焙用。此草得风不摇，无风自动，故名独摇草。
苦、辛，微温，无毒，性升。入足少阴经。佐细辛疗头晕目眩，君地黄治风热齿痛。痉
痫湿
痹皆医，奔豚疝瘕悉疗。搜诸风兼肾家伏风，去诸湿并治足间湿痹。
独活、羌活，乃一类二种。中国或蜀汉出者为独活，西羌出者为羌活。春生苗叶如青麻，
六
月开花作丛，或黄或紫。今人以根紫色而节密者为羌活，黄色而作块者为独活。近时江淮山
中出一种土当归，白肉黑皮、气亦芬香，人以之充独活，不可不知。古方惟用独活，盖一物
二种，正如川芎、抚芎，苍术、白术之义，后人以为二物则非矣。
中风口噤，身冷，酒煎四两分服。（验方第一。）
历节风痛，同羌活、松节酒煎服。（第二。）
风牙肿痛，酒煎漱之。（第三。）
中风不语，独活一两酒煎，黑豆一两炒有声，以药酒热投，盖之良久，久服不瘥更服。
（第四。）
味苦，辛，温，无毒，性升。入足太阳、少阴、厥阴经。搜风解表，胜湿去痹。头旋目
赤要
剂，脊痛项强良药。手足不遂，口目不正。失音不语之风，奔豚痫痉之 。散肌表诸风之邪
，利周身百节之痛。血虚头痛，二活并忌。
四时传染，肿赤痛泪。防风 连翘 牛蒡子 赤芍 大黄 羌活 炒栀 薄荷 归尾 川
芎甘草 水煎。
产后腹痛，产后诸药不效，酒煎二两服。（验方第一。）
产肠脱出。同上。（第二。）
妊娠浮肿，与莱菔子同炒，去莱菔，末服酒下。（第三。）
风水浮肿。同上。（第四。）
喉闭口噤，同牛蒡子水煎，入白矾少许服。（第五。）
目睛垂出至鼻名肝胀，急煎服之。（第六。）
时时大便血痛。同上。（第七。）
太阳头痛，同防风末吹入鼻。（第八。）
春夏秋感冒，头痛发热，身痛，脉浮缓有汗。羌活、白术、川芎、白芷、黄 少许，细
辛少许，当归、防
九味羌活汤 羌活 防风 苍术 川芎 细辛 白芷 当归 黄芩 甘草 姜
葱
治春夏秋感冒，头痛发热，脊强无汗，脉浮紧。（诸方第一。）
时眼暴发赤痛∶羌活 苍术 防风 川连 川芎 白芷（各八分） 甘草（三分） 细
辛（五分）
姜引，外以白矾、绿矾熏之，闭目以手洗之。（第二。）
时睛昏蒙∶草决明 防风 菊花 荆子 荆芥 羌活 归尾 川芎 白芷 薄荷 生地
黄
姜
五七服为度。（第三。）
（羌活）经焙干后使用。这种草遇风不摇动，无风时却自动摆动，因此得名“独摇草”。
味苦、辛，性微温，无毒，药性主升。入足少阴肾经。辅助细辛治疗头晕目眩，作为主药配伍地黄治疗风热引起的齿痛。痉挛、癫痫、湿痹都能医治，奔豚气、疝气、瘕积都能治愈。能搜剔各种风邪兼治肾脏伏留之风，去除各种湿气并治疗足部的湿痹。
独活和羌活，属于同一类植物但有两种不同品种。中国境内或蜀汉地区出产的叫独活，西羌地区出产的叫羌活。春天生长苗叶像青麻一样，六月开花成丛，颜色有的黄有的紫。现在人们以根呈紫色且节段密集的为羌活，根呈黄色且块状明显的为独活。近来江淮山中出现一种土当归，肉质白色外皮黑色，气味也芬芳，有人用它来冒充独活，这一点不可不知道。古方中只用独活，大概是因为这是一物两种，正如川芎与抚芎、苍术与白术的道理一样，后人将其视为两种不同的药物是不对的。
中风导致牙关紧闭，身体发冷，用酒煎煮四两，分次服用。（验方第一。）
历节风疼痛，配合羌活、松节用酒煎煮服用。（第二。）
风邪引起的牙齿肿痛，用酒煎煮后含漱。（第三。）
中风失语，取独活一两用酒煎煮，黑豆一两炒至发出声响，将药酒趁热倒入，覆盖保温良久，久服未愈可继续服用。（第四。）
（独活）味苦、辛，性温，无毒，药性主升。入足太阳膀胱经、足少阴肾经、足厥阴肝经。搜剔风邪解表，胜湿祛痹。是治疗头晕目赤的要剂，也是治疗脊痛项强的良药。对于手足不能随意运动、口眼歪斜、因风邪导致的失音不语，以及奔豚、癫痫、痉挛等症均有疗效。能疏散肌表诸风之邪，通利周身百节的疼痛。血虚引起的头痛，独活和羌活都应当忌用。
四季传染病，眼睛红肿疼痛流泪。防风、连翘、牛蒡子、赤芍、大黄、羌活、炒栀子、薄荷、当归尾、川芎、甘草，水煎服。
产后腹痛，服用其他产后药物无效时，用酒煎煮二两服用。（验方第一。）
产后子宫脱垂。同上法服用。（第二。）
妊娠期间浮肿，与莱菔子同炒，去掉莱菔子，研末后用酒送服。（第三。）
风水引起的浮肿。同上法服用。（第四。）
喉闭牙关紧闭，配合牛蒡子水煎，加入少许白矾服用。（第五。）
眼球突出至鼻梁名为肝胀，急煎服用。（第六。）
时常大便带血且疼痛。同上法服用。（第七。）
太阳经头痛，配合防风研末吹入鼻腔。（第八。）
春夏秋季感冒，头痛发热，身痛，脉浮缓且有汗出。羌活、白术、川芎、白芷、黄芩少许，细辛少许，当归、防风。
九味羌活汤：羌活、防风、苍术、川芎、细辛、白芷、当归、黄芩、甘草，加生姜、葱白。
治疗春夏秋季感冒，头痛发热，脊背强直无汗，脉浮紧。（诸方第一。）
时行眼病突发红痛：羌活、苍术、防风、黄连、川芎、白芷（各八分），甘草（三分），细辛（五分），生姜引经，外用白矾、绿矾熏蒸，闭目用手清洗患处。（第二。）
时行眼病昏蒙不清：草决明、防风、菊花、荆芥子、荆芥、羌活、当归尾、川芎、白芷、薄荷、生地黄，加生姜。
服用五到七帖为限度。（第三。）
(Baked for use.) This herb does not sway when the wind blows, yet moves spontaneously when there is no wind; hence its name "Duyao Cao" (Herb of Independent Swaying).
Bitter, pungent, slightly warm, non-toxic, with an ascending nature. Enters the Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) Meridian. Assists Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) in treating dizziness and vertigo; serves as the sovereign herb paired with Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) to treat toothache caused by wind-heat. It treats spasms, epilepsy, and damp-bi syndrome; it cures Ben Tun (Rushing Pig Qi), hernia, and Jia masses (abdominal lumps). It searches out various wind pathogens and simultaneously treats latent wind in the Kidney system; it eliminates various dampness and treats damp-bi in the feet.
Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) and Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) are of one category but two species. Those produced in China or Shuhan are called Duhuo; those from Western Qiang are called Qianghuo. In spring, the seedlings and leaves grow like green hemp; in the sixth month, they flower in clusters, either yellow or purple. Nowadays, people identify Qianghuo by its purplish root with dense nodes, and Duhuo by its yellowish root appearing in blocks. Recently, a type of "Tu Danggui" (Wild Angelica) has appeared in the mountains of Jianghuai; it has white flesh and black skin, and its aroma is also fragrant. Some people use it to pass off as Duhuo, which must be known. Ancient formulas only used Duhuo, likely because this is one substance with two varieties, just as Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and Fuxiong (Ligustici Rhizoma), and Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) share similar principles. Later generations considering them as two distinct substances is incorrect.
For stroke causing lockjaw and cold body: decoct four liang in wine and take in divided doses. (Verified Formula No. 1.)
For Lijie Feng pain (painful obstruction of joints): decoct with Qianghuo and Songjie (Pinus Massoniana Node) in wine and take. (No. 2.)
For wind-induced swollen and painful teeth: decoct in wine and gargle. (No. 3.)
For stroke causing aphasia: decoct one liang of Duhuo in wine; stir-fry one liang of Heidou (Black Soybean) until it makes sound; pour the hot medicinal wine over the beans, cover and keep warm for a long time. If not cured after prolonged use, continue taking it. (No. 4.)
Bitter, pungent, warm, non-toxic, with an ascending nature. Enters the Foot-Taiyang (Bladder), Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney), and Foot-Jueyin (Liver) Meridians. Searches out wind and releases the exterior; overcomes dampness and dispels bi-syndrome. It is a crucial agent for treating dizziness and red eyes, and a fine medicine for spinal pain and neck stiffness. For hemiplegia, facial paralysis (crooked mouth and eyes), wind-induced aphonia, Ben Tun, epilepsy, and spasms, it disperses wind pathogens on the muscle surface and benefits pain in all joints of the body. For headache due to blood deficiency, both Duhuo and Qianghuo should be avoided.
For contagious diseases in all seasons with swollen, red, painful, and tearing eyes: Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Qianghuo, fried Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Guiwei (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma); decoct in water.
For postpartum abdominal pain, when other postpartum medicines fail: decoct two liang in wine and take. (Verified Formula No. 1.)
For postpartum uterine prolapse: Same method as above. (No. 2.)
For edema during pregnancy: Stir-fry together with Laifuzi (Raphani Semen), remove Laifuzi, grind into powder, and take with wine. (No. 3.)
For Fengshui edema (wind-water swelling): Same method as above. (No. 4.)
For throat closure and lockjaw: Decoct with Niubangzi, add a small amount of Baifan (Alumen), and take. (No. 5.)
For eyeballs protruding to the nose, named Gan Zhang (Liver Distension): Decoct urgently and take. (No. 6.)
For frequent bloody stools with pain: Same method as above. (No. 7.)
For Taiyang headache: Mix with Fangfeng powder and insufflate into the nose. (No. 8.)
For colds in spring, summer, and autumn with headache, fever, body ache, floating and moderate pulse with sweating: Qianghuo, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Chuanxiong, Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) in small amount, Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) in small amount, Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Fangfeng.
Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang (Nine-Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction): Qianghuo, Fangfeng, Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Chuanxiong, Xixin, Baizhi, Danggui, Huangqin, Gancao, with Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus).
Treats colds in spring, summer, and autumn with headache, fever, stiff spine, absence of sweat, and tight floating pulse. (First among Various Formulas.)
Sudden onset of red and painful eyes due to seasonal pathogens: Qianghuo, Cangzhu, Fangfeng, Chuanlian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Chuanxiong, Baizhi (each 8 fen), Gancao (3 fen), Xixin (5 fen); use Shengjiang as guide. Externally fumigate with Baifen (Alumen) and Lvfan (Chalcanthite), close eyes and wash with hand. (No. 2.)
Dim vision due to seasonal pathogens: Caojueming (Cassiae Semen), Fangfeng, Juhua (Chrysanthemi Flos), Jingzi (Schizonepetae Spica), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica Praeparata), Qianghuo, Guiwei, Chuanxiong, Baizhi, Bohe, Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Shengjiang.
Take five to seven doses as the limit. (No. 3.)