【气味】
苦寒无毒。阴中微阳。入手太阴经。
【主治】
体轻而虚。熟则悬而四开有肺之象。故能入肺。味寒能清肺热。苦辛能降肺气。钱
氏补肺阿胶散用之。非取其补肺。乃取其清热降气。邪去则肺自安也。其中佐以阿胶糯米。
则正补肺之药也。汤剂中多用。亦能作吐。
【气味】
苦平无毒。阳中阴也。（凡用采其叶之极大者、其气乃足、用粗布拭去毛、以甘草
汤洗一遍、用绵再拭干、以蜜涂炙过方用。）
【主治】
呕哕不止。妇人产后口干。治肺气热嗽。及肺风疮。胸面上疮。和胃降气。清热解
暑。大都枇杷叶气薄味浓。专入肺胃二经。而治病者取其功能下气。气下则火降痰顺。而逆
者不逆。呕者不呕。渴者不渴。咳者不咳也。
【气味】
辛平无毒。乃太阳本经药也。治风用木防己。治水用汉防己。大概通可去滞。通草
防己之属是也。性大苦寒。能泻而中实热。亦能泻大肠补阴泻阳。凡十二经有湿热壅塞不通
。及下注香港脚。除膀胱积热而庇其根本。非此不能治。然饮食劳倦阴虚生内热。元气谷食已
亏。若以防己泄大便则重亡其血。如人大渴引饮。是热在上焦肺经气分。只宜淡以渗泄。若
用防己。则以下焦血分之药。逆疗其上。必为乱阶。又外伤风寒。邪传肺经。气分湿热。而
小便黄赤乃至不通。此上焦气病。禁用血药。若以防己为能散结而误用之。必令人身心烦
乱。饮食短少。
【气味】
味苦，性寒，无毒。属性为阴中带有微阳。归入手太阴肺经。
【主治】
（马兜铃）质地轻而中空。煮熟后果实悬挂并四瓣张开，具有肺脏的形态特征，因此能够入肺经。其味寒能清泄肺热，味苦辛能降泄肺气。钱乙的补肺阿胶散中使用它，并非为了补肺，而是为了清热降气，邪气去除则肺自然安宁。方中辅以阿胶和糯米，那才是真正补肺的药物。在汤剂中多使用马兜铃，但它也能引起呕吐。
【气味】
味苦，性平，无毒。属性为阳中带有阴。（凡是用枇杷叶，要选取叶片极大的，这样药气才充足。用粗布擦拭去净绒毛，用甘草汤清洗一遍，再用棉布擦干，涂蜜炙过后才能使用。）
【主治】
（枇杷叶）治疗呃逆不止、妇女产后口干。治疗肺热咳嗽，以及肺风疮、胸面部疮疡。能和胃降气，清热解暑。大抵枇杷叶气薄味浓，专入肺、胃二经。治病取其下气的功能，气降则火降痰顺，于是气逆者不再气逆，呕吐者不再呕吐，口渴者不再口渴，咳嗽者不再咳嗽。
【气味】
味辛，性平，无毒。是太阳膀胱经的本经药物。治风证用木防己，治水证用汉防己。大概“通”法可以去除湿滞，通草、防己之类属于此类。性味大苦大寒，能泻除中焦实热，也能泻大肠、补阴、泻阳。凡是十二经有湿热壅塞不通，以及湿邪下注导致的脚气病，必须清除膀胱积热以保护根本，非此药不能治疗。然而如果是饮食劳倦导致阴虚生内热，元气和谷食已经亏损，如果再用防己泻大便，就会再次耗伤血液。比如人大渴引饮，这是热在上焦肺经气分，只宜用淡味药渗湿泄热。如果用防己，则是用治疗下焦血分的药物，逆向治疗上焦的病，必然成为致乱的根源。另外如果是外伤风寒，邪气传入肺经，导致气分湿热，小便黄赤甚至不通，这是上焦的气病，禁用血分药。如果因为防己能散结而误用，必然使人身心烦乱，饮食减少。
[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Yin with slight Yang. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.
[Indications]
Light in texture and hollow inside. When cooked, it hangs and opens into four lobes, resembling the lung; thus, it can enter the Lung. Its cold flavor clears Lung heat, while its bitter and acrid flavors descend Lung Qi. It is used in Qian's Bufe Ejiao San (Supplementing Lung Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction). This use does not aim to tonify the Lung, but rather to clear heat and descend Qi. Once the pathogenic factor is eliminated, the Lung naturally becomes tranquil. The addition of Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin) and Nuomi (Glutinous Rice) serves as the true Lung-tonifying agents. It is frequently used in decoctions, but it can also induce vomiting.
[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Yang with Yin. (When used, select the largest leaves, as their medicinal energy is sufficient. Wipe off the hairs with coarse cloth, wash once in Licorice Root Decoction, dry with cotton cloth, coat with honey, and roast before use.)
[Indications]
Treats persistent hiccups or belching, and dry mouth in women after childbirth. Treats cough due to Lung heat, as well as Lung wind sores and sores on the chest and face. Harmonizes the Stomach, descends Qi, clears heat, and resolves summerheat. Generally, Pi Pa Ye (Loquat Leaf) has a thin Qi and strong flavor, specifically entering the Lung and Stomach meridians. In treating disease, its function of descending Qi is utilized. When Qi descends, Fire descends and Phlegm flows smoothly; thus, rebellious Qi ceases to rebel, vomiting ceases, thirst ceases, and coughing ceases.
[Flavor and Nature]
Acrid, neutral, non-toxic. It is a primary herb of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. For treating Wind, Mu Fang Ji (Stephania Tetrandra) is used; for treating Water retention, Han Fang Ji (Stephania Tetrandra var. glabra) is used. Broadly speaking, the "unblocking" method removes stagnation; herbs like Tong Cao (Tetrapanax Pith) and Fang Ji belong to this category. Its nature is greatly bitter and cold. It can purge excess heat in the middle Jiao, and also purge the Large Intestine, tonify Yin, and drain Yang. Whenever there is damp-heat congestion and blockage in any of the twelve meridians, or damp-heat pouring downward causing podagra (Hongjiaojiao), one must clear accumulated heat in the Bladder to protect the root; without this herb, the condition cannot be cured. However, if internal heat arises from Yin deficiency due to dietary irregularities and overwork, and Yuan Qi (Original Qi) and grain food have already been depleted, using Fang Ji to purge the bowels will cause severe loss of blood and Yin. For instance, when a person is extremely thirsty and drinks copiously, this indicates heat in the Qi aspect of the Upper Jiao Lung Meridian. Only bland herbs that promote leaching and draining should be used. If Fang Ji is used, it applies an herb targeting the Blood aspect of the Lower Jiao to treat the Upper Jiao inversely, inevitably becoming a source of chaos. Furthermore, if external Wind-Cold pathogens transmit to the Lung Meridian, causing damp-heat in the Qi aspect, leading to yellow-red or obstructed urination, this is a Qi disorder of the Upper Jiao. Blood-targeting herbs are strictly contraindicated. If Fang Ji is mistakenly used under the assumption that it can dissipate nodules, it will certainly cause mental and physical restlessness and reduced appetite.