味苦，性平，无毒。入肝经。醋炒。
下血积有神，化坚癖为水。
昔有患癖死者，遗言开腹取视得病块，坚如石，纹理五色，人谓异物，窃作刀柄，后以
刀刈
三棱，柄消成水，故治癖多用焉。
洁古谓三棱泻真气，虚者勿用。东垣五积诸方，皆有人参赞助，如专用克削，脾胃
愈虚
，不能营运，积安得去乎。
味甘咸，性平，无毒。入心、肝、脾三经。
能除新旧之瘀血，兼宣表里之风邪。
苏木理血，与红花同功，少用和血，多用即破血也。故能治跌扑损伤、壅塞作痛。其治
风者
，所谓治风先治血，血行风自灭也。
一名血竭。味甘咸，性平，有小毒。入心、肝二经。
凡用另研，若同他药捣，则化为飞尘。产于外国，难得真者，磨之透甲，烧灰不变色者
佳。
走南方，兼达东方，遂作阴经之主。和新血，且推陈血，真为止痛之君。
乳香、没药兼主气血，此则专于血分者也。善收疮口，然性急，不可多使，却能引脓。
味咸，苦，性平。入肝经。畏锻石。盐炒枯黄。
恶血积聚，闭结坚牢，炒末调吞多效。赤白丹肿，痈毒初生，竹筒含咂有功。
咸走血，苦胜血，故为攻血要药。
味咸，性寒，有毒。畏皂荚、菖蒲、屋游。即地鳖虫。
去血积，搜剔极周，主折伤，补接至妙。煎含而木舌旋消，水服而乳浆立至。
仲景有大黄 虫丸，以有攻坚下血之功也。虚人斟酌用之。
味苦，性平，无毒。入肝经（肝脏所属的经络）。醋炒（用醋拌炒炮制）。
能消除血积（瘀血积聚），将坚硬的癖块（腹内结块）化为水液消散。
过去有患癖病而死的人，临终遗言要求开腹查看，发现病变肿块坚硬如石头，纹理呈现五色，人们认为是异物，偷偷拿来当作刀柄。后来用刀砍削三棱草，刀柄竟然消融变成水，所以治疗癖病多使用它。
洁古（张元素）认为三棱会泻损真气，体质虚弱者不要使用。东垣（李杲）治疗五积（寒、气、血、食、痰五种积滞）的各种方剂中，都加入人参来赞助正气，如果专门使用克削攻伐的药物，脾胃会更加虚弱，不能运化运行，积滞怎么能去除呢？
味甘咸，性平，无毒。入心、肝、脾三经（心脏、肝脏、脾脏所属的经络）。
能清除新近和久远的瘀血，兼能宣散表里之风邪（侵袭体表和内里的风邪）。
苏木调理血液，功效与红花相同，少量使用可调和血液，大量使用则能破血（破除瘀血）。所以能治疗跌打损伤、气血壅塞导致的疼痛。它治疗风病的作用，就是所谓“治风先治血，血行风自灭”的道理。
一名血竭（龙血竭）。味甘咸，性平，有小毒。入心、肝二经。
凡是使用时需单独研磨，如果与其他药物一起捣碎，则会变成飞尘。产于外国，难得真品，磨之能透指甲，烧成灰后不变色的为佳。
药性走南方（火位），兼达东方（木位），遂成为阴经的主药。能生新血，且推陈致旧（排出陈旧血液），真是止痛的要药。
乳香、没药兼主气和血，此药则专于血分（血液层面）。善于收敛疮口，但药性急烈，不可多用，却能引导脓液排出。
味咸，苦，性平。入肝经。畏锻石（一种矿物药）。盐炒至枯黄。
恶血积聚，闭结坚牢，炒成末调服多有疗效。赤白丹肿（红肿热痛）、痈毒初生，用竹筒含吸拔毒有功。
咸味入血，苦能胜血，所以是攻逐瘀血的重要药物。
味咸，性寒，有毒。畏皂荚、菖蒲、屋游（即瓦松）。即地鳖虫（土鳖虫）。
去除血积，搜剔极为周全，主治折伤（骨折外伤），补接筋骨效果极佳。煎煮含漱可使木舌（舌体肿胀僵硬）旋转消退，水服可使乳汁立即到来。
仲景（张仲景）有大黄䗪虫丸，是因为它有攻坚下血（攻破坚积、下行瘀血）的功效。体质虚弱之人斟酌使用。
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver Meridian (Liver Channel). Prepared with vinegar stir-frying.
It is miraculous in eliminating blood stasis accumulations and transforming hard masses into fluid for dissipation.
In the past, a person suffering from a mass disease died and left instructions to open the abdomen for examination. A pathological mass was found, hard as stone, with five-colored textures. People considered it an alien object and secretly used it as a knife handle. Later, when Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma) was chopped with this knife, the handle melted into water. Therefore, it is often used to treat masses.
Jiegou (Zhang Yuansu) stated that Sanleng drains true Qi; it should not be used by those with deficiency. In Dongyuan's (Li Gao) formulas for treating the Five Accumulations (Cold, Qi, Blood, Food, Phlegm), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) is always added to support the righteous Qi. If one exclusively uses harsh draining drugs, the Spleen and Stomach will become more deficient and unable to transport and transform, so how can the accumulations be removed?
Sweet and salty in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Heart, Liver, and Spleen Meridians.
It can eliminate both recent and old blood stasis and simultaneously disseminate wind pathogens affecting both the exterior and interior.
Sumu (Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae) regulates blood and shares the same efficacy as Honghua (Carthami Flos). Used in small amounts, it harmonizes blood; used in large amounts, it breaks blood stasis. Thus, it can treat traumatic injuries, qi and blood congestion, and pain. Its treatment of wind diseases follows the principle: "To treat wind, first treat the blood; when blood flows, wind naturally extinguishes."
Also known as Xuejie (Dragon's Blood). Sweet and salty in flavor, neutral in nature, slightly toxic. Enters the Heart and Liver Meridians.
When used, it must be ground separately; if pounded together with other herbs, it turns into flying dust. It originates from foreign lands, and genuine products are rare. The best quality grinds through fingernails and does not change color when burned to ash.
Its action moves toward the South (Fire position) and reaches the East (Wood position), making it a principal herb for Yin meridians. It generates new blood and pushes out old blood; truly, it is the sovereign herb for stopping pain.
Ruxiang (Olibanum) and Moyao (Myrrha) govern both Qi and Blood, whereas this herb specializes in the Blood level. It excels at closing wound openings, but its nature is urgent/intense and should not be overused; however, it can guide pus discharge.
Salty and bitter in flavor, neutral in nature. Enters the Liver Meridian. It is incompatible with Duanshi (Calcinatum Ostracis Concha). Prepared by salt stir-frying until charred yellow.
For evil blood accumulations that are closed and firmly consolidated, taking the fried powder mixed with liquid is highly effective. For red and white Dan swelling (erysipelas/redness and swelling) and early-stage carbuncles and toxins, using a bamboo tube for suction has merit.
Salty enters the blood, and bitter overcomes blood; therefore, it is an essential drug for attacking blood stasis.
Salty in flavor, cold in nature, toxic. Incompatible with Zaojia (Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus Spina), Changpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), and Wuyou (Pogostemon cablin / or specifically referring to瓦松 Sedum aizoon). It is Ditie Chong (Eupolyphaga Steleophaga).
It removes blood accumulations and searches/clears thoroughly. It primarily treats fractures and injuries, offering excellent effects in repairing and connecting tissues. Decoction for mouthwash causes swollen tongue (wooden tongue) to subside quickly; oral administration causes milk secretion to arrive immediately.
Zhongjing (Zhang Zhongjing) formulated Dahuang Zhechong Wan because of its ability to break down hard accumulations and purge blood stasis. Those with deficiency constitution should use it with caution.