【气味】
甘苦温有小毒。两仁者杀人。可以毒狗。沉而降。阴也。入手太阴经。
【主治】
咳逆上气。润肺消食积。散滞结。王氏治伤寒气上逆喘者。麻黄汤内加杏仁陈皮。
若气不上喘逆者。减杏仁陈皮。明乎其泻肺也。又东垣云。杏仁下喘。用以治气。桃仁止狂
。用以治血。二仁虽俱治大便之秘。然昼之难。便属阳气之不和。夜之难。便属阴血之不润
。又当知杏仁之专行气分也。又脉浮在气。用杏仁而佐以陈皮。脉浮在血。用桃仁而佐以陈
皮。俱用陈皮者。以其手阳明病与手太阴俱为表里也。贲门上主往来。魄门下主收闭。故王
氏言肺与大肠为通道也。
（以布拭去黄白毛。用童便浸一宿。晒干用。）
【气味】
苦平无毒。性又微温。阴中微阳。可升可降。入手阳明经。
【主治】
养血荣筋。除本经风湿口噤。肠风泻血。通身挛急。肢节引痛。
畏（牛乳）
【气味】
苦辛温涩无毒。沉而降。阴中阳也。
【主治】
消谷逐水。除痰 。逐三尸寸白。治腹胀。利水道。疗泻痢后重心腹诸痛。大小便
闭。御瘴疠。大抵苦以破滞。辛以散邪。槟榔能泻胸中至高之气使之下行。如铁石之沉重。
能
坠诸药至于下极。故治诸气后重如神也。岭表之俗。多食槟榔。取其能祛瘴疠。但有瘴则宜
服之。南方人亦相习而食。宁不损正气而有开门延寇之祸乎。凡入药亦宜慎重。不可僭用。
【气味】
味甘、苦，性温，有小毒。含有两枚仁的杏仁会致人死亡，可以用来毒杀狗。其药性沉降，属于阴，归入手太阴肺经。
【主治】
治疗咳嗽气逆，滋润肺部，消除食积，消散郁结停滞。王好古治疗因伤寒导致寒气上逆而气喘的患者，在麻黄汤中加入杏仁和陈皮。如果患者气逆但不气喘，则减少杏仁和陈皮的用量，以此明确杏仁具有泻肺气的作用。另外，李东垣说：杏仁用于降气平喘，主要调理气分；桃仁用于止狂，主要调理血分。这两种仁虽然都能治疗大便便秘，但白天排便困难属于阳气不和，夜晚排便困难属于阴血不润。还应当知道杏仁专门运行于气分。脉象浮而在气分的，用杏仁并佐以陈皮；脉象浮而在血分的，用桃仁并佐以陈皮。都使用陈皮的原因，是因为手阳明大肠经与手太阴肺经互为表里。贲门主管气的往来，魄门（肛门）主管收闭。所以王好古说肺与大肠构成通道。
（用布擦去表面的黄白色绒毛，用童子尿浸泡一夜，晒干后使用。）
【气味】
味苦，性平，无毒。性质又微温，属于阴中带有微阳，药性既可上升也可下降，归入手阳明大肠经。
【主治】
养血荣养筋脉，祛除本经的风湿引起的口噤（牙关紧闭），肠风便血，全身拘挛紧急，肢体关节牵引疼痛。
畏（牛乳）
【气味】
味苦、辛，性温，味涩，无毒。药性沉降，属于阴中带有阳。
【主治】
消化谷食，驱逐水饮，消除痰浊，驱除三尸虫和寸白虫（绦虫），治疗腹胀，通利水道，治疗痢疾后的腹部沉重及心腹各种疼痛，大小便闭塞，抵御瘴疠之气。大抵苦味能破除滞结，辛味能疏散邪气。槟榔能泻下胸中至高之处的邪气使其下行，其质地如铁石般沉重，能使其他药物下沉至身体最下部，因此治疗各种气滞导致的腹部重坠感效果神奇。岭南地区的习俗，很多人食用槟榔，是取其能祛除瘴疠之气。但是只有患有瘴疠时才适宜服用。南方人也习惯食用它，难道不会损伤正气而带来“开门揖盗”（引敌入室）的祸患吗？凡是入药也应当慎重，不可滥用。
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, bitter, warm, slightly toxic. Almonds with two kernels are lethal to humans and can be used to poison dogs. Its action is sinking and descending, belonging to Yin. It enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.
[Indications]
Treats cough with rebellious Qi and asthma; moistens the lungs, resolves food stagnation, and disperses stagnant accumulations. Wang Haogu treated cases of cold damage where cold Qi rebels upward causing wheezing by adding Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed) and Chenpi (Citrus Reticulata Pericarp) to Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction). If there is rebellious Qi but no wheezing, the dosage of Xingren and Chenpi should be reduced, clarifying that Xingren has the function of draining Lung Qi. Furthermore, Li Dongyuan stated: Xingren lowers asthma and is used to treat Qi disorders; Taoren (Prunus Persica Seed) stops mania and is used to treat Blood disorders. Although both kernels can treat constipation, difficulty defecating during the day belongs to disharmony of Yang Qi, while difficulty defecating at night belongs to lack of moisture in Yin Blood. One must also know that Xingren specifically acts on the Qi level. When the pulse is floating indicating a Qi-level issue, use Xingren assisted by Chenpi; when the pulse is floating indicating a Blood-level issue, use Taoren assisted by Chenpi. The reason Chenpi is used in both cases is that the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian are exterior-interiorly related. The贲门 (Cardia) governs the passage of Qi, and the 魄门 (Anus) governs closure. Thus, Wang Haogu stated that the Lung and Large Intestine form a channel system.
(Wipe off the yellow-white hairs with a cloth, soak in the urine of an uncircumcised boy overnight, dry in the sun, and use.)
[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. The nature is slightly warm, representing slight Yang within Yin. It can ascend and descend. It enters the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian.
[Indications]
Nourishes Blood and benefits sinews; removes wind-dampness from this meridian causing lockjaw (trismus), intestinal wind bleeding, general spasms and stiffness, and pain radiating through the limbs and joints.
Aversion (to Cow's Milk)
[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, pungent, warm, astringent, non-toxic. The action is sinking and descending, representing Yang within Yin.
[Indications]
Promotes digestion of grains, expels water retention, eliminates phlegm, drives out the Three Corpses and Taenia solium (pork tapeworm); treats abdominal distension, promotes urination, treats post-dysenteric heaviness in the lower abdomen and various heart/abdominal pains, and obstruction of stool and urine; wards off miasma. Generally, bitter flavors break up stagnation, and pungent flavors disperse pathogens. Betel nut can drain the excessive Qi in the upper chest and direct it downward; its weight is like iron or stone, capable of driving other herbs to the lowest extremities of the body. Therefore, it is miraculous in treating tenesmus caused by Qi stagnation. In the Lingnan region, it is customary for many to eat betel nuts, taking advantage of their ability to dispel miasma. However, they should only be taken when suffering from miasma. Southerners are accustomed to eating them; would this not damage the Righteous Qi and invite disaster akin to "opening the door to welcome the thief"? Therefore, when used in prescriptions, caution is required, and it should not be abused.