茵陈，味苦、辛，气微寒，阴中微阳，无毒。入足太阳、少阳之经。专治瘅症发黄，非
黄症
，断不可用。果是真黄病，可用之为君。但黄症又不同，有阴黄、阳黄，有热黄、寒黄、燥
黄，有血黄、气黄之殊，不可不辨。世人一见发黄，全不分别，俱用茵陈，无引经之品，共
相佐使，所以有效有不效也，谨细陈之。阴黄之病，其湿不甚，黄色又不深，下体黄，上身
不
黄者也，夜间反觉不安，小便反涩，日间小便反利，转觉安宁。治法宜用茵陈为君，佐之茯
苓、泽泻、薏苡仁之类，或加之五苓散又妙。茵陈可用至三钱至五钱，不可越五钱之外，连
服数剂，黄可尽退也。阳黄之病，其湿又不太甚，但黄色如金，上身眼目尽黄，而下体乃不
黄者是也，日间小便艰涩，或痛或不痛，夜则安然自利。治法宜用茵陈为君，而佐之升麻、
桔梗、茯苓、天花粉，麻黄、黄芩之类，数服即愈，茵陈必须多加五、六钱也。热黄之病，
口必大渴，然多饮反觉不快，一身上下俱黄，眼目反觉色淡，小便时急数疼痛，其溺必如黄
汗，盖热结膀胱而不得出耳。法又用茵陈为君，大约必须五钱为止，佐之龙胆草、炒栀子、
芍药、茯苓、猪苓、泽泻之类，则火热泻而黄又愈也，寒黄之病，一见水，则大吐不已，畏
寒怕冷，腹中时痛，手按之始安，一身上下又黄，眼目自白，小便清长，夜间尤利，盖寒结
于膀胱，命门无火以通，则水气流入于脾，而脾又寒虚，乃渗走于皮毛而为黄，其黄色必如
秋葵之色者也。虽又用茵陈为君，但只可用至一钱，切戒多用，必须佐之白术、茯苓、山药
、芡实、薏仁，少用附子数分以温补其命门之火，不须十剂，则全愈矣。湿黄之病，全是水
湿之气也，虽黄症俱是水湿，而湿黄之水湿更甚，一身上下、眼目、手足尽黄，俱身必浮肿
，按之如泥，又用茵陈四五钱，加入升麻、甘遂、牵牛、车前、泽泻之类，少升其气，使水
尽从大、小便出，一剂水湿减去大半，而黄尽退矣，断不可服三剂。盖牵牛、甘遂性悍，多
服恐伤人元气耳。燥黄之病，全非水湿，其外现之症，不过胸前之皮肉少黄，而一身上下、
眼目不黄，此肺金燥极，黄发于胸前，乃假象也。然既已发黄，茵陈又不可全然不用，可用
七、八分，加入麦冬、栀子、芍药、陈皮、天门冬、元参、天花粉、白芥子之类，久服自愈
，肺经不燥，而胸黄自除也。血黄之症，上下一身、眼目俱黄，身必花热，胸必烦闷，腹必
疼痛，此血瘀于腹中胸下，故变为发黄，伤寒症中，最多此病，论理可遵仲景夫子之方，照
症分治。而余又酌定一方，以便世之采用。茵陈为君，加丹
皮、牛膝、当归、栀子、川芎、大黄之品，一服而疼痛烦闷除，其黄必渐愈。苟或服药，仍
然闷痛，必须加入水蛭一钱，其瘀血始解，发黄尽退也。气黄之病，身不发热，又无饱闷烦
燥之状，但头面发黄如淡金之色，饮食知味少，若行动，便觉气怯不能动履，小便不数，大
便
反燥，然又不结，此气虚不能运此水湿之气，以成黄病者也。可用茵陈一二钱，加入人参、
白术、黄 、茯苓、车前子，大剂煎饮，自然气旺，黄色全消矣。居言至此，虽不敢谓黄症
治法全备，然分病既清，用药无误，要不能越此范围。愿人之临症之时，细察而分治之可耳
或问子论黄病，实发天地之奇，黄病岂尽于此乎？曰∶更有一种，身不黄，足反黄，此
湿热
壅闭于中焦，乃脾胃之虚，不能化水也。又用茵陈加白术、茯苓、陈皮、甘草、白芥子、枳
壳、槟榔、白芍之类治之，则水渐利而黄渐去。倘身黄，而手足反不黄者，乃不治之症也。
茵陈，味道苦、辛，性质微寒，属于阴中带有微阳，没有毒性。它进入足太阳经和足少阳经的经络。专门治疗因湿热蕴结导致的黄疸病（瘅症发黄），如果不是真正的黄疸病，绝对不可以使用。如果是真正的黄病，可以将其作为主药（君药）。但是黄病又有不同种类，有阴黄、阳黄之分，有热黄、寒黄、燥黄之别，还有血黄、气黄的不同，这些必须仔细辨别。世人一见皮肤发黄，完全不加以区分，都使用茵陈，且没有引导药物到达特定经络的引经药，也没有配合使用的佐使药，所以有的有效，有的无效，这里谨慎详细地陈述如下。
阴黄的病症，湿气不是很重，黄色也不深，表现为下半身发黄，上半身不发黄；夜间反而觉得不安宁，小便反而涩滞不畅，白天小便反而通利，转而感到安宁。治疗方法适宜用茵陈作为主药，辅以茯苓、泽泻、薏苡仁等药物，或者加上五苓散效果更好。茵陈可以使用到三钱至五钱，不能超过五钱，连续服用几剂，黄色就可以完全消退。
阳黄的病症，湿气也不是特别重，但黄色像金子一样亮，上半身和眼目全部发黄，而下半身却不发黄；白天小便艰涩困难，有时疼痛有时不痛，夜晚则安然自在地排尿。治疗方法适宜用茵陈作为主药，辅以升麻、桔梗、茯苓、天花粉、麻黄、黄芩等药物，服用几剂即可痊愈，茵陈必须多用至五六钱。
热黄的病症，口中必定大渴，但多喝反而觉得不舒服，全身上下都发黄，眼目反而颜色较淡，小便时急迫频数且疼痛，尿液一定像黄色的汗水，这是因为热邪结聚在膀胱导致尿液无法排出。法度上又用茵陈作为主药，大约必须用到五钱为止，辅以龙胆草、炒栀子、芍药、茯苓、猪苓、泽泻等药物，那么火热之邪得以泻下，黄色也就痊愈了。
寒黄的病症，一见到水就剧烈呕吐不止，怕冷畏寒，腹中时常疼痛，用手按压腹部才感到舒适，全身上下都发黄，眼白部分发白，小便清长，夜间尤其通利，这是因为寒邪结聚在膀胱，命门之火不足无法温通，导致水气流入脾脏，而脾脏又寒冷虚弱，于是水湿渗漏走窜到皮毛而变成黄色，其黄色一定像秋葵花的颜色。虽然也用茵陈作为主药，但只可用到一钱，切忌多用，必须辅以白术、茯苓、山药、芡实、薏仁，少量使用附子几分来温补命门之火，不需要十剂，就能完全痊愈。
湿黄的病症，完全是水湿之气所致，虽然黄病都是水湿引起，但湿黄的水湿更严重，全身上下、眼目、手足全部发黄，身体必定浮肿，按下去像泥一样软，此时再用茵陈四五钱，加入升麻、甘遂、牵牛子、车前子、泽泻等药物，稍微提升一下气机，使水湿全部从大便和小便排出，服用一剂后水湿减去大半，黄色完全消退，绝对不可以服用三剂。因为牵牛子和甘遂药性猛烈，多服恐怕损伤人的元气。
燥黄的病症，完全不是水湿引起，其外在表现的症状，不过是胸前的皮肉稍微发黄，而全身上下、眼目不黄，这是肺金极度干燥，黄色发于胸前，是假象。然而既然已经发黄，茵陈又不能完全不用，可以用七八分，加入麦冬、栀子、芍药、陈皮、天门冬、玄参、天花粉、白芥子等药物，长期服用自然痊愈，肺经不再干燥，胸前的黄色自然消除。
血黄的病症，全身上下、眼目都发黄，身体必定出现花斑样的发热，胸部必定烦闷，腹部必定疼痛，这是因为瘀血停滞在腹部和胸下，所以变成为发黄，在伤寒病症中，这种病最多见，按理应当遵循张仲景先生的方剂，按照症状分别治疗。而我另外斟酌确定一方，以便世人采用。以茵陈为主药，加入牡丹皮、牛膝、当归、栀子、川芎、大黄等药物，服用一剂后疼痛烦闷消除，黄色必定逐渐痊愈。如果服药后，仍然感到闷痛，必须加入水蛭一钱，瘀血才能化解，黄色完全消退。
气黄的病症，身体不发热，也没有饱胀闷躁的状态，只是头面发黄像淡金色的颜色，饮食知道味道但食欲少，如果行动，就觉得气虚胆怯不能行走，小便不频数，大便反而干燥，但又不结成硬块，这是气虚不能运化水湿之气，从而形成黄病。可以用茵陈一二钱，加入人参、白术、黄芪、茯苓、车前子，大剂量煎煮饮用，自然气旺，黄色完全消除。
说到这里，虽然不敢说黄病的治疗方法已经完全完备，但是既然将病症分类清晰，用药没有错误，总归不能超出这个范围。希望人们在临症的时候，仔细观察并分别治疗即可。
有人问我讨论黄病，确实阐发了天地的奇妙之处，黄病难道只有这些吗？回答说：还有一种情况，身体不黄，脚反而发黄，这是湿热壅闭在中焦，是脾胃虚弱，不能运化水湿的缘故。再用茵陈加入白术、茯苓、陈皮、甘草、白芥子、枳壳、槟榔、白芍等药物来治疗，那么水湿逐渐利出，黄色逐渐去除。倘若身体发黄，而手脚反而不黄，这是不治之症。
Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba), with a bitter and acrid taste, and a slightly cold nature, belongs to Yin containing slight Yang, and is non-toxic. It enters the meridians of Foot-Taiyang and Foot-Shaoyang. It is specifically used to treat jaundice caused by damp-heat accumulation (Dan Zheng Huang Huang). It must absolutely not be used if it is not true jaundice. If it is indeed true jaundice, it can be used as the Sovereign herb (Jun Yao). However, jaundice varies; there are Yin Jaundice and Yang Jaundice, Heat Jaundice, Cold Jaundice, Dryness Jaundice, and distinctions between Blood Jaundice and Qi Jaundice, which must not fail to be differentiated. People in the world, upon seeing yellowing of the skin, do not differentiate at all, and all use Yinchen without guiding herbs (Yin Jing Zhi Pin) or coordinating assistants (Zuo Shi), hence some cases are effective while others are not. Here, I carefully and detailedly state the following.
The disease of Yin Jaundice: The dampness is not severe, the yellow color is not deep, the lower body is yellow while the upper body is not. At night, one feels restless, urination is hindered, but during the day urination is smooth, bringing a sense of comfort. The treatment method should use Yinchen as the Sovereign herb, assisted by Fuling (Poria), Zexie (Alisma), Yiyiren (Coix Seed), etc., or adding Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is excellent. Yinchen can be used from 3 qian to 5 qian, not exceeding 5 qian. Taking it continuously for several doses will cause the yellow color to completely recede.
The disease of Yang Jaundice: The dampness is not too severe, but the yellow color is like gold; the upper body and eyes are entirely yellow, while the lower body is not. During the day, urination is difficult and obstructed, sometimes painful, sometimes not; at night, urination is peaceful and spontaneous. The treatment method should use Yinchen as the Sovereign herb, assisted by Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Fuling (Poria), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), etc. After several doses, it will heal. Yinchen must be increased to 5 or 6 qian.
The disease of Heat Jaundice: There is always great thirst in the mouth, yet drinking much causes discomfort. The entire body is yellow, but the eyes appear relatively pale. Urination is urgent, frequent, and painful; the urine resembles yellow sweat. This is due to heat binding in the Bladder preventing outflow. The method again uses Yinchen as the Sovereign herb, approximately up to 5 qian, assisted by Longdancao (Gentianae Radix), Chao Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus stir-fried), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Fuling (Poria), Zhuling (Polyporus), Zexie (Alisma), etc. Thus, fire and heat are drained, and jaundice heals.
The disease of Cold Jaundice: Upon seeing water, there is incessant severe vomiting; one fears cold. Abdominal pain occurs frequently, relieved only by pressure. The whole body is yellow, the sclera is white, urination is clear and copious, especially at night. This is because cold binds in the Bladder, Mingmen Fire (Gate of Life fire) lacks strength to unblock, causing water qi to flow into the Spleen. Since the Spleen is cold and deficient, moisture seeps into the skin and hair, turning yellow. The yellow color resembles that of autumn hibiscus flowers. Although Yinchen is used as the Sovereign herb, it should only be used up to 1 qian; excessive use is strictly forbidden. It must be assisted by Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Qianshi (Nelumbinis Semen), Yiren (Coix Seed), and a small amount of Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, several fen) to warm and tonify Mingmen Fire. Without needing ten doses, full recovery will occur.
The disease of Dampness Jaundice: It is entirely due to water-dampness qi. Although all jaundices involve water-dampness, the dampness in Dampness Jaundice is more severe. The whole body, eyes, hands, and feet are yellow; the body is edematous, feeling like mud when pressed. Use Yinchen 4-5 qian, added with Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Gansui (Kansui Radix), Qianniu (Pharbitidis Semen), Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen), Zexie (Alisma), etc., to slightly raise the Qi, allowing water-dampness to exit through stool and urine. One dose reduces water-dampness by more than half, and jaundice recedes completely. Do not take three doses. Gansui and Qianniu have fierce properties; excessive use may damage Yuan Qi (Original Qi).
The disease of Dryness Jaundice: It is entirely unrelated to water-dampness. Externally, only the skin and flesh on the chest are slightly yellow, while the rest of the body and eyes are not yellow. This is extreme dryness of Lung Metal; the yellow appearing on the chest is a false manifestation. However, since yellowing has occurred, Yinchen cannot be completely omitted. Use 7-8 fen, added with Maidong (Ophiopogonis Tuber), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Tiandong (Asparagi Radix), Yuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Baijiezi (Sinapis Semen), etc. Long-term use leads to self-healing; once Lung Meridian dryness resolves, chest yellowing removes itself.
The symptom of Blood Jaundice: The whole body and eyes are yellow; the body exhibits mottled fever; the chest is stifling and oppressed; the abdomen is painful. This is blood stasis in the abdomen and below the chest, transforming into yellowing. In Shanghan (Cold Damage) diseases, this is most common. Theoretically, one should follow Master Zhang Zhongjing's formulas and treat according to symptoms. I have additionally devised a formula for adoption. Use Yinchen as Sovereign, adding Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). One dose eliminates pain and oppression; yellowing gradually heals. If after taking medicine, oppression and pain persist, add Shuizhi (Hirudo), 1 qian, so that blood stasis dissolves and yellowing recedes completely.
The disease of Qi Jaundice: The body does not fever, nor is there bloating, oppression, or irritability. Only the head and face are yellow like pale gold. Appetite is low despite knowing flavors. Movement causes a sense of Qi deficiency and inability to walk. Urination is not frequent; stool is dry but not constipated. This is Qi deficiency failing to transport water-dampness qi, resulting in jaundice. Use Yinchen 1-2 qian, added with Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Fuling (Poria), Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen), decocted in large doses and drunk. Naturally, Qi becomes robust, and yellowing vanishes completely.
Having spoken thus, although I dare not claim these methods for treating jaundice are exhaustive, since the diseases are clearly categorized and medications are error-free, they generally cover the scope. I wish people to observe carefully and treat separately when facing clinical cases.
Someone asked: "Your discussion on jaundice truly reveals the wonders of Heaven and Earth. Are there no other types of jaundice?" I replied: "There is another type where the body is not yellow, but the feet are yellow. This is damp-heat congesting and blocking the Middle Jiao, due to Spleen-Stomach deficiency failing to transform water. Treat with Yinchen added to Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Baijiezi (Sinapis Semen), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), etc. Then water gradually benefits, and yellow gradually goes. If the body is yellow but the hands and feet are not, it is an incurable condition."