白附子,味甘、辛,气温,纯阳,无毒。云有小毒者,非。此物善行诸气之药,可恃之
为舟
楫者也。用于人参之中,可开中风之失音;用于茯苓、薏苡仁中,可去寒湿之痹症;用于当
归、川芎之中,可通枯血之经脉;用于大黄中,可以去滞而逐瘀。近人未知,只用之外治以
减瘢,下治以收囊湿,为可惜也。再其性甚燥,凡气血枯槁,虽有风,似不可用。即痰涎壅
塞,而若系有火之症,亦非所宜也。
王不留行,味苦、甘,气平,阳中之阴。无毒。主金疮,止血逐痛,催生调经,除风痹、
风
症、内寒,消乳痈、背痈,下乳止衄,祛烦,尤利小便,乃利药也。其性甚急,下行而不上
行者也,凡病逆而上冲者,用之可降,故可恃之以作臣使之用也。但其性过速,宜暂而不宜
久,又不可不知也。
或问王不留行止可下乳,是上亦可行之物也?不知乳不能下而下之,毕竟是下行,而非
上行
也。上、中焦有可下者,皆可下通,非下行于下焦,而不行于上焦也。
蒲公英,味苦,气平,无毒。入阳明、太阴。溃坚肿,消结核,解食毒,散滞气。至贱
而有
大功,惜世人不知用之。阳明之火每至燎原,用白虎汤以泻火,未免大伤胃气。盖胃中之火
盛,由于胃中之土衰也,泻火而土愈寒矣。故用白虎汤以泻胃火,乃一时之权宜,而不恃之
为经久也。
蒲公英,亦泻胃火之药,但其气甚平,既能泻火,又不损土,可以长服、久服无碍。凡
系阳
明之火起者,俱可大剂服之,火退而胃气自生。试看北地妇女,当饥馑之时,三五成群,采
蒲公英以充食,而人不伤者,正因其泻火以生土也。夫饥饿之人,未有不胃火沸腾者,用之
实有相宜。不可以悟蒲公英之有益而无损乎。但其泻火之力甚微,必须多用一两,少亦五钱
,始可散邪补正耳。
或问蒲公英既有大功,自宜多用,以败毒去火,但其体甚轻,不识可煎膏以入于药笼之
中乎
?夫蒲公英煎膏,实可出奇,尤胜于生用也。而煎膏之法若何?每次必须百斤,石臼内捣烂,
铁锅内用水煎之,一锅水煎至七分,将渣沥起不用,止用汁,盛于布袋之内沥取清汁。每大
锅可煮十斤,十次煮完,俱取清汁,入于大锅内,再煎至浓汁。然后取入砂瓶内盛之,再用
重汤煮之,俟其汁如蜜,将汁倾在盆内,牛皮膏化开入之,搅均为膏,晒之自干矣。大约浓
汁一斤,入牛皮膏一两,便可成膏而切片矣。一百斤蒲公英,可取膏七斤,存之药笼中,以
治疮毒、火毒,尤妙,凡前药内该用草一两者,只消用二钱,尤简妙法也。无鲜草,可用干
草,干则不必百斤,三十斤便可熬膏取七斤也。
或问蒲公英只可治疮毒,而先生谓可泻火,岂泻火即所以治疮毒乎?此又不尽然也。夫
疮毒
虽多成于火,而火症不尽生疮痈。蒲公英妙在善能消疮毒,而又善于消火,故可两用之也。
或问蒲公英泻火,只泻阳明之火,不识各经之火,亦可尽消之乎?曰∶火之最烈者,无
过阳
明之焰。阳明之火降,而各经余火无不尽消。蒲公英虽非各经之药,而各经之火,见蒲公英
则尽伏,即谓蒲公英能泻各经之火,亦无不可也。
或问蒲公英与金银花,同是消痈化疡之物,二味毕竟孰胜?夫蒲公英只入阳明、太阴之
二经
,而金银花则无经不入,蒲公英不可与金银花同论功用也。然金银花得蒲公英,而其功更大
。盖蒲公英攻多于补,非若金银花补多于攻也。
或问《图经》载治恶刺及狐尿剌,摘取蒲公英根茎白汁,涂之立瘥,果有之乎?曰∶此
思邈
孙真人自言其效,不出十日全愈,此则可信者也。但愚见取蒲公英之汁,以涂疮口之上,更
须用其根叶一两煎汤,内外合治,更易收功也。狐剌乃狐所伤,亦用茎汁涂之,而更服汤为
妙耳。
或问蒲公英北地甚多,野人取以作菜,未见不生疮毒也。嗟乎。疮毒之成,成于旦夕。
野人
作羹,能日日用之哉?野人采取之时,半在春间,而疮毒之成,又在夏秋之际,安知春间之
毒,不因食此而消乎。
白附子,味道甘、辛,药性温,属于纯阳之品,没有毒性。有人说它有小毒,这是不对的。这种药物善于运行各种气机,可以把它当作引导药力的舟楫一样使用。将它与人参配合,可以治疗中风导致的失音;将它与茯苓、薏苡仁配合,可以去除寒湿引起的痹症;将它与当归、川芎配合,可以疏通干枯停滞的经脉;将它与大黄配合,可以消除积滞并驱逐瘀血。近代人不知道它的妙用,只把它用于外治以减少疤痕,或用于下焦治疗阴囊潮湿,这真是可惜啊。另外,它的药性非常燥烈,凡是气血枯竭的人,即使有风邪,似乎也不宜使用。即使是痰涎壅塞,如果属于有火的病症,也不适合使用。
王不留行,味道苦、甘,药性平,属于阳中之阴。没有毒性。主要治疗金疮(金属利器造成的创伤),止血并消除疼痛,催生并调理月经,祛除风痹、风症和内寒,消散乳痈和背痈,通乳汁并止鼻衄,祛除烦闷,尤其通利小便,是一味通利性质的药物。它的药性非常急迫,作用趋势是下行而不上行,凡是病势逆而向上冲逆的情况,用它可以使之气降,所以可以依靠它来充当臣使药的作用。但是它的药性过于迅速,适宜暂时使用而不适宜长期服用,这也是必须知道的。
有人问:王不留行只能用来下乳,说明它也是能上行的药物吗?不知道乳汁不能下行而强行使其下行,终究是向下的作用,而不是向上的作用。上焦和中焦如果有需要下行的情况,都可以用它来通下,并不是说它只下行于下焦,而在上焦不发挥作用。
蒲公英,味道苦,药性平,没有毒性。归入阳明经和太阴经。能够溃散坚硬的肿块,消散结核,解除食物中毒,疏散停滞的气机。它虽然价格低廉却功效巨大,可惜世人不知道如何使用它。阳明经的火邪常常像燎原大火一样猛烈,如果用白虎汤来泻火,未免会大大损伤胃气。因为胃中的火盛,是由于胃中的土气衰弱造成的,泻火之后土气会更加寒冷。所以用白虎汤来泻胃火,只是一时的权宜之计,而不能作为长久依赖的方法。
蒲公英,也是泻胃火的药物,但它的药性非常平和,既能泻火,又不损伤土气,可以长期服用、久服而无妨碍。凡是属于阳明经火邪引起的病症,都可以大剂量服用,火邪退去后胃气自然恢复。试看北方地区的妇女,在饥荒时期,三五成群地采集蒲公英来充饥,而人不受伤害,正是因为它通过泻火来生养土气。饥饿的人,没有不是胃火沸腾的,使用蒲公英确实很适宜。难道不能由此领悟到蒲公英有益而无损吗?但是它的泻火力量很微弱,必须多用一两,最少也要五钱,才能起到驱散邪气、补益正气的效果。
有人问:蒲公英既然功效巨大,自然应该多用,以败毒去火,但它的质地很轻,不知道是否可以煎煮成膏剂放入药笼中备用呢?煎煮蒲公英膏,确实可以出奇效,甚至比生用更好。那么煎膏的方法是怎样的呢?每次必须用一百斤,在石臼内捣烂,在铁锅内用水煎煮,一锅水煎至剩余七分时,将药渣滤起不用,只用汁液,装入布袋内沥取清汁。每口大锅可以煮十斤,煮十次取完,将所有清汁倒入大锅内,再煎至浓稠的汁液。然后装入砂瓶中储存,再用隔水加热的方法煮制,等到汁液像蜜一样浓稠时,将汁液倒在盆内,加入融化的牛皮胶,搅拌均匀成为膏状,晒干后即可自行干燥。大约一斤浓汁,加入一两牛皮胶,就可以制成膏并切片了。一百斤蒲公英,可以取得七斤膏,存放在药笼中,用来治疗疮毒、火毒,尤为奇妙,凡是前面的方剂中该用草一两的,只需使用二钱,更是简便奇妙的办法。如果没有鲜草,可以用干草,干草则不必用一百斤,三十斤就可以熬出七斤膏。
有人问:蒲公英只可治疗疮毒,而先生您说它可以泻火,难道泻火就是治疗疮毒的方法吗?这又不完全如此。疮毒虽然多由火引起,但火证并不一定都生成疮痈。蒲公英的妙处在于善于消散疮毒,又善于清除火邪,所以可以两用。
有人问:蒲公英泻火,只是泻阳明经的火,不知道各条经络的火,是否也可以全部消除呢?回答说:最猛烈的火,没有超过阳明经火势的。阳明经的火降下来,各条经络剩余的余火就没有不完全消除的。蒲公英虽然不是专门针对各条经络的药物,但各条经络的火,见到蒲公英就会全部伏降,即使说蒲公英能泻各条经络的火,也是可以的。
有人问:蒲公英与金银花,同样是消痈化疡的药物,这两味药究竟哪个更胜一筹?蒲公英只归入阳明、太阴两条经络,而金银花则是无经不入,蒲公英不可与金银花同等讨论功用。然而金银花得到蒲公英的配合,其功效就更大。因为蒲公英攻邪多于补益,不像金银花那样补益多于攻邪。
有人问:《图经》记载治疗恶刺及狐尿剌,摘取蒲公英根茎的白色汁液,涂抹后立即痊愈,果真如此吗?回答说:这是孙思邈真人自己说的疗效,不出十日完全痊愈,这是可信的。但我认为取蒲公英的汁液涂抹在疮口上,还必须用它的根叶一两煎汤,内外合治,更容易收到功效。狐剌是被狐狸所伤,也用茎汁涂抹,但再服用汤药更为巧妙。
有人问:蒲公英在北方地区很多,野人采摘它作为蔬菜,没见得不生疮毒。唉!疮毒的形成,往往在旦夕之间。野人做羹汤,能天天都使用它吗?野人采集的时候,多半在春季,而疮毒的形成,又在夏秋之际,怎么知道春季的毒邪,不是因为吃了这个而消除的呢。
Bai Fu Zi (Fuzi Radix Arisaematis), with a sweet and pungent taste, warm nature, belonging to pure Yang, is non-toxic. The claim that it has slight toxicity is incorrect. This herb excels at promoting the movement of Qi in various meridians and can be relied upon as a guiding agent (like a boat or oar) to direct medicinal actions. When combined with Renshen (Ginseng Root), it can treat aphonia caused by wind-stroke; when used with Fuling (Poria Sclerotium) and Yiyiren (Coix Seed), it can dispel bi-syndrome caused by cold-dampness; when paired with Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root) and Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), it can unblock collaterals obstructed by stagnant blood; when used with Dahuang (Rhubarb Root and Rhizome), it can remove stagnation and expel blood stasis. Modern practitioners are unaware of its efficacy, using it only externally to reduce scars or internally to treat dampness in the scrotum, which is truly regrettable. Furthermore, its nature is very drying. For individuals with exhausted Qi and Blood, even if wind pathogens are present, it seems inappropriate for use. Even in cases of phlegm-fluid retention blocking the airways, if the condition involves fire, it is also unsuitable.
Wang Bu Liu Xing (Vaccariae Semen), with a bitter and sweet taste and neutral nature, belongs to Yin within Yang. It is non-toxic. It primarily treats metal wounds (trauma from sharp objects), stops bleeding and relieves pain, induces labor and regulates menstruation, dispels wind-bi, wind-patterns, and internal cold, resolves breast abscesses and back abscesses, promotes lactation and stops epistaxis, alleviates irritability, and particularly promotes urination. It is a draining and unblocking herb. Its nature is very urgent, acting downward rather than upward. For conditions where pathological factors rebel and rush upward, it can cause them to descend, thus it can be relied upon to serve as an assistant minister drug. However, its action is too rapid; it is suitable for short-term use but not long-term, which must be noted.
One might ask: Wang Bu Liu Xing is only used to promote lactation, implying it can also move upward? Not so. Milk failing to flow downward and being forced down is ultimately a downward action, not an upward one. If there is stagnation in the Upper and Middle Jiao that needs to be drained downward, it can be used to unblock them; it does not mean it only acts on the Lower Jiao and fails to act on the Upper Jiao.
Pu Gong Ying (Taraxacum Herba), with a bitter taste and neutral nature, is non-toxic. It enters the Yangming and Taiyin meridians. It can dissipate hard swellings, resolve nodules, detoxify food poisoning, and disperse stagnant Qi. Though inexpensive, it achieves great merit, yet people pity that the world does not know how to use it. Fire in the Yangming meridian often rages like a prairie fire. Using Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) to clear heat may excessively damage Stomach Qi. The excess fire in the Stomach stems from the deficiency of Earth (Spleen/Stomach Qi) in the Stomach; clearing heat makes the Earth colder. Therefore, using Baihu Tang to drain Stomach fire is a temporary expedient, not a method to rely on for long-term health.
Pu Gong Ying is also a herb that drains Stomach fire, but its nature is very mild. It can clear heat without damaging Earth (Spleen/Stomach Qi), allowing for long-term consumption without harm. For any fire arising from the Yangming meridian, large doses can be taken; once the fire recedes, Stomach Qi naturally regenerates. Observe women in northern regions during famines, who gather Pu Gong Ying in groups to eat, remaining unharmed. This is precisely because it clears heat to generate Earth. Hungry individuals invariably have boiling Stomach fire; using Pu Gong Ying is indeed appropriate. Can we not realize that Pu Gong Ying is beneficial and harmless? However, its heat-clearing power is weak; large doses of 1 liang (approx. 30g) or at least 5 qian (approx. 15g) are required to scatter pathogens and support healthy Qi.
One might ask: Since Pu Gong Ying has great merit, should it be used in large amounts to defeat toxins and clear heat? Given its light texture, can it be decocted into a paste for storage in the medicine cabinet? Decocting Pu Gong Ying into a paste yields remarkable results, superior to raw use. How is this done? One must start with 100 jin (approx. 50kg). Pound it thoroughly in a stone mortar, then decoct it in an iron pot with water. Decoct until three-tenths of the water remains, filter out the dregs, and retain only the juice. Strain the juice through a cloth bag. Each large pot can process 10 jin (approx. 5kg); repeat ten times, collecting all clear juices. Combine these in a large pot and decoct again until thick. Transfer to a clay jar and heat gently over water (double boiler method) until the liquid resembles honey. Pour into a basin, add melted ox-hide glue, stir evenly into a paste, and dry in the sun. Approximately 1 jin (approx. 500g) of thick juice requires 1 liang (approx. 30g) of ox-hide glue to form slices. From 100 jin of Pu Gong Ying, 7 jin (approx. 3.5kg) of paste can be obtained. Stored in the cabinet, it is excellent for treating sores and toxin-heat. In previous prescriptions requiring 1 liang of herbs, only 2 qian (approx. 6g) of paste is needed, a simple and ingenious method. If fresh herbs are unavailable, dried herbs can be used; 30 jin (approx. 15kg) of dried herbs yield 7 jin (approx. 3.5kg) of paste.
One might ask: Pu Gong Ying is said to treat sores, but you claim it clears heat. Is clearing heat equivalent to treating sores? Not entirely. While sores often arise from fire, not all fire patterns produce carbuncles. Pu Gong Ying’s brilliance lies in its ability to both resolve sores and clear heat, allowing dual application.
One might ask: Pu Gong Ying clears Yangming fire; can it extinguish fire in all meridians? I reply: The fiercest fire is found in the Yangming flame. Once Yangming fire subsides, residual fire in other meridians is inevitably cleared. Although Pu Gong Ying is not specific to every meridian, fire in all meridians submits to it when encountered. Thus, stating that Pu Gong Ying clears fire in all meridians is acceptable.
One might ask: Both Pu Gong Ying and Jin Yin Hua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos) resolve abscesses and ulcers; which is superior? Pu Gong Ying enters only the Yangming and Taiyin meridians, whereas Jin Yin Hua enters no meridian it cannot reach. Their functions cannot be equated. However, when Jin Yin Hua is combined with Pu Gong Ying, its efficacy increases. Pu Gong Ying focuses more on attacking pathogens than tonifying, unlike Jin Yin Hua, which tonifies more than it attacks.
One might ask: "Tu Jing" records that for thorn injuries and fox urine scratches, applying the white juice from Pu Gong Ying roots and stems cures immediately. Is this true? I reply: This is Sun Simiao’s own account of efficacy, claiming full recovery within ten days, which is credible. However, my view is that after applying the juice to the wound, one should also decoct 1 liang (approx. 30g) of its roots and leaves for oral administration. Internal and external treatment together yields better results. For fox scratches, applying stem juice is good, but taking the decoction orally is superior.
One might ask: Pu Gong Ying is abundant in the north, and villagers eat it as vegetables without developing sores. Alas! Sores form rapidly. Do villagers make soup with it daily? Villagers harvest it mostly in spring, while sores develop in summer and autumn. How do we know that spring toxins were not eliminated by consuming it?