气味苦寒，有毒，主治大水，身面四肢浮肿，下水，杀蛊毒，咳逆上气，及食诸果，
病在胸腹中，皆吐下之。
（ 今作蒂，反蒂一名苦丁香，乃甜瓜蒂也。《别录》云∶瓜蒂生蒿高平泽，七月七日
采，
阴干。今则甜瓜一种，北土中州处处皆莳植矣。三月下种，延蔓而生叶，大数寸，五六月开
黄花，六七月瓜熟，其类最繁，有圆有长，有尖有扁，
大或径尺，小或一捻，或有棱，或无棱，或色或青、或绿、或黄斑、或糁斑、
或白路、或黄路、其瓤或白或红，其
子或黄或赤，或白或黑。《王祯农书》云∶瓜品甚多，不可枚举，以状得名者，有龙肝、虎
掌、兔头、狸首、羊髓、蜜筒之称。以色得名者，有乌瓜、白团、黄 、白 、小青、大斑
之别。然其味不出乎香甜而已，雷 曰∶凡使勿用白瓜蒂，要取青绿色，瓜气足时，其蒂自
然落在蔓上者，采得系屋东有风处吹干用。）
（今浙中之香瓜即甜瓜也。诸瓜之中唯此瓜最甜，故名甜瓜。亦唯此瓜有香，故谓之香
瓜，余
瓜不尔也。今人治黄胆初起，取其蒂烧灰存性，用少许吸鼻中，流出黄水而愈，极验。）
甜瓜生于嵩高平泽，味甘，臭香，色黄。盖禀天地中央之正气，其瓜极甜，其蒂极苦，
合火
土相生之气化，故主治大水，及身面四肢浮肿。所以然者，禀火土之气，达于四旁，而能制
化其水湿，故又曰∶下水。土气营运，故杀蛊毒。苦主下泄，故治咳逆上气。苦能上涌，又
主下泄，故食诸果病在胸腹中者，皆可吐下之也。
愚按∶苦为阴，甘为阳，此系蔓草，性唯上延，以极苦之蒂，生极甜之瓜，直从下而上，
从
匮》方作为吐剂。
气味苦寒，有毒，主治大水（指严重的全身性水肿），身体、面部及四肢浮肿，能通利小便以排水湿，杀灭蛊毒（指寄生虫或中毒性疾病），治疗咳嗽气逆，以及食用各种水果后，病邪停留在胸腹中的情况，均可通过催吐或泻下的方法治疗。
（现在写作“蒂”，反蒂又名苦丁香，就是甜瓜蒂。《名医别录》记载：瓜蒂生长在蒿高平的沼泽地带，七月七日采集，阴干。现在则是甜瓜这一种，北方土地和中原地区到处都种植了。三月下种，藤蔓延伸生长叶子，大几寸，五六月开黄花，六七月瓜熟，其种类非常多，有圆的有长的，有尖的有扁的，大的直径一尺，小的一捻即可握住，有的有棱，有的无棱，颜色有的是青色、绿色、黄色带斑纹、白色带斑纹、白色脉络、黄色脉络，瓜瓤有的白有的红，瓜子有的黄、赤、白、黑。《王祯农书》说：瓜的品种很多，无法一一列举，以形状命名的，有龙肝、虎掌、兔头、狸首、羊髓、蜜筒之称。以颜色命名的，有乌瓜、白团、黄、白、小青、大斑的区别。然而它们的味道不出香甜之外。雷敩说：凡使用不要选用白色的瓜蒂，要选取青绿色的，在瓜气充足时，瓜蒂自然脱落落在藤蔓上的，采集后系在有风的屋檐东面吹干使用。）
（现在浙江地区的香瓜就是甜瓜。各种瓜中只有这种瓜最甜，所以叫甜瓜。也只有这种瓜有香气，所以叫香瓜，其他瓜不是这样。现在人治疗黄疸初起，取瓜蒂烧成灰保留药性，用少许吸入鼻中，流出黄水而痊愈，非常灵验。）
甜瓜生长在嵩山高地和平原沼泽，味甘，气味香，色黄。大概禀受了天地中央的正气，它的瓜极甜，它的蒂极苦，结合了火土相生之气化，所以主治大水，以及身体、面部、四肢浮肿。之所以如此，是因为禀受火土之气，通达于四周，从而能够制约和化解水湿，所以说：能通利小便排水湿。土气营运，所以能杀灭蛊毒。苦味主向下泄降，所以治疗咳嗽气逆。苦味又能向上涌吐，又主向下泄降，所以食用各种水果导致病邪在胸腹中的，都可以用催吐或泻下的方法治疗。
愚按：苦为阴，甘为阳，这是蔓生草本植物，性质唯向上延伸，以极苦的瓜蒂，生出极甜的瓜，直接从下而上，《金匮要略》将其作为吐剂使用。
The flavor is bitter and cold, and it is toxic. It primarily treats severe edema (massive water retention), swelling of the body, face, and limbs; promotes urination to drain dampness; kills gu poison (parasitic or toxic diseases); treats cough with rebellious qi; and when various fruits are ingested causing pathogenic factors to remain in the chest and abdomen, both emetic and purgative methods can be employed.
(Now written as "Di", Fan Di is also known as Ku Ding Xiang, which refers to the melon stalk. *Bie Lu* states: Melon stalks grow in marshy areas of Hao Gao, harvested on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, and dried in the shade. Currently, it refers to the sweet melon variety, cultivated everywhere in northern lands and central regions. Seeds are sown in March, vines extend and grow leaves, several inches in size. Yellow flowers bloom in May and June; melons ripen in June and July. The varieties are numerous: round or long, pointed or flat, large ones up to a foot in diameter, small ones fitting in a pinch; some have ridges, some do not; colors include green, dark green, yellow with spots, white with spots, white veins, or yellow veins. The flesh may be white or red; seeds may be yellow, red, white, or black. *Wang Zhen's Agricultural Book* notes: Melon varieties are too many to list. Those named by shape include Dragon Liver, Tiger Palm, Rabbit Head, Civet Cat Head, Sheep Marrow, and Honey Tube. Those named by color include Black Melon, White Round, Yellow, White, Small Green, and Large Spotted. However, their flavors are limited to sweet and fragrant. Lei Xiao stated: When using, do not use white melon stalks; select those that are greenish-blue, harvested when the melon's qi is full and the stalk naturally falls onto the vine. Collect them and hang them in a breezy place under the east eaves to dry.)
(The aromatic melon in Zhejiang is the sweet melon. Among all melons, this one is the sweetest, hence the name Sweet Melon. Only this melon has fragrance, hence called Aromatic Melon; others are not so. Currently, people treat early-stage jaundice by burning the melon stalk to ash while retaining its medicinal properties, taking a small amount, inhaling it into the nose, and draining yellow fluid until cured. This is highly effective.)
Sweet melons grow in high mountains and flat marshes. The flavor is sweet, the odor is fragrant, and the color is yellow. It likely inherits the upright qi of the center of heaven and earth. Its fruit is extremely sweet, and its stalk is extremely bitter, combining the transformative qi of Fire generating Earth. Therefore, it treats massive water retention and swelling of the body, face, and limbs. This is because it inherits the qi of Fire and Earth, reaching the four peripheries, thereby controlling and transforming water-dampness. Hence it is said to promote urination to drain dampness. The operational qi of Earth kills gu poison. Bitterness directs downward drainage, thus treating cough with rebellious qi. Bitterness can also induce upward vomiting and direct downward drainage; therefore, for conditions caused by eating various fruits where pathogens reside in the chest and abdomen, both emetic and purgative treatments are applicable.
Commentary: Bitterness is Yin, sweetness is Yang. This is a climbing herbaceous plant, with a nature that extends upward. From the extremely bitter stalk grows the extremely sweet fruit, moving directly from below to above. *Jin Gui Yao Lue* utilizes it as an emetic agent.