气味辛温，有大毒。主治中风，恶风洗洗出汗，除寒湿痹，咳逆上气，破积聚寒
热。其汁煎之，名射罔，杀禽兽。（《别录》附。）
（《本经》名乌头，《别录》名乌喙，今时名草乌，乃乌头之野生者，处处有之。其根外
黑
内白，皱而枯燥。其性大毒，较之川乌更烈，与前条洁古所言者，不可一例用也。）
（草乌头今杭人多植于庭院，九月开花淡紫娇艳，与菊同时，谓之鹦鸽菊，又谓之双鸾
菊，
花之形状名之。根有大毒，与川中所出之乌头大别。古时或名乌头，或名乌喙，随时所称，
未有分别。后人以形正者，
有似乌鸟之头；其两岐相合而生者，有似乌鸟之喙，以此别之。然形状虽殊，主治则一，亦
可不必分别。隐庵以乌头判
属川乌，以乌喙判属草乌，盖恐后人以混称误用，或致伤人故耳。虽属强分，其用心大有益
于天下后世。）
乌喙虽亦名乌头，实乃土附子也。性劣有毒，但能搜风胜湿，开顽痰，破坚积，治顽疮，
以
毒攻毒，不能如附子益太阳之标阳，助少阳之火热，而使神机之环转，用者辨之。
（草乌之毒甚于川乌，盖川乌由人力种莳，当时则采。草乌乃野生地上，多历岁月，故
其气
力尤为勇悍。犹之芋子，人植者无毒可啖，野生者有毒不可啖，其理一也。又，川乌先经盐
淹杀其烈性，寄至远方，为日稍久，故其毒少减。草乌未经淹制，或兼现取宜，其毒之较甚
也。卢不远曰∶人病有四痹风痿厥。草乌力唯宣痹风。阳行有四，曰升降出入。草乌力唯从
升出，但阳喜独行而专操杀业。如刚愎人所当避忌。采乌头捣汁煎之，名曰射罔。猎人以付
箭镞射鸟兽，中者立死，中人亦立死。《日华本草》云∶人中射罔毒，以甘草、蓝汁、小豆
叶、浮萍、冷水、荠 皆可解，用一味御之。）
气味辛、温，有大毒。主治中风，恶风且瑟瑟出汗，去除寒湿痹痛，咳逆上气，破除积聚之寒热。（《名医别录》附。）
（《神农本草经》名为乌头，《名医别录》名为乌喙，现今称为草乌，是乌头的野生品种，各地都有。它的根外部黑色内部白色，皱缩而干枯燥裂。其性大毒，比川乌更猛烈，与前文洁古先生所说的用法，不能一概而论使用。）
（现在的草乌头，杭州人多在庭院种植，九月开出淡紫色娇艳的花朵，与菊花同时开放，被称为鹦鸽菊，又被称为双鸾菊，是根据花的形状命名的。根部有大毒，与四川出产的乌头大不相同。古时候有时叫乌头，有时叫乌喙，随着时间不同而称呼不同，没有严格区分。后人根据形状来辨别：形状端正的，像乌鸦的头；两个分岐合生在一起的，像乌鸦的嘴，以此来区分它们。然而虽然形状不同，主治功效则一致，也可以不必强行区分。隐庵将乌头判定属于川乌，将乌喙判定属于草乌，大概是担心后人混淆称呼而误用，可能导致伤人的缘故吧。虽然属于强行区分，但其用心对天下后世大有益处。）
乌喙虽然也叫乌头，实际上乃是土附子。性质恶劣有毒，只能搜剔风邪、胜除湿气，开通顽痰，破除坚硬积聚，治疗顽固疮疡，以毒攻毒，不能像附子那样增益太阳经的标阳，助长少阳经的火热，从而使神机运转环流，使用者必须仔细辨别。
（草乌的毒性甚于川乌，大概因为川乌是经过人力种植栽培，当时就采摘的。草乌则是野生在地上的，经历岁月较长，所以它的气力尤为勇猛强悍。就像芋头一样，人工种植的无毒可以吃，野生的有毒不可吃，道理是一样的。另外，川乌先经过盐腌制以杀其烈性，寄送到远方，日子稍久，所以毒性减少一些。草乌未经过腌制，或者兼有现取现用的情况，所以它的毒性比较厉害。卢不远说：人的病有四种，即痹、风、痿、厥。草乌的力量只能宣通痹风和。阳气运行有四个方面，叫做升、降、出、入。草乌的力量只从升和出发挥作用，但阳气喜欢独自运行而专门操持杀伐之事。就像刚愎自用的人应当避忌一样。采集乌头捣碎取汁煎煮，名叫射罔。猎人用它涂在箭头上射鸟兽，中箭者立即死亡，中人也会立即死亡。《日华子本草》说：人中了射罔的毒，用甘草、蓝汁、小豆叶、浮萍、冷水、荠菜中的任意一味都可以解毒，只用其中一味来抵御即可。）
The flavor is pungent and warm, with great toxicity. It treats wind-stroke (Zhong Feng), aversion to wind accompanied by shivering sweating, eliminates cold-dampness bi-syndrome (Bi Zheng), rebellious cough and upward rushing of qi, and breaks up accumulations of cold and heat. Its juice, when boiled, is called She Wang (Poisonous Arrow Paste), used to kill birds and beasts. (Attached from *Bie Lu*.)
(*Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* names it Wu Tou; *Bie Lu* names it Wu Hui; currently known as Cao Wu, which is the wild variety of Wu Tou, found everywhere. Its root is black on the outside and white on the inside, wrinkled and dry. Its nature is highly toxic, more intense than Chuan Wu, and cannot be used indiscriminately as mentioned in Jie Gu's previous remarks.)
(Cao Wu Tou is now often planted in courtyards by people in Hangzhou. It blooms in September with pale purple, delicate flowers, appearing at the same time as chrysanthemums, hence called Ying Ge Ju (Parrot Pigeon Chrysanthemum) or Shuang Luan Ju (Double Phoenix Chrysanthemum), named after its floral shape. The root has great toxicity, significantly different from that produced in Sichuan. In ancient times, it was sometimes called Wu Tou and sometimes Wu Hui, with no distinction made based on the era. Later generations distinguished them by shape: those with a regular shape resembling a crow's head were called Wu Tou; those with two branches merging together resembling a crow's beak were called Wu Hui. Although their shapes differ, their therapeutic effects are identical, so strict distinction is not necessary. Yin An classified Wu Tou as belonging to Chuan Wu and Wu Hui as belonging to Cao Wu, likely fearing that later generations might confuse the terms and use them incorrectly, potentially causing harm. Although this is a forced distinction, his intention greatly benefits the world and future generations.)
Although Wu Hui is also called Wu Tou, it is essentially Tu Fu Zi (Local Aconite). Its nature is inferior and toxic; it can only search out wind and overcome dampness, open stubborn phlegm, break hard accumulations, and treat stubborn sores by using toxicity to combat toxicity. It cannot, like Fu Zi, augment the superficial yang of the Taiyang channel, assist the fire-heat of the Shaoyang channel, and facilitate the circular rotation of Shen Ji (Spirit Mechanism). Users must distinguish between them carefully.
(The toxicity of Cao Wu exceeds that of Chuan Wu. This is because Chuan Wu is cultivated by human effort and harvested at the appropriate time, whereas Cao Wu grows wild above ground and ages over many years, making its energy particularly fierce. This is analogous to taro: cultivated taro is non-toxic and edible, while wild taro is toxic and inedible; the principle is the same. Furthermore, Chuan Wu is first salted to reduce its harshness, then shipped long distances, taking time, thus slightly reducing its toxicity. Cao Wu is unprocessed by salting and may be freshly harvested for immediate use, resulting in greater toxicity. Lu Bu Yuan stated: Human diseases include four types—Bi (obstruction), Feng (wind), Wei (atrophy/withering), and Jue (reversal/cold limbs). Cao Wu's power only宣 (disseminates/opens) Bi and Feng. Yang Qi movement has four aspects: ascending, descending, exiting, and entering. Cao Wu's power operates only through ascending and exiting. However, Yang Qi tends to act independently and exclusively engages in killing activities. Like a stubborn person who should be avoided, one must exercise caution. Collecting Wu Tou, crushing it to extract juice, and boiling it produces She Wang. Hunters apply it to arrowheads to shoot birds and beasts; those hit die instantly. If it hits a human, death is also instant. *Ri Hua Ben Cao* states: For poisoning by She Wang, any one of the following can detoxify: Gan Cao (Licorice Root), Lan Zhi (Indigo Juice), Xiao Dou Ye (Vigna Seed Leaf), Fu Ping (Duckweed), Leng Shui (Cold Water), or Ji Cai (Shepherd's Purse). Using just one of these alone is sufficient to counteract it.)