒、暑、湿、痰、食
、瘴、鬼之别，须分阴、阳、虚、实，不可概论。常山蜀漆，得甘草则吐，得大黄则利，得
乌梅、穿山甲则入肝，得小麦、竹叶则入心，得秫米、麻黄则入肺，得龙骨、附子则入肾，
得草果、槟榔则入脾。盖无痰不作疟，一物之功，亦在驱逐痰水而已。李士材曰∶常山发
吐，唯生用、多用为然。与甘草同用亦必吐。若酒浸炒透，但用钱许，每见奇功，未见其或
吐也。世人泥于雷 老人久病忌服之说，使良药见疑，沉 难起，抑何愚也。常山吐疟痰，
瓜蒂吐热痰，乌附尖吐湿痰，莱菔子吐气痰，藜芦吐风痰）。
鸡骨者良。酒浸蒸或炒用。栝蒌为使。忌葱、茗。茎叶名蜀漆，功用略同（古方有蜀漆
散，取其苗性轻扬，发散上焦邪结）。甘草水拌蒸。
大黄（此处指荛花，原文标题为“大通”），具有通利水道的功效。
其味辛能散结，味苦能泄热，是行水利水的快捷药物，主治功效与芫花大致相同。
泽漆，具有通利水道的功效。
其性辛苦且微寒。能消除痰饮、退热、止咳、杀虫，并通利大、小肠。用于治疗腹部水肿，有助于增强男子的阴气。
它生长在水边平地，叶子呈园形，颜色黄绿，很像猫的眼睛，别名叫做“猫儿眼睛草”。茎中含有白色汁液，会粘附在人的皮肤上。（李时珍说：《名医别录》称它是大戟的幼苗，这是不对的。只是功效相似罢了）。
常山，具有涌吐痰涎、截断疟疾的功效；同时也能通利水道。
其性辛苦且寒，有毒。能够引起呕吐、通利水道，祛除顽固的痰饮（痰分为六种：风痰、寒痰、湿痰、热痰、食痰、气痰。饮分为五种：流注于肺的叫支饮，流注于肝的叫悬饮，流注于心的叫伏饮，流注于经络的叫溢饮，流注于肠胃的叫痰饮。常山的药力能够将其吐出或泻下），专门治疗各种疟疾。然而它药性猛烈暴烈，容易损伤人体真气，体质虚弱者应谨慎使用。（李时珍说：常山和蜀漆，要用于祛痰截疟，必须在发散表邪以及将病邪提出阳分之后使用。疟疾有经疟、脏疟、风疟、寒疟、暑疟、湿疟、痰疟、食疟、瘴疟、鬼疟的区别，必须分辨阴阳、虚实，不能一概而论。常山和蜀漆，遇到甘草就会引起呕吐，遇到大黄就会引起腹泻，遇到乌梅、穿山甲就能入肝经，遇到小麦、竹叶就能入心经，遇到秫米、麻黄就能入肺经，遇到龙骨、附子就能入肾经，遇到草果、槟榔就能入脾经。大概没有痰就不会发生疟疾，这味药的功效，也在于驱逐痰水而已。李士材说：常山引起呕吐，只有生用、多用的情况下才会这样。如果与甘草同用也一定会呕吐。如果用酒浸泡并炒透，只使用几钱，常常能看到奇效，从未见过它引起呕吐的情况。世人拘泥于雷敩老人久病忌服的说法，使良药受到怀疑，导致沉疴难以治愈，这多么愚蠢啊。常山吐出的是疟疾之痰，瓜蒂吐出的是热痰，乌头尖吐出的是湿痰，莱菔子吐出的是气痰，藜芦吐出的是风痰）。
以鸡骨形状的药材为佳。用酒浸泡后蒸制或炒制后使用。栝蒌作为引经药。禁忌食用葱和茶。茎叶名为蜀漆，功效大致相同（古方中有蜀漆散，取其苗药性轻扬，能发散上焦邪气郁结）。用甘草水拌过后蒸制。
Da Tong (referring to *Adenophora radula*, hereinafter referred to as Yuanhua in context), promotes the flow of water.
Its pungent flavor disperses nodules, and its bitter flavor drains heat; it is a swift medicine for promoting diuresis, with therapeutic indications similar to those of *Yuanhua* (Spurge Flower).
Ze Qi (Euphorbia helioscopia), promotes the flow of water.
It is acrid, bitter, and slightly cold. It eliminates phlegm, reduces fever, stops coughing, kills parasites, and benefits the large and small intestines. It treats abdominal edema and enhances the yin qi of men.
It grows in flat areas near water. Its leaves are round, yellowish-green, resembling cat's eyes, hence the alias "Cat's Eye Grass" (Mao'er Yanjingcao). The stems contain white juice that adheres to the skin. (Li Shizhen stated: *Ben Cao Jing Jiu* claims it is the seedling of *Daye* (Euphorbia pekinensis), which is incorrect. Their functions are merely similar).
Changshan (Dichroa febrifuga) induces vomiting to expel phlegm, arrests malaria, and promotes the flow of water.
It is acrid, bitter, and cold, and is toxic. It can induce vomiting and promote diuresis, dispelling old phlegm and accumulated fluids (Phlegm is categorized into six types: wind-phlegm, cold-phlegm, damp-phlegm, heat-phlegm, food-phlegm, and qi-phlegm. Fluid retention is categorized into five types: fluid accumulating in the lungs is called Zhi Yin (supporting fluid); in the liver, Xuan Yin (hanging fluid); in the heart, Fu Yin (hidden fluid); in the meridians and collaterals, Yi Yin (overflowing fluid); and in the stomach and intestines, Tan Yin (phlegm-fluid). Changshan has the power to vomit or purge these), specifically treating various types of malaria. However, its action is fierce and violent, capable of damaging true qi; those with weak constitutions should use it with caution. (Li Shizhen stated: To use Changshan and Shuqi for dispelling phlegm and arresting malaria, one must first release exterior pathogens and draw the pathogen out from the Yang level. Malaria varies by meridian, zang-organ, wind, cold, summerheat, dampness, phlegm, food, miasma, and ghost etiologies; one must differentiate between yin/yang and deficiency/excess, and cannot generalize. Changshan and Shuqi induce vomiting when combined with Gancao (Licorice), cause purgation when combined with Dahuang (Rhubarb), enter the Liver channel when combined with Wumei (Dark Plum) and Chuanshanjia (Pangolin Scales), enter the Heart channel when combined with Xiaomai (Wheat) and Zhuye (Bamboo Leaf), enter the Lung channel when combined with Shumi (Glutinous Millet) and Mahuang (Ephedra), enter the Kidney channel when combined with Longgu (Fossilized Bone) and Fuzi (Aconite Root), and enter the Spleen channel when combined with Caoguo (Black Cardamom) and Binglang (Betel Nut). Generally, malaria does not occur without phlegm; the efficacy of this herb lies in driving out phlegm and water. Li Shicai stated: Changshan induces vomiting only when used raw and in large doses. Combined with Gancao, it will inevitably cause vomiting. However, if soaked in wine and thoroughly stir-fried, using only a few qian (approx. 3-5 grams) often yields miraculous results, without inducing vomiting. People blindly follow Lei Xiao’s saying that long-term patients should avoid it, causing good medicines to be suspected and severe illnesses to remain incurable, how foolish is this. Changshan vomits malaria-phlegm, Gudi (Melon Seed) vomits heat-phlegm, Wufu Jian (Aconite Tip) vomits damp-phlegm, Laifuzi (Radish Seed) vomits qi-phlegm, and Lilu (Veratrum) vomits wind-phlegm).
The variety with chicken-bone-like roots is superior. Use after soaking in wine, steaming, or stir-frying. Gualou (Trichosanthes Fruit) acts as an assistant. Avoid scallions and tea. The stems and leaves are named Shuqi, with similar functions (Ancient formulas include Shuqi San, utilizing the light and ascending nature of the sprouts to disperse exterior pathogenic constraints in the Upper Jiao). Process by mixing with Gancao (Licorice) water and steaming.