味苦辛微寒。入手足太阴经。功专利水。治大腹水气。四肢面目浮肿。下痢肿满。
气急喘嗽。小便如血。得大黄、葶苈疗心下伏瘕。一名猫儿眼睛。
味苦。入手太阴足阳明经。功专劫痰截疟。得知母、贝母、草果治诸疟。得丹砂能
劫痰疟。得槟榔、草果治瘴疟。得甘草治肺疟。得豆豉、乌梅、竹叶治肾疟。得小麦、淡竹
叶治温疟。得黄连治久疟。得云母、龙骨治牝疟独寒。得麻黄、甘草、牡蛎治牡疟独热。得
甘草则吐。得大黄则利。若酒浸蒸或炒用则不吐。茎叶名蜀漆。功用略同。惟味辛。生用性
升。炒黑则缓。栝蒌为使。忌葱茗。
味辛寒。入手太阴足阳明经。功专吐膈上风痰。至苦有毒。入口即吐。善通顶。令
人嚏。风证多用之。虚者忌用。头生虮虱。以末掺之。疥癣虫疮。以末搅生麻油涂之。取根
去头用。黄连为使。反细辛、芍药、诸参。恶大黄。畏葱白。服之吐者。服葱白汤即止。与
酒同服杀人。
味甘淡。入手足太阳经。功专通滞。得琥珀、茯苓泻火利水。汗多禁用。古名通草
。今市所售。味苦。不知何故。俟考。
味淡色白。入手太阴足阳明经。功专引热下行。下乳汁。治五淋水肿。目昏耳聋。
鼻塞失音。退热催生。新通草瓦上烧存性研末。用二钱热酒冲服。治头痛牙关已闭者神效。
【泽漆】
味苦、辛，性微寒。归手太阴肺经和足太阴脾经。功效专于利水消肿。治疗大腹水肿、四肢及面目浮肿、下痢伴腹部胀满、气急喘咳、小便带血。与大黄（Rhei Radix et Rhizoma）、葶苈子（Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen）配伍，可治疗心下潜伏的积块瘕聚。又名猫儿眼睛草。
【常山】
味苦。归手太阴肺经和足阳明胃经。功效专于劫痰截疟。与知母（Anemarrhenae Rhizoma）、贝母（Fritillariae Bulbus）、草果（Tsaoko Fructus）配伍，治疗各种疟疾；与朱砂（Cinnabaris）配伍，能劫除痰疟；与槟榔（Arecae Semen）、草果配伍，治疗瘴疟；与甘草（Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma）配伍，治疗肺疟；与豆豉（Sojae Semens Praeparatum）、乌梅（Mume Fructus）、竹叶（Phyllostachidis Folium）配伍，治疗肾疟；与小麦（Tritici Semen）、淡竹叶（Lophatheri Herba）配伍，治疗温疟；与黄连（Coptidis Rhizoma）配伍，治疗久疟；与云母（Micrum）、龙骨（Draconis Os）配伍，治疗牝疟（以寒战为主症的疟疾），表现为独寒；与麻黄（Ephedrae Herba）、甘草、牡蛎（Ostrea Concha）配伍，治疗牡疟（以发热为主症的疟疾），表现为独热。单用常山易引起呕吐，配伍大黄则引起腹泻。若用酒浸、蒸制或炒黑后使用，则不致呕吐。其茎叶名为蜀漆（Changshan's Stem and Leaf），功用大致相同，但味辛。生用时药性升散，炒黑后药性缓和。以栝蒌（Trichosanthis Fructus）为引经药。忌与葱、茶同服。
【藜芦】
味辛，性寒。归手太阴肺经和足阳明胃经。功效专于涌吐胸膈间的风痰。味道极苦且有剧毒，入口即引发呕吐。善于通达头部，使人打喷嚏。风证多用此药，体虚者忌用。头生虮虱，可将药末掺撒患处。疥癣虫疮，可将药末搅入生麻油中涂抹。药用部分取根部，去掉头部。以黄连为引经药。反细辛（Asari Radix）、芍药（Paeoniae Radix）、各类人参（Ginseng Radix）。畏恶大黄，畏惧葱白。服用后若出现呕吐，喝葱白水即可停止。与酒同服可致死。
【木通】
味甘、淡。归手太阳小肠经和足太阳膀胱经。功效专于通利滞涩。与琥珀（Succinum）、茯苓（Poria）配伍，可泻火利水。汗多者禁用。古时称为通草。如今市场上出售的，味苦，不知何故，等待考证。
【通草】
味淡，色白。归手太阴肺经和足阳明胃经。功效专于引导热邪下行，下乳汁。治疗五淋水肿、目昏耳聋、鼻塞失音、退热催生。将新通草在瓦上烧存性，研成粉末，用二钱热酒冲服，治疗头痛且牙关紧闭者，效果神奇。
[Ze Qi (Euphorbiae Helioscopii Herba)]
Bitter, acrid, slightly cold. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian and Foot-Taiyin Spleen meridian. Its function is specifically to promote urination and reduce edema. It treats abdominal dropsy (ascites), edema of the four limbs and face, dysentery with abdominal distension, panting and cough due to qi rebellion, and hematuria. Combined with Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) and Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen), it treats hidden masses and accumulations under the heart. Also known as Mao'er Yanjingcao (Cat's Eye Grass).
[Changshan (Dichroae Radix)]
Bitter. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian. Its function is specifically to subdue phlegm and arrest malaria. Combined with Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus), and Caoguo (Tsaoko Fructus), it treats various types of malaria; combined with Dansha (Cinnabaris), it can subdue phlegmatic malaria; combined with Binglang (Arecae Semen) and Caoguo, it treats miasma malaria; combined with Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), it treats lung malaria; combined with Douchi (Sojae Semens Praeparatum), Wumei (Mume Fructus), and Zhuye (Phyllostachidis Folium), it treats kidney malaria; combined with Xiaomai (Tritici Semen) and Danzhuye (Lophatheri Herba), it treats warm malaria; combined with Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), it treats chronic malaria; combined with Yunmu (Micrum) and Longgu (Draconis Os), it treats Pin Malaria (malaria characterized by chills), manifesting as isolated cold; combined with Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Gancao, and Muli (Ostrea Concha), it treats Mu Malaria (malaria characterized by fever), manifesting as isolated heat. Used alone, Changshan induces vomiting; combined with Dahuang, it causes purgation. If soaked in wine, steamed, or stir-fried until black before use, it does not induce vomiting. Its stems and leaves are named Shuqi (Changshan's Stem and Leaf), with similar functions but an acrid taste. When used raw, its nature is ascending; when stir-fried until black, its action becomes mild. Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou) serves as a guiding herb. Avoid consumption with scallions and tea.
[Lilu (Veratri Radix)]
Acrid, cold. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian. Its function is specifically to vomit out wind-phlegm from the chest and diaphragm. Extremely bitter and toxic, it induces vomiting immediately upon entering the mouth. It effectively unblocks the head, inducing sneezing. It is frequently used for wind disorders, but contraindicated in deficiency patterns. For lice on the head, sprinkle the powder onto the affected area. For tinea, ringworm, and insect sores, mix the powder with raw sesame oil and apply. Use the root, removing the head. Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) serves as a guiding herb. It is incompatible with Xixin (Asari Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), and all types of Renshen (Ginseng Radix). It clashes with Dahuang and fears scallion white. If vomiting occurs after ingestion, drinking scallion water will stop it. Co-administration with alcohol is fatal.
[Mutong (Akebiae Caulis)]
Sweet, bland. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Small Intestine meridian and Foot-Taiyin Bladder meridian. Its function is specifically to unblock stagnation. Combined with Hupo (Succinum) and Fuling (Poria), it clears fire and promotes urination. Contraindicated in cases of excessive sweating. In ancient times, it was called Tongcao. However, what is currently sold in the market has a bitter taste; the reason is unknown and awaits further verification.
[Tongcao (Tetrapanacis Medulla)]
Bland, white in color. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian. Its function is specifically to guide heat downward, promote lactation, and treat five types of strangury with edema, blurred vision, deafness, nasal congestion, loss of voice, fever reduction, and induction of labor. Burn fresh Tetrapanacis Medulla on a tile until carbonized (preserving its properties), grind into powder, and take 2 qian washed down with hot wine. This is miraculously effective for treating headache with locked jaw.