〔害〕香燥偏阳，大肠素有火热，及中暑热泄暴注，肠风下血，胃火齿痛，及温热积滞
方盛
，泻利初起，皆不宜服，多服则泄气。
〔利〕辛温，入肺、脾、胃、大肠四经。功专温中，亦能下气，脾得补而善运，气自下
也。
又能涩大肠，止虚泻冷痢。
〔修治〕六七月采，出岭南，似草蔻，外有绉纹，内有斑纹，糯米粉裹，或面煨熟，须
去油
净，忌铁。
〔害〕辛热破气，若疟不由于岚瘴，气不实、邪不盛者，并忌。市医不审病源，用以截
痰疟
，则成气虚膨胀者，比比矣。
〔利〕辛温，入脾胃二经，破瘴厉之疟，消痰食之愆，气猛而浊，用宜慎之。
〔修治〕形如诃子，皮黑浓而棱密，子粗而辛臭，面裹煨熟，取仁用，忌铁。
〔害〕辛燥犯血，阴不足者远之。凡疟不由瘴气，心胃痛由于火而不由于寒，泄泻暴注
口渴
，而由于暑气湿热，法咸忌之。
〔利〕辛温，入肺、脾、胃三经。散寒止心腹痛，下气驱逆满之 ，开胃而理霍乱吐泻，
攻
坚而破噎膈症瘕。辛能破滞，香能达脾，温能散寒。
〔修治〕形如龙眼而微长，皮黄白，薄而棱峭。仁辛香，气和，去膜微炒用。滇广所产
名草
果，闽产名草豆蔻也。气异而功用亦别矣。
〔害〕辛温燥烈，大便燥结多汗者忌用。余与白术禁例同。
〔利〕苦辛温，入脾胃二经。燥湿消痰，发汗解郁，除山岚瘴气，弭灾 恶疾。
〔修治〕出茅山，坚小有朱砂点者良。糯米泔浸焙干，同芝麻炒，以制其燥。本草经不
分苍
白。陶隐居分两种施用。
【危害】气味香燥而偏于阳，若大肠原本就有火热之邪，以及中暑热导致的急性水样腹泻、肠风便血、胃火引起的牙齿疼痛，还有温热病伴有积滞（指食物停滞不化）、方盛（指病势正盛），或者腹泻痢疾刚刚发作初期，都不适宜服用，多服会耗伤正气。
【功效】味辛性温，归入肺、脾、胃、大肠四经。功效专门在于温中散寒，也能降气，脾脏得到补益后运化功能良好，气机自然下行。又能涩肠止泻，治疗虚寒性的腹泻和冷痢。
【炮制】在六七月间采集，产于岭南地区，外形像草豆蔻，外表有皱纹，内部有斑纹，用糯米粉包裹，或者用面粉煨熟，必须去尽油分，忌用铁器。
【危害】气味辛热且破气，如果疟疾不是由山岚瘴气引起，或者患者气血不实、邪气不盛的，都应当禁忌。市场上的医生如果不审察病因，用它来截断痰疟，导致变成气虚腹胀的情况，比比皆是。
【功效】味辛性温，归入脾胃二经，能破除瘴厉之气引起的疟疾，消除痰食停滞的过错，药性猛烈而浊重，使用应当谨慎。
【炮制】形状像诃子，皮黑厚且棱角密集，种子粗大且有辛辣臭味，用面粉包裹煨熟，取仁使用，忌用铁器。
【危害】气味辛燥容易伤血，阴液不足的人应远离它。凡是疟疾不由瘴气引起，心胃痛是由于火邪而非寒邪，暴注泄泻且口渴，是由暑气湿热引起，按照法则都应禁忌。
【功效】味辛性温，归入肺、脾、胃三经。能散寒止痛，治疗心腹疼痛，降气驱除气逆满闷，开胃并调理霍乱吐泻，攻坚破结以治疗噎膈症瘕积聚。辛味能破除滞气，香气能通达脾脏，温性能散寒。
【炮制】形状像龙眼但稍长，皮黄白色，薄且棱角陡峭。仁辛香，气平和，去掉内膜微炒后使用。云南、广东所产的称为草果，福建所产的称为草豆蔻。气味不同，功用也有区别。
【危害】气味辛温燥烈，大便干燥秘结或多汗者忌用。其余禁忌与白术相同。
【功效】味苦、辛、性温，归入脾胃二经。能燥湿消痰，发汗解郁，去除山岚瘴气，消除灾殃恶疾。
【炮制】产于茅山，质地坚硬、个头小且有朱砂点的是佳品。用糯米泔水浸泡后焙干，同芝麻一起炒，以制约其燥性。《本草经》不分苍术和白术。陶弘景将两者分开施用。
[Harm] The aroma is dry and leans towards Yang. It is unsuitable for those with pre-existing heat-fire in the Large Intestine, acute watery diarrhea due to summer-heat, intestinal wind with blood in stool, toothache due to stomach fire, warm diseases with food stagnation (accumulation of undigested food), when the pathogenic factor is at its peak, or during the initial stage of dysentery and diarrhea. Excessive consumption will deplete Qi.
[Efficacy] Pungent and warm; enters the Lung, Spleen, Stomach, and Large Intestine meridians. Its primary function is to warm the Middle Jiao and it can also direct Qi downward. When the Spleen is benefited and transport functions well, Qi naturally descends. It can also astringe the Large Intestine to stop deficiency-type cold diarrhea and cold dysentery.
[Processing] Harvested in the sixth and seventh lunar months; produced in Lingnan. It resembles Cao Dou Kou (Grass Cardamom) with wrinkled exterior and mottled interior. It is wrapped in glutinous rice flour or baked in dough until cooked. The oil must be completely removed. Iron utensils are contraindicated.
[Harm] Pungent, hot, and Qi-dispersing. It is strictly contraindicated if malaria is not caused by mountainous miasma, or if the patient has deficient Qi and weak pathogens. Market physicians who fail to examine the disease origin often use it to arrest phlegm-malaria, resulting in cases of Qi-deficiency abdominal distension, which are common.
[Efficacy] Pungent and warm; enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. It breaks through miasma-induced malaria and eliminates errors caused by phlegm and food retention. Its action is fierce and turbid; therefore, caution is advised in its use.
[Processing] Resembles He Zi (Chebula Fruit), with thick black skin and dense ridges. The seed is coarse with a pungent odor. It is wrapped in dough, baked until cooked, and the kernel is used. Iron utensils are contraindicated.
[Harm] Pungent and dry, it damages Blood; those with Yin deficiency should avoid it. It is contraindicated by rule in cases where malaria is not caused by miasma, heart/stomach pain is due to Fire rather than Cold, and sudden violent diarrhea with thirst is due to Summer-heat and Damp-Heat.
[Efficacy] Pungent and warm; enters the Lung, Spleen, and Stomach meridians. It disperses Cold and stops heart/abdominal pain, directs Qi downward to drive away rebellion and fullness, opens the appetite, and regulates Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome) with vomiting and diarrhea. It attacks hardness and breaks Yi Ge (dysphagia) and Zheng Jia (masses). Pungency breaks stagnation, fragrance reaches the Spleen, and warmth disperses Cold.
[Processing] Resembles Long Yan (Longan) but slightly longer, with thin yellow-white skin and sharp ridges. The kernel is pungent and fragrant with a mild nature; remove the membrane and stir-fry lightly before use. Produced in Yunnan and Guangdong, it is called Cao Guo (Tsaiko); produced in Fujian, it is called Cao Dou Kou (Grass Cardamom). Their aromas differ, and so do their functions.
[Harm] Pungent, warm, and drying/acrid. It is contraindicated for those with dry constipation or excessive sweating. Other contraindications are the same as for Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome).
[Efficacy] Bitter, pungent, and warm; enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. It dries Dampness, eliminates Phlegm, induces sweating to resolve depression, removes mountainous miasma, and dispels disasters and evil diseases.
[Processing] Produced in Maoshan; those that are hard, small, and have cinnabar spots are superior. Soak in glutinous rice wash water, bake dry, and stir-fry with sesame seeds to restrain its dryness. Ben Cao Jing did not distinguish between Cang Zhu and Bai Zhu. Tao Hongjing separated them for different applications.