（蚌蛤）解毒化痰止嗽敛寒
蛤蜊粉（专入肾。兼入肺肝）。即海内水蚌壳 而为粉也。与江海淡水蚌壳不同。功与
牡蛎相
似。但此止有敛涩化坚解热之力。（时珍曰。寒制火而咸润下。故能降焉。寒散热而咸走血
。故能消焉。坚者软之以咸。取其属水而性润也。湿者燥之以渗。取其经火化而利小便也。
）故能消痰止嗽治肿。昔宋徽宗宠妃患此。李防御觅得市人海蚌蛤蛤粉。少加青黛。以淡
水加麻油数滴调服而愈。亦是敛肺清热之意。无他治也。（昔滁州酒库攒司陈通患水肿垂死
。诸医不治。一妪令以大蒜十个捣如泥。入蛤粉丸。食前白汤下。服尽小便下数桶而愈。）
肉咸冷。解酒热。文蛤背有紫斑纹。较此蛤蜊壳稍浓。性味主治颇近。但此性兼利水止渴除
烦。并治血热崩中带下。总以取其寒咸涤饮之义耳！（成无己曰。文蛤之咸走肾以胜水气。
如仲景伤寒太阳病。用水劫益烦。意欲饮水反不渴。及金匮渴欲饮水不止。反胃吐后。渴欲
饮水而贪饮者。皆用文蛤汤以治。）海蛤系海内烂壳。混杂沙泥。火 为粉。亦属利水消肿
止嗽之品。然总不类牡蛎功专收涩固脱解热为事也。
酸主收。故收当以酸为主也。然徒以酸为主。而不兼审阴阳虚实以治。亦非得乎用酸之
道矣
！故酸收之药。其类甚多。然大要性寒而收者。则有白芍牡蛎粟壳五倍子百药煎皂白二矾。
其收兼有涩固。而白芍则但主收而不涩耳。性温与涩而收者。则有五味木瓜乌梅诃子赤石脂
等味。但五味则专敛肺归肾涩精固气。木瓜则专敛肺醒脾。乌梅则专敛气涩肠。诃子则专收
脱止泻。清痰降火。赤石脂则专收脱止血也。若在金樱。虽为涩精要剂。然徒具有涩力。而
补性绝少。山茱萸温补肝肾。虽为收脱固气之用。而收多于涩。不可分别而异施耳。
蛤蜊粉（主要入肾经，兼入肺经和肝经），是由海中的水蚌壳研磨而成的粉末。它与江河湖海中的淡水蚌壳不同。其功效与牡蛎相似，但此药仅具有收敛涩滞、软化坚硬、清解热邪的作用。（李时珍说：寒性能制约火邪，咸味能下行滋润，所以它能降逆；寒性能散热，咸味能入血分，所以它能消散结块。坚硬的病证用咸味来软化，是因为咸味属水且性质滋润；湿浊的病证用渗利法来燥湿，是因为经过火煅后能通利小便。）因此它能消除痰液、停止咳嗽、治疗肿胀。从前宋徽宗的宠妃患有此病，李防御从市场上找到百姓用的海蚌蛤粉，稍微加入一点青黛，用淡水和几滴麻油调匀服用而痊愈。这也是收敛肺气、清解热邪的意思，没有其他特殊的治疗作用。（以前滁州酒库的小吏陈通患水肿症，生命垂危，众医生无法医治。一位老妇人让他取十个大蒜捣成泥状，加入蛤粉制成丸药，饭前用白开水送服。服完后小便排出数桶，病就好了。）蚌肉味道咸冷，能解除酒后发热。文蛤背部有紫色斑纹，比这种蛤蜊的壳颜色稍深。性味和治疗主治大致相近，但这种药兼有利水、止渴、除烦的功效，并治疗血热引起的崩漏和带下病。总体上是取其寒咸之性以涤荡饮邪的意义罢了！（成无己说：文蛤的咸味走肾经以克制水气。如张仲景《伤寒论》中太阳病，用水劫迫导致烦躁加重，想喝水反而不觉得渴，以及《金匮要略》中口渴想喝水却不止，或者反胃呕吐后，想喝水且贪饮的情况，都用文蛤汤来治疗。）海蛤是海中腐烂的贝壳，混杂着沙泥，用火煅烧成粉，也属于利水消肿、止咳的药物。然而它总不像牡蛎那样功效专于收敛涩滞、固脱止遗、清解热邪。
酸味主收敛，所以收敛应当以酸味药为主。但如果仅仅以酸味为主，而不兼审阴阳虚实来进行治疗，也就不得当运用酸味药的方法了！所以酸收类的药物，种类很多，但大体上性寒而具收敛作用的，有白芍、牡蛎、粟壳、五倍子、百药煎、皂矾和白矾。其中有些收敛兼有涩滞固摄作用，而白芍则只主收敛而不涩滞。性温且具有涩滞收敛作用的，有五味子、木瓜、乌梅、诃子、赤石脂等药味。但五味子专门收敛肺气、归肾经、涩精固气；木瓜专门收敛肺气、醒脾；乌梅专门收敛气机、涩肠；诃子专门收脱止泻、清痰降火；赤石脂专门收脱止血。至于金樱子，虽然是涩精的重要药剂，但它仅有涩力，而补益作用极少。山茱萸温补肝肾，虽然用于收脱固气，但其收敛作用多于涩滞作用，不可不加区分地随意施用。
(Bangge) [Clam Shell] has the effects of resolving toxicity, transforming phlegm, stopping cough, and astringing cold.
Geli Fen (Clam Shell Powder) [Primarily enters the Kidney meridian, and also the Lung and Liver meridians]. It is made by grinding the shells of water clams found in the sea into powder. It differs from the freshwater clam shells found in rivers and lakes. Its efficacy is similar to that of Muli (Oyster Shell), but this substance only possesses the powers of astringency, softening hardness, and clearing heat. (Shizhen said: The cold nature controls fire, and the salty flavor descends and moistens; therefore, it can descend rebellious qi. The cold nature dissipates heat, and the salty flavor enters the blood; therefore, it can resolve masses. Hardness is softened by saltiness, taking advantage of its association with Water and its moistening nature. Dampness is dried by permeation, taking advantage of its transformation by fire to promote urination.) Thus, it can eliminate phlegm, stop coughing, and treat swelling. In the past, Emperor Huizong of Song's favored concubine suffered from this condition. Li Fangyu obtained clam shell powder from market vendors, added a small amount of Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis), and mixed it with fresh water and a few drops of sesame oil for oral administration, resulting in a cure. This also reflects the intent to astringe the Lung and clear heat, without other specific treatments. (Previously, Chen Tong, a clerk at the Chuzhou wine depot, suffered from severe edema and was near death. Physicians could not treat him. An old woman instructed him to crush ten garlic cloves into a paste, mix them with clam shell powder to form pills, and take them with warm water before meals. After finishing the dose, he urinated several buckets of fluid and recovered.) The meat is salty and cold, and resolves alcohol-induced heat. Wen Ge (Clam Shell) has purple mottled patterns on its back, and its shell is slightly darker than that of the common clam. Its nature, flavor, and therapeutic indications are quite similar, but this substance additionally promotes diuresis, relieves thirst, eliminates irritability, and treats bloody leukorrhea caused by blood heat. Generally, it relies on the meaning of using cold and salty properties to wash away retained fluids! (Cheng Wuji said: The saltiness of Wen Ge travels to the Kidney to overcome Qi of Water. For example, in Zhang Zhongjing's *Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases*, when Sunyang disease involves water retention causing increased irritability, where there is a desire to drink but no actual thirst, or in *Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Casket*, when there is incessant thirst, or after vomiting due to stomach rebellion, where there is a desire to drink greedily, Wen Ge Tang is used for treatment.) Haige (Sea Clam) consists of rotten shells from the sea, mixed with sand and mud, calcined into powder. It also belongs to the category of substances that promote diuresis, reduce swelling, and stop coughing. However, it does not resemble Muli (Oyster Shell), whose efficacy is specialized in astringency, consolidating collapse, and clearing heat.
Sour flavors govern astringency; therefore, astringent treatments should primarily rely on sour herbs. However, relying solely on sour flavors without simultaneously assessing Yin-Yang deficiency and excess fails to grasp the proper method of using sour substances! Therefore, among astringent herbs, there are many types. Broadly speaking, those with a cold nature and astringent properties include Baishao (White Peony Root), Muli (Oyster Shell), Suske (Poppy Capsule), Wubeizi (Chinese Gallnut), Baiyaojian (Plum Decoction), Zhaofan (Alum), and Baijian (White Alum). Among these, some possess both astringent and binding properties, whereas Baishao only governs astringency without binding. Those with a warm nature and astringent-binding properties include Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry), Mugua (Chaenomeles Fruit), Wumei (Mume Fruit), Hezi (Chebula Fruit), and Chishizhi (Red Kaolin). However, Wuweizi specifically astringes the Lung, returns to the Kidney, secures essence, and consolidates Qi; Mugua specifically astringes the Lung and awakens the Spleen; Wumei specifically astringes Qi and binds the Intestines; Hezi specifically arrests collapse, stops diarrhea, clears phlegm, and descends fire; Chishizhi specifically arrests collapse and stops bleeding. As for Jinyingzi (Cherokee Rose Hip), although it is an essential agent for securing essence, it possesses only binding power with very little tonifying property. Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit) warms and tonifies the Liver and Kidney. Although it is used for arresting collapse and consolidating Qi, its astringent action exceeds its binding action, so they cannot be applied indiscriminately without distinction.