气味辛苦温滑，无毒。主治金疮疮败，轻身，不饥，耐老。
（薤处处有之，正月发苗，叶状似韭，韭叶中实而扁，有剑脊，薤叶中空似细葱，而有
棱，
气亦如葱。二月开细花紫白色，一茎一根，根如小蒜，叶青根白，入药只用其根，故曰薤白
、与韭白、葱白同一义也。根之色亦有微赤者，赤者苦而不辛，白者辛而不苦，入药以白者
为佳。）
薤用在下之根，气味辛温，其性从下而上，主助生阳之气上升者也。《金匮》胸痹证，
有瓜
蒌薤白白酒汤，反蒌薤白半夏汤，枳实薤白桂枝汤，皆取自下而上从阴出阳之义。金疮疮败
，则皮肌经脉虚寒。薤白辛温，从内达外，故能治之，生阳上升，则轻身不饥耐老。
气味苦涩，大寒，无毒。主治骨间寒热，惊痫邪气，续绝伤，定五脏，杀蛊毒。
（龙胆始出齐朐山谷及冤句，今处处有之，以吴兴者为胜，宿根生苗，一窠有根十余条，
类
茎高尺余，纤细状如小竹枝，花开青碧色，冬后结子苗便枯，俗名草龙胆。又一种山龙胆，
其叶经霜雪不凋，此同
类而别种也。）
龙胆草根味极苦，气兼涩，性大寒。茎如竹枝，花开青碧，禀东方木气，故有龙胆之名。
龙
甲木，苦走骨，故主治骨间寒热。涩类酸，故除惊痫邪气。胆主骨，肝主筋，故续绝伤。五
脏六腑皆取决于胆，故定五
脏。山下有风曰虫，风气升而蛊毒自杀矣。
气味：辛、苦，温，滑利。无毒。主治金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）及疮疡溃败，能轻身，使人不感饥饿，延缓衰老。
（薤白各地都有生长，正月发芽，叶片形状像韭菜。韭菜叶中间实心而扁平，有剑脊般的棱线；薤叶中间空心，像细葱，但有棱，气味也像葱。二月开细小的紫白色花，一茎一根，根部像小蒜，叶子青色，根部白色，入药只用其根，所以叫薤白，与韭白、葱白的命名意义相同。根的色泽也有微红的，红色的味苦而不辛，白色的味辛而不苦，入药以白色的为佳。）
薤白使用位于下部的根部，气味辛温，其性质是从下向上，主要辅助生发阳气上升。《金匮要略》中治疗胸痹证，有瓜蒌薤白白酒汤、瓜蒌薤白半夏汤、枳实薤白桂枝汤，这些方剂都取自从下而上、从阴出阳的意义。金疮或疮疡溃败时，皮肤肌肉经脉处于虚寒状态。薤白辛温，能从内达外，因此能治疗此症，生发之气上升，则能轻身、不饥、耐老。
气味：苦、涩，大寒。无毒。主治骨节间的寒热，惊痫邪气，接续断绝的损伤，安定五脏，杀灭蛊毒。
（龙胆草最初产于齐朐山谷及冤句，现在各地都有，以吴兴出产的质量最好。宿根生出苗，一丛有十余条根，类似茎高尺余，纤细状如小竹枝，花开青碧色，冬后结子苗便枯，俗名草龙胆。又有一种山龙胆，其叶经霜雪不凋，这是同类而不同种。）
龙胆草根味道极苦，气兼涩，性大寒。茎如竹枝，花开青碧，禀受东方木气，故有龙胆之名。龙属甲木，苦味走骨，故主治骨间寒热。涩类酸，故除惊痫邪气。胆主骨，肝主筋，故续绝伤。五脏六腑皆取决于胆，故定五脏。山下有风曰虫，风气升而蛊毒自杀矣。
Flavor and Nature: Acrid, bitter, warm, slippery. Non-toxic. Indicated for metal weapon wounds (Jinchuang) and ulcerative sores; can lighten the body, suppress hunger, and promote longevity.
(Xiebai grows everywhere. Sprouts in the first lunar month. Leaves resemble those of Allium tuberosum L. (Jiucai), which are solid in the center, flat, and have a sword-like ridge. Xiebai leaves are hollow like Allium fistulosum L. (Cong) but have ridges, and their odor is similar to scallions. In the second lunar month, small purple-white flowers bloom on single stems with single roots. The root resembles a small garlic bulb. The leaves are green, and the root is white. Only the root is used medicinally, hence the name "Xiebai" (White Scallion/Leek). This naming convention is identical to that of Jiu Bai (White Garlic Chive) and Cong Bai (White Scallion). Some roots have a slight reddish hue. Red ones are bitter but not acrid; white ones are acrid but not bitter. White roots are preferred for medicinal use.)
The root of Xiebai, located at the lower part, has an acrid and warm flavor/nature. Its property moves from below upwards, primarily assisting the ascent of Sheng Yang Qi (generating Yang Qi). In *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), formulas for treating Xiong Bi (Chest Bi Syndrome) such as Gualou Xiebai Baizhi Tang (Trichosanthes Fruit, Rhizoma Allii Macrostemonis, and White Wine Decoction), Gualou Xiebai Banxia Tang (Trichosanthes Fruit, Rhizoma Allii Macrostemonis, and Pinellia Tuber Decoction), and Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange, Rhizoma Allii Macrostemonis, and Cinnamon Twig Decoction), all embody the principle of moving from below to above and emerging from Yin into Yang. When metal wounds or ulcerative sores occur, the skin, muscles, and meridians become deficient and cold. Xiebai is acrid and warm, acting from the interior to the exterior, thus capable of treating these conditions. As Sheng Yang Qi ascends, it lightens the body, suppresses hunger, and promotes longevity.
Flavor and Nature: Bitter, astringent, very cold. Non-toxic. Indicated for cold-heat sensations in the bones, fright epilepsy and pathogenic factors, healing severe injuries, stabilizing the Five Zang Organs, and killing gu poison.
(Dragon's Blood Root, Longdan Cao, originally grew in Qiqu Valley and Yuanju. It is now found everywhere, with specimens from Wuxing being superior. Perennial roots sprout shoots; one clump has over ten roots. The stem is over a chi tall, slender like small bamboo branches. Flowers are blue-green. Seeds form after winter, and the seedlings wither. Commonly known as Caolongdan. Another variety, Shanlongdan, has leaves that do not wither after frost and snow. These are related but distinct species.)
The root of Longdan Cao is extremely bitter in flavor and astringent in qi, with a very cold nature. The stem resembles bamboo, and the flowers are blue-green. It inherits the Wood Qi of the East, hence the name "Longdan" (Dragon Gallbladder). Dragons belong to Jia Wood. Bitter flavors enter the bones; therefore, it treats cold-heat sensations in the bones. Astringency is akin to sourness; therefore, it dispels fright epilepsy and pathogenic factors. The Gallbladder governs the bones, and the Liver governs the sinews; therefore, it heals severe injuries. The Six Fu Organs and Five Zang Organs all depend on the Gallbladder; therefore, it stabilizes the Five Zang Organs. Wind beneath the mountain is called "Chong" (worms/poison). When Wind Qi ascends, Gu Poison is naturally destroyed.