（其身乌而光。头圆尾尖。眼有赤光。至枯死眼不陷如活者。称之重七钱至一两者为
上。十两至一镒者为中。粗大者力弥灭也。作伪者用他蛇熏黑。亦能乱真。但眼不光耳。采
得去头及皮鳞。带子。锉断。苦酒浸一宿。漉出。柳木炭火炙干。再以酥炙于屋下。巳。地
上掘坑埋一夜。再炙干用。或以酒煮干用亦可。）
【气味】
甘平无毒。又曰有小毒。
【主治】
诸风顽痹皮肤不仁。风瘙隐疹疥癣。热毒风皮肌生癞。眉髭脱
落。 疥等疮。功与白花蛇同。而性善无毒。
【气味】
辛温无毒。气浓于味。阳也。入足阳明少阴经。
【主治】
中恶心腹痛。蛊毒主忤鬼气。宿食不消。天行疫瘴。膀胱肾间冷气攻冲背膂。妇人
血气小儿腹中诸虫。除一切冷霍乱。反胃吐食泻痢。痈疖疥厉。并解冷热。其功不可悉载。
猫鼠百病并可磨服。理元气。中气香港脚疝气。气厥头痛。肿胀喘息。止小便频数及白浊。但
乌药辛温香窜。能散诸气。故惠民和剂局万治中风中气诸症。用乌药顺气散者。先疏其气。
气顺则风散也。严用和济生方治七情郁结上气喘急用四磨汤者。降中兼升。泻中带补也。其
方以人参乌药沉香槟榔各磨浓汁七分合煎。细细咽之。
（石中有细粉如面故曰余粮。凡用。研水取汁澄之。勿令有沙土。）
【气味】
甘寒无毒。入手足阳明血分重剂也。
【主治】
咳逆寒热烦满。下赤白。血闭症瘕大热。炼饵服之不饥。轻身延年。疗小腹痛结烦
疼。主崩中。治邪气及骨节疼四肢不仁痔 等疾。久服耐寒暑。催生固大肠。夫重可去怯。
禹余粮之重为镇固之剂。其性涩又主下焦前后诸病。
（乌梢蛇身体黑色且光亮。头部圆形，尾部尖细。眼睛有红光，即使干枯死亡后眼睛也不凹陷，与活蛇相似。体重达到七钱至一两的为上等品。十两至一镒（二十两）的为中等品。体型粗大的药效反而减弱。造假者用其他蛇熏黑，也能混淆真假，只是眼睛不光泽罢了。采集后去掉头部及皮鳞，保留内脏和子蛇，切碎断段。用醋浸泡一夜，捞出。用柳木炭火烤干，再用酥油在屋内炙烤，巳时（上午9点至11点），在地上挖坑埋藏一夜，再烤干使用。或者用酒煮干使用也可以。）
【气味】
味甘，性平，无毒。又说有小毒。
【主治】
各种风邪引起的顽固性痹证、皮肤麻木不仁。风邪引起的瘙痒、隐疹、疥癣。热毒风邪导致皮肤肌肉生癞（恶疮）。眉毛、胡须脱落。疥疮等皮肤病。功效与白花蛇相同，但性质善良无毒。
【乌药气味】
味辛，性温，无毒。气味浓烈于味道，属阳。入足阳明胃经和足少阴肾经。
【乌药主治】
心腹突然疼痛。蛊毒、主忤鬼气（指突发的精神异常或腹痛）。宿食不消化。流行性疫病瘴气。膀胱和肾脏间的冷气攻冲背部脊柱。妇女血气病、小儿腹中各种寄生虫。消除一切冷霍乱、反胃吐食、腹泻痢疾。痈疽疖肿、疥疮麻风。并解冷热之邪。其功效无法详尽记载。猫鼠患的各种疾病也可磨粉服用。调理元气、中气、脚气、疝气、气厥头痛、肿胀喘息。止小便频数及白浊。但乌药辛温香窜，能疏散各种气滞。因此《惠民和剂局方》治疗中风、中气等各种病症，使用乌药顺气散，是先疏通气机，气顺则风邪自散。严用和《济生方》治疗七情郁结导致的上气喘急，使用四磨汤，是降中兼升，泻中带补。该方用人参、乌药、沉香、槟榔各磨成浓汁七分混合煎煮，细细咽下。
（禹余粮石中有细粉如面粉，所以叫余粮。凡是用它，研碎用水取汁澄清，不要让其中有沙土。）
【禹余粮气味】
味甘，性寒，无毒。入手足阳明经血分，属于重镇剂。
【禹余粮主治】
咳嗽气逆、寒热烦闷胀满。下利赤白脓血。血闭、症瘕积聚、大热。炼制成丸饵服用可不觉饥饿。轻身延年。治疗小腹痛结烦疼。主治崩中（妇女非经期大量出血）。治疗邪气及骨节疼痛、四肢麻木不仁、痔疮等疾病。长期服用可耐寒暑。催生并固摄大肠。重镇药物可以去除怯弱。禹余粮的重性使其成为镇固的药剂。其性涩，又主要治疗下焦前后二阴的各种疾病。
(The body of the Zamenis slug snake is black and glossy. The head is round and the tail is pointed. The eyes have a red glow; even when dried and dead, the eyes do not sink, resembling those of a live snake. Those weighing from seven qian to one liang are considered superior grade. Those weighing ten liang to one yi (20 liang) are medium grade. Coarser specimens have diminished efficacy. Counterfeiters use other snakes smoked black to pass them off as genuine, but their eyes lack gloss. After capture, remove the head, skin, and scales, retaining the viscera and offspring. Chop into segments. Soak in vinegar overnight, drain, and dry over willow charcoal fire. Then roast with suet oil indoors at Si hour (9:00-11:00 AM), bury in a pit dug in the ground for one night, and dry again before use. Alternatively, it may be boiled in wine until dry.)
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. It is also said to have slight toxicity.
[Indications]
Various wind-induced stubborn bi-syndrome (painful obstruction syndrome), skin numbness and insensitivity. Wind-induced pruritus, urticaria, scabies, and tinea. Heat-toxin wind causing leprosy-like lesions on skin and muscle. Loss of eyebrows and beard. Scabies and other skin sores. Its efficacy is similar to that of the White-spotted Snake (Bungarus multicinctus), but its nature is gentle and non-toxic.
[Youyao (Linderae Radix) Flavor and Nature]
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. The aroma is stronger than the flavor, belonging to Yang. Enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
[Youyao Indications]
Sudden heart and abdominal pain. Gu poison, sudden qi deviation (referring to acute mental abnormalities or abdominal pain). Retained food not digesting. Epidemic miasma. Cold qi attacking the back and spine from between the bladder and kidneys. Women's blood and qi disorders, various intestinal parasites in children. Eliminates all cold-type cholera, regurgitation, vomiting, diarrhea, and dysentery. Carbuncles, furuncles, scabies, and leprosy. Resolves both cold and heat pathogens. Its efficacies cannot be fully recorded. Powders can be taken for various diseases in cats and mice. It regulates primal qi, middle qi, beriberi, hernia, qi-jue headache, swelling, panting. Stops frequent urination and white turbidity. However, Youyao is pungent, warm, aromatic, and penetrating, capable of dispersing various qi stagnations. Therefore, in Huimin Heji Ju Fang (Formulas of Benevolence and Dispensary), for treating stroke and qi-stroke symptoms, Wuyao Shunqi San (Lindera Regulating Qi Powder) is used to first unblock the qi; once qi flows smoothly, wind pathogens disperse. In Yan Yonghe’s Jisheng Fang (Prescriptions for Sustaining Life), for treating upper panting due to emotional depression, Simo Tang (Four-Grinding Decoction) is used, which descends while ascending, purges while tonifying. This formula grinds Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Linderae Radix, Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, and Arecae Semen into thick juices, mixes 7 fen of each, decocts together, and swallows slowly.
(There is fine powder like flour within the stone of Yu Yuliang (Hematitum), hence the name "Yuliang". When used, grind it, mix with water, extract the juice, and let it settle clear. Do not allow sand or soil to remain.)
[Yu Yuliang (Hematitum) Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Enters the blood aspect of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It is a heavy sedative agent.
[Yu Yuliang Indications]
Cough with rebellious qi, alternating chills and fever, irritability, and fullness. Dysentery with red and white discharge. Blood obstruction, mass formations (zheng jia), and high fever. Taken as refined pills, it suppresses hunger. Lightens the body and prolongs life. Treats lower abdominal pain, knotting, and vexatious discomfort. Primary indication for metrorrhagia (profuse uterine bleeding). Treats pathogenic factors, bone and joint pain, numbness of the four limbs, and hemorrhoids. Long-term consumption enables resistance to cold and heat. It promotes childbirth and consolidates the large intestine. Heavy substances can dispel timidity. The heaviness of Yu Yuliang makes it a stabilizing and consolidating agent. Its astringent nature primarily treats various diseases of the lower jiao anterior and posterior orifices.