〔害〕五脏皆阴，世人但知补脾，此指脾为湿土之脏，术能燥湿，湿去则脾健，故曰补
也。
不知脾无湿邪者用之，反燥脾家津液，是损脾阴也，何补之有？此最易误，故特表而出之。
凡血少、精不足，内热骨蒸口干唇燥，咳嗽吐痰吐血，齿衄鼻衄咽塞，便秘滞下者咸宜忌之
。肝肾有筑筑动气者勿服。术性燥而闭气，刘涓子痈疽论云∶溃疡忌白术，以其燥肾闭气，
而反生脓作痛也。
〔利〕苦甘温，健脾进食，消谷补中，化胃中痰水，理心下急满，利腰脐血结，祛周身
湿痹
，君枳实以消痞，佐黄芩以安胎。茯苓为使。
〔修治〕野术、于潜术、仙居术为胜。台产术力薄，只可调理常病，若生死关头，断难
恃以
为治。江西术，与浙江野术相似，苦劣不堪用。陈壁土炒，或人乳拌蒸，糯米泔浸。
〔害〕生用，则刺人咽喉。
〔利〕甘平，入脾，补中益气，安五脏，润心肺，填精髓，助筋骨，除风湿，杀下三尸
虫。
似玉竹而稍大，故俗呼玉竹黄精。又一种似白芨，俗呼白芨黄精，又名山生姜，则恐非真者
。溪水洗净，九蒸九晒用。
一名薯蓣
〔害〕忌同面食。
〔利〕甘平，入脾、肺、肠胃四经，益气强阴，治虚损劳伤心脾，长肌安神，清其虚热，
除
泻利，止遗精。
〔修治〕洗净，切片晒干，或炒黄用。入脾胃土炒，入肾盐水炒。
【危害】五脏皆属阴，世人只知道白术能补脾，这是指脾为湿土之脏，白术能燥湿，湿气去除则脾健运，所以说是补。不知道对于没有湿邪的脾脏使用它，反而会燥伤脾家的津液，这是损伤脾阴，哪里谈得上补呢？这最容易误用，所以特意指出以警示世人。凡是血少、精不足，内有虚热骨蒸、口干唇燥，咳嗽吐痰、吐血，齿衄、鼻衄、咽喉阻塞，便秘或痢疾者都应当禁忌。肝肾有筑筑跳动感（动气）的人不要服用。白术性燥且闭气，刘涓子在《痈疽论》中说：溃疡患者忌用白术，因为它燥肾闭气，反而会导致生脓疼痛。
【功效】味苦甘，性温，能健脾增进食欲，消化谷物补益中焦，化解胃中的痰饮水湿，调理心下急迫胀满，疏通腰脐部位的血结，祛除周身风湿痹痛。配伍枳实可消除痞块，佐使黄芩可安胎。以茯苓为使药。
【炮制】野术、于潜术、仙居术品质最佳。台州产的白术药力薄弱，只可用于调理一般疾病，若在生死攸关之际，断难依靠它来治疗。江西产的白术，与浙江野术相似，但味道苦涩劣劣不堪使用。可用陈壁土炒，或用乳汁拌蒸，或用糯米泔水浸泡。
【危害】生用会刺伤咽喉。
【功效】味甘平，入脾经，补中益气，安定五脏，滋润心肺，填补精髓，辅助筋骨，祛除风湿，杀灭下三尸虫。
外形似玉竹但稍大，所以俗称为“玉竹黄精”。又有一种类似白芨的，俗称“白芨黄精”，又名山生姜，恐怕不是真正的黄精。需用溪水洗净，经过九次蒸、九次晒干后使用。
山药，又名薯蓣。
【危害】忌与面食同食。
[Adverse Effects] The five zang organs are all yin. People generally know that Atractylodis Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) tonifies the spleen; this refers to the fact that the spleen is an organ of damp-earth, and Baizhu can dry dampness. When dampness is removed, the spleen functions well, hence it is said to tonify. However, if used in cases where there is no pathogenic dampness in the spleen, it will instead dry up the fluids of the spleen, thereby damaging spleen yin. How can this be considered tonification? This is a common error, so it is specifically highlighted for warning. It should be contraindicated in cases of blood deficiency, essence insufficiency, internal heat with bone-steaming sensation, dry mouth and lips, cough with sputum, hematemesis, epistaxis, dental bleeding, throat obstruction, constipation, or dysentery. Those with palpitations or throbbing sensations in the liver and kidney regions should not take it. Baizhu has a drying nature and tends to obstruct qi flow. Liu Juanzi stated in his *Treatise on Carbuncles and Ulcers*: "Baizhu is contraindicated in ulcers because it dries the kidneys and obstructs qi, which may反而 lead to pus formation and pain."
[Therapeutic Actions] Bitter, sweet, and warm in nature. It strengthens the spleen, promotes appetite, aids digestion of grains, tonifies the middle jiao, transforms phlegm-fluids in the stomach, regulates urgency and fullness below the heart, resolves blood stasis in the waist and umbilical region, dispels wind-damp bi-syndromes throughout the body. Combined with Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi, 枳实), it dissipates痞 (fullness); assisted by Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩), it calms the fetus. Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) serves as the guiding herb.
[Processing] Wild Baizhu, Qianyang Baizhu, and Xianju Baizhu are of superior quality. Baizhu produced in Taizhou has weak efficacy and is only suitable for regulating common ailments; it cannot be relied upon in critical life-and-death situations. Baizhu from Jiangxi resembles wild Baizhu from Zhejiang but is bitter and inferior, making it unsuitable for use. It can be stir-fried with aged wall soil, steamed with human milk, or soaked in rice wash water.
[Adverse Effects] When used raw, it can irritate the throat.
[Therapeutic Actions] Sweet and neutral in nature. Enters the spleen meridian. Tonifies the middle and supplements qi, stabilizes the five zang organs, moistens the lungs and heart, fills the essence and marrow, supports sinews and bones, dispels wind-damp, and eliminates the lower three corpse-worms.
It resembles Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Yuzhu, 玉竹) but is slightly larger, hence commonly called "Yuzhu Huangjing." Another variety resembles Bletillae Rhizoma (Baiji, 白芨), commonly called "Baiji Huangjing" or mountain ginger, which is likely not genuine Huangjing. It should be washed with stream water and processed by steaming nine times and sun-drying nine times.
Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao, 山药), also known as Shuyu.
[Adverse Effects] Contraindicated when consumed with wheat-based foods.
[Therapeutic Actions] Sweet and neutral in nature. Enters the spleen, lung, large intestine, and small intestine meridians. Supplements qi, strengthens yin, treats deficiency and consumptive diseases affecting the heart and spleen, promotes muscle growth, calms the spirit, clears deficient heat, stops diarrhea, and secures essence to stop spermatorrhea.
[Processing] Wash clean, slice, and sun-dry, or stir-fry until yellow. For spleen and stomach indications, stir-fry with earth; for kidney indications, stir-fry with salt water.