（蔓草）除肺寒泄肠热杀虫止嗽
百部（专入肺）。甘苦微温。功专杀虫。能除一切蛊毒。及传尸骨蒸。树木蛀虫。疳积
疥癣。
（虫触烟即死。）然亦能治寒嗽及泄肺热。以其气味甘温故也。李时珍云。二冬亦属治嗽。
但
二冬性寒治热。此则气温治寒耳。百部虽云微温。而苦过于甘。于气总属有碍。似于虚人不
宜。（苦伤气。）不可不知。根多成百。故以百名。取肥实者。竹刀劈去心皮。酒浸焙用。
（柔滑）清心肺余热
百合（专入心肺）。甘淡微寒。功有利于肺心。而能敛气养心。安神定魄。（朱二允曰。
百合
之甘敛。胜于五味之酸收。）然究止属清邪除热利湿之品。因其气味稍缓。且于甘中有收。
故
于心肺最宜。而不致与血有碍耳。是以余热未靖。坐卧不安。咳嗽不已。（朱二允曰。久嗽
之人。肺气必虚。虚则宜敛。）涕泪不收。（涕泪系肝肺之邪。有寒有热。当察其因。不可概
作热治。但此专就余热言。经曰。肺为涕。肝为泪。心为汗。脾为涎。肾为唾。）胸浮气胀
。状有鬼神。用此治其余孽。收其残虏。安养抚恤。恩威不骤。故能安享无事。岂非宁神益
气之谓乎？仲景用此以治百合病症。义亦由此。但初嗽不宜遽用。花白者入药。
（石草）入脾除虚热入肾涩元气
石斛（专入脾肾）。生于石上。体瘦不肥。色黄如金。旁枝如钗。甘淡微苦咸平。故能
入脾而
除虚热。入肾而涩元气。及能坚筋骨。强腰膝。凡骨痿痹弱。囊湿精少。小便余沥者最宜。
以其本生于石。体坚质硬。故能补虚弱。强筋助骨也。但形瘦无汁。味淡难出。非经久熬。
气味莫泄。故止可入平剂。（或熬膏用之为良。）以治虚热。补性虽有。亦惟在人谅病轻重施
用可耳。取光润如金钗股。短中实者良。长而虚者名水斛。不堪入药。去头根。酒浸用。恶
巴豆。畏僵蚕。
百部（专入肺经）。味甘、苦，性微温。功效专门在于杀虫。能够清除各种蛊毒，以及传尸骨蒸劳热、树木蛀虫引起的病症、疳积、疥癣等。（虫子触到烟就会死。）然而它也能治疗寒性咳嗽及泄除肺热，这是因为它的气味甘温的缘故。李时珍说，天冬和麦冬也属于治疗咳嗽的药物。但天冬、麦冬性寒，用于治疗热证；而百部气温，用于治疗寒证。百部虽然说是微温，但苦味重于甘味，对于气机总体有所妨碍，似乎不适合虚人使用。（苦味会损伤正气。）这一点不可不知道。因为根部多成丛生长，所以得名“百部”。选取肥大坚实的根，用竹刀劈开去掉心部和外皮，用酒浸泡后焙干使用。
百合（专入心肺二经）。味甘、淡，性微寒。功效有利于肺和心，能够收敛气机、滋养心神、安定魂魄。（朱二允说：百合的甘缓收敛作用，胜过五味子的酸涩收敛。）然而究其本质，它仍属于清除邪热、利湿的药物。因为其气味比较缓和，且在甘味中带有收敛之性，所以对心肺最为适宜，而不会阻碍血液运行。因此，对于余热未清、坐卧不安、咳嗽不止的情况……（朱二允说：久咳的人，肺气必然虚弱，虚弱则宜于收敛。）涕泪不收。（涕和泪是肝肺的邪气表现，有寒有热，应当考察其原因，不能一概当作热证治疗。这里专门指余热而言。《内经》说：肺主涕，肝主泪，心主汗，脾主涎，肾主唾。）胸部浮胀气闷，症状怪异仿佛见鬼神，用百合来治疗这些残余病邪，收服残敌，通过安抚慰问、恩威并施且不过于急躁的方式，从而能安宁无事，这难道不是宁神益气的含义吗？张仲景用百合来治疗百合病，道理也由此而来。但初起咳嗽不宜立即使用。选用白色的花入药。
石斛（专入脾肾二经）。生长在石头上。形体瘦小不肥壮，颜色黄如金，旁枝像发钗一样。味甘、淡、微苦、咸，性平。所以能入脾经而清除虚热，入肾经而固涩元气。并且能坚固筋骨，强壮腰膝。凡是骨痿痹弱、阴囊潮湿、精液稀少、小便余沥不尽者最适合使用。因为它本来生长在石头上，体质坚硬质硬，所以能补虚弱、强筋助骨。但是形体瘦小无汁液，味道淡薄难以煎出，如果不经过长时间熬煮，气味无法释放出来。所以只可加入平和的药剂中。（或者熬制成膏剂使用效果良好。）用来治疗虚热。虽然具有补益性质，但也只能根据病情轻重酌情使用罢了。选取光亮润泽如金钗股、短而坚实者为佳。长而空虚的称为水斛，不堪入药。去掉头根，用酒浸泡后使用。与巴豆相恶，畏惧僵蚕。
(Monster Grass Category) Eliminates lung cold, drains intestinal heat, kills parasites, and stops coughing.
Stemona Root (Bai Bu) (Specifically enters the Lung Meridian). Sweet, slightly bitter, and mildly warm in nature. Its efficacy is specifically focused on killing parasites. It can eliminate various types of gu poison, as well as "chuan shi" (tuberculosis-like wasting disease), bone-steaming fever, infestations by tree-boring insects, childhood malnutrition syndrome (gan ji), scabies, and tinea. (Insects die upon contact with smoke.) However, it can also treat cold-type coughs and drain lung heat, due to its sweet and warm flavor and nature. Li Shizhen stated that Tian Dong (Asparagus Root) and Mai Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber) also belong to herbs treating coughs. But Tian Dong and Mai Dong are cold in nature and treat heat syndromes; whereas Bai Bu is warm in nature and treats cold syndromes. Although Bai Bu is described as mildly warm, its bitter quality outweighs its sweetness, which generally hinders qi movement, making it seemingly unsuitable for patients with deficiency. (Bitter flavors damage qi.) This point must not be overlooked. Because the roots grow in clusters, it is named "Hundred Parts." Select plump and solid roots, split them open with a bamboo knife to remove the core and skin, soak them in wine, and bake them for use.
(Smooth Category) Clears residual heat from the Heart and Lungs.
Lily Bulb (Bai He) (Specifically enters the Heart and Lung Meridians). Sweet, bland, and mildly cold in nature. Its efficacy benefits the lungs and heart, capable of consolidating qi, nourishing the heart spirit, and calming the soul. (Zhu Eryun said: The sweet consolidation of Bai He surpasses the sour astringency of Wu Wei Zi.) However, essentially, it remains an herb that clears pathogenic heat and promotes dampness drainage. Because its flavor and nature are relatively mild, and it possesses astringent properties within its sweetness, it is most suitable for the heart and lungs without hindering blood circulation. Therefore, for conditions where residual heat has not settled, causing restlessness in sitting or lying, and persistent coughing... (Zhu Eryun said: In cases of chronic cough, lung qi is inevitably deficient; when deficient, consolidation is appropriate.) Inability to control nasal discharge and tears. (Nasal discharge and tears are manifestations of pathogens in the Liver and Lungs; they can be cold or hot, and their causes should be examined rather than universally treated as heat. Here, it refers specifically to residual heat. The Classic states: The Lung governs nasal discharge, the Liver governs tears, the Heart governs sweat, the Spleen governs saliva, and the Kidney governs spit.) Chest distension with floating qi, symptoms appearing bizarre as if seeing ghosts. Using this herb to treat these residual pathogens, subduing the remnants, through soothing and comforting, combining grace and authority without being abrupt, thus achieving peace and safety. Is this not the meaning of calming the spirit and benefiting qi? Zhang Zhongjing used this herb to treat Bai He Disease (Lily Disease), and the rationale derives from this principle. However, it should not be used immediately for initial-stage coughs. White flowers are selected for medicinal use.
(Stone Herb Category) Enters the Spleen to clear deficiency heat and enters the Kidney to secure primordial qi.
Dendrobium Stem (Shi Hu) (Specifically enters the Spleen and Kidney Meridians). Grows on rocks. The body is slender and not plump, yellow in color like gold, with lateral branches resembling hairpins. Sweet, bland, slightly bitter, salty, and neutral in nature. Thus, it can enter the Spleen to clear deficiency heat and enter the Kidney to secure primordial qi. It also strengthens bones and tendons, and fortifies the waist and knees. It is most suitable for conditions such as bone atrophy and bi-syndrome weakness, damp scrotum, scanty essence, and dribbling urine after voiding. Because it naturally grows on rocks, its texture is hard and firm, thus enabling it to tonify deficiency, strengthen sinews, and assist bones. However, because it is slender without juice and its taste is bland, difficult to extract, unless boiled for a long time, its flavor and nature will not be released. Therefore, it is only suitable for inclusion in mild formulas. (Or boiling it into a paste is effective.) Used to treat deficiency heat. Although it has tonifying properties, usage should be adjusted according to the severity of the illness. Select those that are smooth, lustrous like gold hairpin shafts, short, and solid as good quality. Long and hollow ones are called "Shui Hu" (Water Dendrobium) and are unsuitable for medicinal use. Remove the root tips and soak in wine before use. It is antagonistic to Croton Seed (Ba Dou) and fears Silkworm (Jiang Can).