【气味】
酸涩无毒。阴中之阴。入足厥阴少阴经气分。
【主治】
温中。逐寒湿痹。强阴益精。疗耳鸣。补肾虚。兴阳道。添精髓。止老人尿不节。
暖腰膝。助水脏。逐一切气。破症结温肝。仲景八味丸用之。取其味酸涩。可以秘精而收滑
也。
【气味】
辛温有毒。
【主治】
除风邪气。温中去寒痹。坚齿发。明目。久服轻身好颜色耐老增年通神。疗喉痹吐
逆疝瘕。去老血产后余疾腹痛。出汗。利五脏。上气咳嗽。久风湿痹。治恶风遍身四肢 痹
。口齿浮肿摇动。女人月闭不通。产后恶血痢。多年痢。疗腹中冷痛。生毛发灭瘢。能下肿
湿气。
恶（苦蒌 防葵） 畏（雌黄）
【气味】
辛温有毒。椒乃纯阳之物。入手足太阴右肾命门气分之药。
【主治】
邪气咳逆。温中。逐骨节皮肤死肌。寒热痹痛。下气。除六俯寒冷。伤寒温疟。大
风汗不出。宿食肠 。下痢泄精。治水肿黄胆。杀虫鱼毒。久服开腠理。通血脉。坚齿发。
明目。调关节。耐寒暑。可作膏药。治头风下泪。腰脚不遂。虚损留结。破血。治咳嗽腹内
冷痛。除齿痛。破症结开胸。治天行时气。产后宿血。壮阳。疗阴汗。暖腰膝。缩小便。止
呕逆。通神。去老益血。利五脏。下乳汁。灭瘢。生毛发。散寒除湿。解郁结。消宿食。通
三焦。温脾胃。补右肾命门。杀蛔虫止泄泻。但椒红其味辛而麻。其气温以热。禀南方之阳
。受西方之阴。故能入肺散寒也。
【气味】
味酸、涩，无毒。属性为阴中之阴。归入足厥阴肝经和足少阴肾经的气分。
【主治】
温中焦。驱逐寒湿痹阻。强壮阴精，补益精髓。治疗耳鸣。补肾虚。振奋性功能（兴阳道）。增添精髓。止住老年人小便失禁。
温暖腰膝。辅助肾脏功能。驱散各种气滞。破除症瘕积聚，温养肝脏。张仲景的八味丸中使用它，是取其味酸涩的特性，可以固秘精气而收敛滑脱。
【气味】
味辛，性温，有毒。
【主治】
祛除风邪之气。温中焦，驱除寒湿痹痛。坚固牙齿和头发。明目。长期服用可身体轻健，面色红润，延缓衰老，增加寿命，通神益智。治疗喉痹、呕吐逆气、疝气和瘕聚。去除陈旧瘀血及产后余疾引起的腹痛。发汗。疏通五脏气机。缓解上气咳嗽。治疗久风湿痹。治疗恶风导致的全身四肢痹痛。治疗口齿浮肿动摇。治疗女性月经闭止不通。治疗产后恶露不尽引起的痢疾，以及多年的慢性痢疾。治疗腹中冷痛。促进头发生长，消除瘢痕。能下行肿胀湿气。
畏忌药物：苦蒌、防葵；畏惧药物：雌黄。
【气味】
味辛，性温，有毒。花椒乃是纯阳之物，是入手足太阴脾肺经及右肾命门气分的药物。
【主治】
治疗邪气引起的咳嗽气逆。温中焦。驱逐骨节皮肤中的死肌。治疗寒热痹痛。降气。去除六腑寒冷。治疗伤寒、温疟。治疗大风病无汗。治疗宿食停滞、肠鸣泄泻。治疗下痢、遗精。治疗水肿、黄疸。杀虫，解鱼毒。长期服用可开通腠理，疏通血脉。坚固牙齿和头发。明目。调和关节。耐寒暑。可制作膏药。治疗头风流泪。治疗腰脚不遂。治疗虚损留结。破血。治疗咳嗽腹内冷痛。去除齿痛。破除症瘕积聚，开胸膈。治疗时行疫病。治疗产后瘀血。壮阳。治疗阴部出汗。温暖腰膝。缩小便。止呕逆。通神益智。去旧生新，补益血液。疏通五脏。下乳汁。消除瘢痕。促进毛发生长。散寒除湿。解郁结。消化宿食。疏通三焦。温脾胃。补益右肾命门。杀蛔虫，止泄泻。但是椒红其味辛而麻，其气温热，禀受南方之阳气，受西方之阴气，所以能入肺经散寒。
[Flavor and Nature]
Sour, astringent, non-toxic. Yin within Yin. Enters the Qi level of the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian and Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
[Indications]
Warms the Middle Jiao. Disperses cold-dampness Bi syndrome. Strengthens Yin, benefits essence. Treats tinnitus. Tonifies Kidney deficiency. Promotes sexual function (Xing Yang Dao). Augments essence. Stops urinary incontinence in the elderly.
Warms the waist and knees. Assists the Water Organ (Kidney). Disperses all types of Qi stagnation. Breaks up mass accumulations (Zheng Jie), warms the Liver. Used in Zhang Zhongjing's Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) for its sour and astringent flavor, which can secure essence and arrest sliding/leakage.
[Flavor and Nature]
Pungent, warm, toxic.
[Indications]
Eliminates wind-pathogenic factors. Warms the Middle Jiao, dispels cold-dampness Bi syndrome. Firms teeth and hair. Brightens the eyes. Long-term use makes the body light, improves complexion, delays aging, increases longevity, and enhances spiritual clarity. Treats throat obstruction (Hou Bi), vomiting and rebellious Qi, hernia, and mass accumulation (Jia Zha). Expels old blood and postpartum residual diseases causing abdominal pain. Induces sweating. Benefits the five Zang organs. Relieves rebellious Qi and cough. Treats chronic wind-dampness Bi syndrome. Treats aversion to wind causing Bi syndrome throughout the body and limbs. Treats swelling and mobility of the mouth and teeth. Treats amenorrhea in women. Treats postpartum lochia-induced dysentery and chronic dysentery of many years. Treats cold pain in the abdomen. Promotes hair growth and eliminates scars. Can descend swelling and dampness.
Incompatible with: Ku Lou (Trichosanthes Fruit), Fang Kui (Peucedani Radix). Feared by: Shi Huang (Realgar).
[Flavor and Nature]
Pungent, warm, toxic. Pepper is a pure Yang substance, entering the Qi level of the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian, Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian, and the Right Kidney Mingmen (Gate of Life).
[Indications]
Treats cough and rebellious Qi caused by pathogenic factors. Warms the Middle Jiao. Disperses dead muscle tissue in bones, joints, and skin. Treats Bi syndrome with alternating chills and fever. Directs Qi downward. Eliminates cold in the six Fu organs. Treats Shang Han (Cold Damage), Wen Nue (Warm Malaria). Treats severe wind disease with anhidrosis. Treats retained food, intestinal rumbling, diarrhea, and seminal emission. Treats edema and jaundice. Kills parasites, resolves fish toxicity. Long-term use opens the Cou Li (pores/striae), unblocks blood vessels. Firms teeth and hair. Brightens the eyes. Harmonizes joints. Resists cold and heat. Can be made into plasters. Treats head wind with tearing. Treats paralysis or weakness of the waist and feet. Treats deficiency damage with retained stagnation. Invigorates blood. Treats cough and cold pain in the abdomen. Eliminates toothache. Breaks up mass accumulations, opens the chest. Treats epidemic febrile diseases. Treats postpartum retained blood. Strengthens Yang. Treats sweaty yin (scrotal sweat). Warms the waist and knees. Reduces urination frequency. Stops vomiting and rebellious Qi. Enhances spiritual clarity. Removes old blood, generates new blood. Benefits the five Zang organs. Promotes lactation. Eliminates scars. Promotes hair growth. Disperses cold and removes dampness. Resolves depression and stagnation. Digests retained food. Unblocks the San Jiao (Triple Burner). Warms the Spleen and Stomach. Tonifies the Right Kidney and Mingmen. Kills Ascaris, stops diarrhea. However, the red husk of pepper has a pungent and numbing flavor, and its nature is warm and hot. It inherits the Yang of the South and receives the Yin of the West; thus, it can enter the Lung channel to disperse cold.