味甘、苦，性微寒，无毒。入心、肺二经。畏威灵仙、土茯苓，恶榧子。
消食下痰气。止渴醒睡眠。解烤炙之毒，消痔 之疮。善利小便，颇疗头疼。
禀土之清气，兼得春初生发之意，故其所主，皆以清肃为功，然以味甘不涩，气芬如兰，
为
良。茶禀天地至清之气，产于瘠砂之间，专感云露之滋培，不受纤尘之滓秽，故能清心涤肠
胃，为振发之品。昔人多言其苦寒，不利脾胃，及多食发黄消瘦之说，此皆语其粗恶苦涩者
耳。故入药须择上品，方有利益。茶子∶研末吹鼻，治头脑鸣响。
味苦、甘、辛，性热，有毒。入肺、胃二经。
通血脉而破结，浓肠胃而润肌。宣心气以忘忧，助胆经以发怒。善行药势，可御风寒。
少饮则和血行气，壮神消愁，过饮则损胃耗血，生痰动火。故沉湎无度，醉以为常者，
轻则
致疾，重则亡身。此大禹所以疏仪狄，周公所以着酒诰也。烧酒散寒破结，损人尤甚。
一名山药。味甘，性平，无毒。入心、脾、肾三经。蒸透用。
益气长肌，安神退热。补脾除泻痢，补肾止遗精。
山药得土之冲气，禀春之和气，故主用如上，但性缓，非多用不效。
山药与面同食，不能益人。尚有藤上之珠芽、名零余子、另立专条。
味甘、性平、（偏于温）无毒。入肝、肾二经。即山药藤上之珠芽，俗称山药果子。生
晒干，切碎入药。若作食疗，
煮熟，去皮，蘸糖食。
补脾益肾，而重点在肾。聪耳明目，具防老之能。强健腰部，济弱扶倾。挽救虚损，转
瘦为丰。馁者啖之不饥，老
人食之驻颜。
陈藏器云∶“零余子，功用强于薯蓣。”李时珍云∶“胜于山药，美于芋子。”
味甘、苦，性微寒，无毒。入心、肺二经。畏威灵仙、土茯苓，恶榧子。
味道甘甜、苦涩，药性微寒，没有毒性。归入心经和肺经。畏惧威灵仙（一种祛风湿药），厌恶榧子（一种驱虫药）。
消食下痰气。止渴醒睡眠。解烤炙之毒，消痔 之疮。善利小便，颇疗头疼。
消除饮食积滞，降泄痰浊之气。缓解口渴，使人清醒。解除烧烤食物产生的热毒，消除痔疮引起的疮疡。善于通利小便，对治疗头痛颇有疗效。
禀土之清气，兼得春初生发之意，故其所主，皆以清肃为功，然以味甘不涩，气芬如兰，
承接大地的清纯之气，又兼具春季初发生长的意蕴，所以它的主要功效，都以清肃为主，然而因为味道甘甜而不涩口，气味芬芳如兰花，
为良。茶禀天地至清之气，产于瘠砂之间，专感云露之滋培，不受纤尘之滓秽，故能清心涤肠 胃，为振发之品。昔人多言其苦寒，不利脾胃，及多食发黄消瘦之说，此皆语其粗恶苦涩者 耳。故入药须择上品，方有利益。茶子∶研末吹鼻，治头脑鸣响。
被视为佳品。茶叶秉承天地间最清纯的气息，生长在贫瘠的沙石之间，专门吸收云雾雨露的滋养，不受细微尘埃的污染，所以能够清心火、洗涤肠胃，是振奋精神的物品。过去的人多说它苦寒，不利于脾胃，以及多吃会导致头发变黄、身体消瘦的说法，这都是针对那些粗糙恶劣、苦涩的茶而言的。所以入药必须选择上等的茶，才有益处。茶籽：研磨成粉吹入鼻腔，治疗头脑鸣响。
味苦、甘、辛，性热，有毒。入肺、胃二经。
味道苦涩、甘甜、辛辣，药性热，有毒。归入肺经和胃经。
通血脉而破结，浓肠胃而润肌。宣心气以忘忧，助胆经以发怒。善行药势，可御风寒。
疏通血脉并破除瘀结，使肠胃充实并滋润肌肤。宣畅心气从而忘却忧愁，辅助胆经从而激发勇气（注：古义中胆主决断，此处“发怒”指激发决断力或阳气，非现代情绪愤怒）。善于推动药势运行，可以抵御风寒。
少饮则和血行气，壮神消愁，过饮则损胃耗血，生痰动火。故沉湎无度，醉以为常者，
少量饮用则调和血液、运行气机，振奋精神、消除愁闷；过量饮用则损伤胃腑、耗伤阴血，滋生痰湿、引动内火。所以如果沉迷饮酒没有节制，把喝醉当作常态，
轻则 致疾，重则亡身。此大禹所以疏仪狄，周公所以着酒诰也。烧酒散寒破结，损人尤甚。
轻则导致疾病，重则丧命。这就是大禹之所以疏远仪狄（传说仪狄造酒献给大禹），周公之所以撰写《酒诰》（告诫人们戒酒）的原因。蒸馏酒（烧酒）散发寒气、破除瘀结，对人的损害尤其严重。
一名山药。味甘，性平，无毒。入心、脾、肾三经。蒸透用。
别名山药。味道甘甜，药性平和，没有毒性。归入心经、脾经和肾经。需蒸熟透后使用。
益气长肌，安神退热。补脾除泻痢，补肾止遗精。
补气益卫，促进肌肉生长，安定心神，退去虚热。补益脾脏以消除腹泻和痢疾，滋补肾脏以停止遗精。
山药得土之冲气，禀春之和气，故主用如上，但性缓，非多用不效。
山药获得大地中和之气，秉承春季温和之气，所以主要作用如上所述，但药性缓和，不是大量使用就不会见效。
山药与面同食，不能益人。尚有藤上之珠芽、名零余子、另立专条。
山药与面粉一起食用，不能对人有益。还有藤蔓上生长的珠芽，名叫零余子，另外设立专门条目记载。
味甘、性平、（偏于温）无毒。入肝、肾二经。即山药藤上之珠芽，俗称山药果子。生 晒干，切碎入药。若作食疗，
味道甘甜，药性平和（偏向温性），没有毒性。归入肝经和肾经。就是山药藤蔓上的珠芽，俗称山药果子。生晒干燥，切碎后入药。如果作为食疗，
煮熟，去皮，蘸糖食。
煮熟，去掉外皮，蘸糖吃。
补脾益肾，而重点在肾。聪耳明目，具防老之能。强健腰部，济弱扶倾。挽救虚损，转 瘦为丰。馁者啖之不饥，老 人食之驻颜。
补益脾脏和肾脏，但重点在于补肾。使耳朵灵敏、眼睛明亮，具有抗衰老的能力。强健腰膝，扶助虚弱，支撑倾倒（比喻扶持危局）。挽救身体的虚损，让消瘦变得丰满。饥饿的人吃了就不觉得饿，老人吃了能保持容颜不老。
陈藏器云∶“零余子，功用强于薯蓣。”李时珍云∶“胜于山药，美于芋子。”
陈藏器说：“零余子的功效强于薯蓣（山药的古称）。”李时珍说：“（零余子）优于山药，美味超过芋头。”
Taste is sweet and bitter, nature is slightly cold, non-toxic. Enters the Heart and Lung meridians. Dreads *Wanglingxian* (Clematis Root), abhors *Tufuling* (Smilax Glabra Rhizome).
Eliminates food stagnation, directs phlegm-qi downward. Relieves thirst, promotes wakefulness. Resolves toxicity from roasted/grilled foods, eliminates hemorrhoidal sores. Excellent at promoting urination, notably effective for treating headaches.
It inherits the pure qi of Earth, combined with the generative intent of early spring; therefore, its primary functions are all characterized by clearing and purifying. However, because its taste is sweet without astringency and its aroma is fragrant like an orchid, it is considered superior. Tea inherits the most pure qi of Heaven and Earth, grows among barren sands, specifically absorbs the nourishment of clouds and dew, and is not contaminated by dust or filth; thus, it can clear the Heart and wash the intestines and stomach, serving as a stimulant. Ancients often claimed it was bitter and cold, detrimental to the Spleen and Stomach, and that excessive consumption leads to yellowing hair and emaciation; these remarks refer only to coarse, harsh, and bitter teas. Therefore, when used medicinally, one must select top-grade tea to obtain benefits. Tea seeds: ground into powder and insufflated into the nose, treat tinnitus/head ringing.
Taste is bitter, sweet, and acrid, nature is hot, toxic. Enters the Lung and Stomach meridians.
Unblocks blood vessels and breaks up accumulations, thickens the intestines and stomach and moistens the skin. Promotes Heart-qi to alleviate sorrow, assists the Gallbladder meridian to inspire courage (decisiveness). Good at driving the momentum of other herbs, can ward off wind-cold.
Drinking in moderation harmonizes blood and moves qi, strengthens spirit, and eliminates worry; drinking excessively damages the Stomach, depletes blood, generates phlegm, and stirs up fire. Therefore, those who indulge without limit and make drunkenness a habit will, in mild cases, contract diseases, and in severe cases, lose their lives. This is why Yu the Great distanced himself from Yidi (the inventor of wine) and why the Duke of Zhou wrote the "Admonition on Wine." Distilled liquor (Baijiu) disperses cold and breaks up accumulations, harming people even more severely.
Also known as Chinese Yam (*Shanyao*). Taste is sweet, nature is neutral, non-toxic. Enters the Heart, Spleen, and Kidney meridians. Use after steaming thoroughly.
Augments qi, promotes muscle growth, calms the spirit, and reduces fever. Tonifies the Spleen to stop diarrhea and dysentery, tonifies the Kidney to arrest seminal emission.
Chinese Yam obtains the balanced qi of Earth and inherits the harmonious qi of Spring; hence its uses are as described above. However, its action is slow, and it requires large doses to be effective.
Chinese Yam eaten with flour does not benefit humans. There is also the bulbil on the vine, named *Lingyuzi*, which has a separate entry.
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral (leaning towards warm), non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians. These are the bulbils on the Chinese Yam vine, commonly known as Yam fruits. Sun-dried raw, chopped, and used in medicine. If used for dietary therapy, cook until soft, peel, and eat with sugar.
Tonifies the Spleen and benefits the Kidney, with a focus on the Kidney. Clarifies hearing and vision, possesses anti-aging capabilities. Strengthens the waist, supports the weak, and stabilizes the precarious. Rescues deficiency and depletion, transforming emaciation into robustness. When hungry persons eat it, they do not feel hunger; when elderly persons eat it, it preserves their youthful appearance.
Chen Cangqi said: "The efficacy of *Lingyuzi* is stronger than that of *Shuyu* (Dioscorea)." Li Shizhen said: "It surpasses Chinese Yam and is more delicious than taro."