味微苦，性寒。入肺，脾、肝诸经。
散风去湿，解热止痛，感冒鼻塞，用之可通。
此即一般杨柳之芽，须尚未飞花者为佳。
味苦、甘，性寒。入肺、肝二经。
散风解热，治感冒与干咳。清上平肝，疗眩晕与头疼。耳鸣重听，视弱目昏。桑菊往往
偕行
，表里均治着称。风湿日久，健筋骨配以乌麻。疫喉初起，清高热伍以葛根。痨热可用其止
汗，肤痒能仗其安宁。嫩叶煎酒醴关节通利，蚕蚀之残络，喉患堪珍。沏茶止渴，沐发生新
。作汤洗浴老年麻木遍于肢体，研汁涂小儿吻疮延及牙龈。经霜为上，气质尤纯。
《石室秘录》谓桑叶乃收汗之妙品。与乌麻（即黑芝麻）共为蜜丸，即桑麻丸，尚可却
老驻颜
。蚕蚀之残络，其上有蚕涎附着，故因痰热之咽喉疼痛，音哑声嘶者多效。因药肆不备，须
预蓄之。
味甘，性微寒，无毒。入肺、肾二经。枸杞、桑白皮为使，去蒂。
散风清热，明目平肝。头痛眩晕，耳鸣心烦。血脉欠利，风阳上干。令发不白，耐老驻
颜。
饮水益寿，郦有菊潭。野生苦薏，解毒凉肝。疗疮痈疖，用之咸安。
独禀金精，善制风木，高巅之上，惟风可到，故主用多在上部。目者，肝之窍也；泪者，
肝之
热也，宜其瘳矣。
味辛，性微温，无毒。入脾、胃二经。忌见火。
发汗解表，和中利湿。暑期感冒，无汗发热。腹痛吐利，阳为阴遏。
治乘凉饮冷，阳气为阴邪所遏，以致头疼、发热、烦躁、口渴。吐泻者宜用之；以发越
阳气
，散水和脾则愈。若劳役受热，反用香薷，是重虚其表，而又济之以温，则大误矣。
香薷乃夏月解表之剂，无表邪者戒之。
味微苦，性寒。入肺、脾、肝诸经。
散发风邪，去除湿气，解除热邪并止痛，对于感冒引起的鼻塞，使用它可以使鼻窍通畅。
这就是普通的杨柳树的嫩芽，以叶芽尚未开放花朵的为佳。
味苦、甘，性寒。入肺、肝二经。
散发风邪，解除热邪，治疗感冒与干咳。清利上焦，平抑肝阳，治疗眩晕与头痛。耳鸣、听力减退，视力减弱、眼睛昏花。桑叶与菊花往往配合使用，在表里同治方面著称。风湿病日久，配伍黑芝麻以强健筋骨。疫病咽喉初起，清解高热时配伍葛根。虚劳发热可用它来止汗，皮肤瘙痒能依靠它获得安宁。嫩叶煎煮成酒剂可使关节通利；被蚕啃食过的残枝，其上有蚕涎附着，对于咽喉疾患尤为珍贵。泡茶可止渴，洗头可使头发更新。煮汤洗浴可治疗老年人肢体遍身麻木，研磨汁液涂抹可治疗小儿口角疮蔓延至牙龈的情况。经霜后的桑叶为上品，药性气质更加纯正。《石室秘录》称桑叶是收敛汗液的妙品。与黑芝麻（即乌麻）共同制成蜜丸，即桑麻丸，还可以延缓衰老、保持容颜。被蚕啃食的残枝，其上有蚕涎附着，因此对于因痰热导致的咽喉疼痛、声音嘶哑者多有效。因为药店不一定常备，需要预先储备。
味甘，性微寒，无毒。入肺、肾二经。以枸杞、桑白皮为使药，去掉蒂头。
散发风邪，清除热邪，明目，平抑肝阳。治疗头痛眩晕，耳鸣心烦。血脉不通利，风阳上扰。使头发不白，延缓衰老，保持容颜。
饮水益寿，如郦道元所记载的菊潭之水。野生的苦薏（菊花），解毒凉肝。治疗疮疡痈肿疖子，使用它让人安心。
独禀金气之精，善于制约风木之气。人体高巅之上，只有风邪能够到达，所以主要应用于上部病症。眼睛是肝的窍穴；眼泪是肝的热象，所以它能治愈眼疾。
味辛，性微温，无毒。入脾、胃二经。忌见火。
发汗解表，调和脾胃，利湿。治疗夏季感冒，无汗发热。腹痛吐泻，阳气被阴邪遏制。
治疗因乘凉饮冷，导致阳气被阴邪所遏制，从而引起头痛、发热、烦躁、口渴。出现呕吐腹泻者适宜使用；通过发散阳气，散水和脾即可痊愈。如果是劳累受热所致，反而使用香薷，这是使体表更虚，又用温性药物助热，那就大错特错了。
香薷是夏季解表的药剂，没有表邪者禁止使用。
Bitter, slightly bitter in taste, cold in nature. Enters the Lung, Spleen, and Liver meridians.
Disperses wind, removes dampness, clears heat, and relieves pain; for nasal congestion caused by a common cold, its use can unblock the orifices.
This refers to the buds of ordinary willow trees; those where the leaf buds have not yet bloomed into flowers are superior.
Bitter and sweet in taste, cold in nature. Enters the Lung and Liver meridians.
Disperses wind and clears heat, treating colds and dry coughs. Clears the upper jiao and pacifies the Liver, treating vertigo and headache. For tinnitus, hearing loss, blurred vision, and dim eyesight, Sangye (Mulberry Leaf) and Juhua (Chrysanthemum) often go hand in hand, renowned for their efficacy in treating both exterior and interior conditions. For chronic wind-dampness, it is paired with Sesamum indicum var. nigrum (Black Sesame) to strengthen sinews and bones. In the early stages of epidemic throat diseases, it is combined with Puerariae Radix (Ge Gen) to clear high fever. It can be used to stop sweating in consumptive fevers, and its calming effect alleviates skin itching. Decoction of tender leaves in wine promotes joint mobility; mulberry branches eaten by silkworms, which have silkworm saliva attached, are precious for treating throat ailments. Brewing as tea quenches thirst; washing hair with it promotes hair renewal. Boiling for bathwater treats generalized numbness in the limbs of the elderly; grinding into juice and applying it treats infant angular cheilitis spreading to the gums. Mulberry leaves exposed to frost are considered superior, possessing purer medicinal properties. *Shishi Milu* states that Sangye is an excellent herb for stopping sweating. Made into honey pills with Sesamum indicum var. nigrum (Wuma), it forms Sangma Wan, which can also retard aging and preserve youth. The mulberry branches eaten by silkworms, having silkworm saliva attached, are particularly effective for sore throats and hoarseness caused by phlegm-heat. Since these are not always stocked in pharmacies, they should be stored in advance.
Sweet in taste, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung and Kidney meridians. Used with Gouqi (Lycium Fruit) and Sangbaipi (Morus Bark) as guiding herbs, removing the pedicels.
Disperses wind and clears heat, brightens the eyes, and pacifies the Liver. Treats headache, vertigo, tinnitus, and irritability. Improves blood vessel circulation and subdues ascending wind-yang. Prevents graying of hair, retards aging, and preserves youth.
Drinking water contributes to longevity, as recorded in the Ju Tan (Chrysanthemum Pool). Wild bitter Artemisia (Juying), clears heat and cools the Liver. It is used safely for treating sores, carbuncles, and boils.
It uniquely embodies the essence of Metal, effectively controlling Wind-Wood. On the high peaks of the body, only wind can reach, hence its primary application is in the upper part of the body. The eyes are the orifice of the Liver; tears are the heat of the Liver, thus it heals these conditions.
Pungent in taste, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. Avoid exposure to fire.
Induces sweating to release the exterior, harmonizes the middle, and promotes diuresis to remove dampness. Treats summer colds characterized by anhidrosis and fever. For abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea where yang qi is obstructed by yin pathogens.
Treats conditions caused by seeking coolness and drinking cold beverages, where yang qi is obstructed by yin pathogens, leading to headache, fever, restlessness, and thirst. It is suitable for cases with vomiting and diarrhea; by dispersing and raising yang qi, and scattering water to harmonize the Spleen, recovery ensues. However, if the condition is caused by labor and heat exposure, using Xiangru (Mosla Herb) instead would further deficiency of the exterior and add warmth to heat, which is a major error.
Xiangru is a formula for releasing the exterior in summer; it is contraindicated in those without exterior pathogenic factors.