（山果）生痰助气解热
橘穣（专入肺胃）。与皮。共属一物。而性悬殊。橘皮味辛而苦。而橘穣则变味甘而酸
也。皮
有散痰开痰理气之功。而穣则更助痰作饮。及有滞气之害也。（进贤县胥简章之女秀英。忽
气喘促至极。眼翻手握。已有莫主之势。绣诊其脉。右关浮滑而弦。知有痰气与寒内结。
姑以老姜取汁先投。不超时而胸即开。气即平。后询其故。知食橘穣起也。）至书有言能治
消渴开胃。并除胸中膈气。此为内热亢极。胃气不寒者而言。若使水亏脾弱。发为咳嗽。而
日用此恣啖。保无生痰助气之弊乎？今之虚痨好食此物。类多受害。人特习而不察耳。但用
蜜煎作果佳。
（水果）生止胃渴熟滞肠胃
菱角（专入肠胃）。种类虽多。（汪昂曰。有三角四角老嫩之殊。武陵记曰。三角四角者
为菱
。两角者为 。 花随月而转。）气滞则一。即书有言安中消水。止渴解酒。疗疟治痢。及
有红泻白补。生降熟升之说。然亦止供食品。而于治疗则无。且于过食则有腹满填胀。损阳
痿茎之虞。必取麝香生姜吴茱萸作汤。及或沉香磨汁以导。是亦味甘性寒。助湿增滞之一证
也乎？性平之说。似不足信。
（芝杨）益胃进食
香蕈（专入胃）。食中佳品。凡菇禀土热毒。惟香蕈味甘性平。大能益胃助食。及理小
便不禁
。盖此本于桑楮诸木所出。得受桑楮余泽而成也。（有种出于深山烂枫木上。小于菌而薄。
黄黑色。味甚香美。）然此性极滞濡。中虚服之有益。中寒与滞食之不无滋害。取冬产肉浓
细如钱大者良。
橘瓤（专门入肺经和胃经）。与橘皮同属一物，但药性截然不同。橘皮味道辛而苦，具有散痰、开郁、理气的作用；而橘瓤则味道变为甘而酸，反而更会助长痰湿、形成饮邪，并有导致气机阻滞的危害。（进贤县胥简章的女儿秀英，忽然气喘急促到了极点，眼睛上翻，双手紧握，已有无法自主的危重态势。黄宫绣诊察她的脉象，右关部脉浮滑且弦，判断是痰气与寒邪在内结聚。暂且用老姜取汁先给她服用，不到一个时辰，胸中痞闷即开，气息即平。后来询问原因，才知道是因为吃了橘瓤引起的。）至于书中说它能治疗消渴、开胃，并消除胸中的膈间气滞，这是针对内热亢盛至极、胃气不寒的情况而言的。如果是阴液亏虚、脾气虚弱，引发咳嗽的人，如果日常随意大量食用，怎能避免生痰助气的弊端呢？现在的虚劳病患者喜欢吃这种食物，大多因此受害，人们只是习以为常而没有察觉罢了。但如果用蜂蜜煎制作为果品食用，则是好的。
菱角（专门入肠经和胃经）。种类虽然很多。（汪昂说：有三角、四角以及老嫩的区别。《武陵记》说：三角、四角的是菱，两角的是芡实。花朵随月亮盈亏而转动。）其导致气机阻滞的性质是一样的。即使书中说有安中、消水、止渴、解酒、治疗疟疾和痢疾的功效，以及红菱泻、白菱补，生食降逆、熟食升提的说法，但也仅仅只能作为食品，在治疗疾病方面并无大用。而且如果过量食用，会有腹部胀满填塞、损伤阳气、导致阴茎痿软的忧虑。必须用麝香、生姜、吴茱萸煮汤，或者磨沉香汁来疏导，这也是因为它味甘性寒，容易助湿增加气滞的证据吗？说它性平的说法，似乎不足以相信。
（芝类/菌类）益胃进食
香蕈（专门入胃经）。是饮食中的佳品。凡是蘑菇都禀受土中的热毒，只有香蕈味甘性平，大大能够益胃助食，以及调理小便不禁的症状。大概这是因为它们生长在桑树、楮树等树木上，接受了桑楮树的余泽而形成的。（有一种生长在深山腐烂的枫木上，比菌类小而且薄，呈黄黑色，味道非常香美。）然而它的性质极其黏滞濡润，中气虚弱的人服用有益，但中焦虚寒或有食积停滞的人服用，无不增添危害。选取冬季产出、肉质浓密细嫩如铜钱大小的为良。
(Mountain Fruit) Generates Phlegm, Assists Qi, Resolves Heat
Juice Pulp of Citrus reticulata (specifically enters the Lung and Stomach meridians). Although it belongs to the same plant as the peel, its nature is drastically different. The peel tastes pungent and bitter, possessing the functions of dispersing phlegm, opening stagnation, and regulating Qi; whereas the pulp changes to a sweet and sour taste, thereby more likely to assist in generating phlegm and forming fluid retention, and causing harm by obstructing Qi movement. (The daughter of Xu Jianzhang from Jinxian County, Xiuying, suddenly suffered from extreme shortness of breath, eyes rolling back, and hands clenched, showing signs of losing control. Huang Gongxiu diagnosed her pulse: the right Guan position was floating, slippery, and wiry, indicating an internal knotting of Phlegm-Qi and Cold. He tentatively administered juice extracted from old ginger first. Within no time, the chest oppression opened, and breathing normalized. Later inquiry revealed the cause was eating the citrus pulp.) As for books stating it can treat Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst syndrome), open the appetite, and remove Diaphragmatic Qi stagnation, this applies only to cases where internal heat is extremely hyperactive and Stomach Qi is not cold. If one has Yin deficiency and weak Spleen, leading to cough, and consumes this indiscriminately daily, how can one avoid the drawback of generating phlegm and assisting Qi? Nowadays, patients with Deficiency Consumption who like to eat this food mostly suffer harm; people are simply accustomed to it without noticing. However, if prepared with honey as a fruit preserve, it is beneficial.
(Fruit) Raw stops Stomach thirst, Cooked causes intestinal stagnation
Trapa natans (specifically enters the Intestine and Stomach meridians). Although there are many varieties. (Wang Ang said: There are differences in shape (three-cornered or four-cornered) and maturity (old or tender). *Wuling Ji* states: Three-cornered and four-cornered ones are Trapa, while two-cornered ones are Euryale ferox. The flowers turn following the moon's phases.) Their tendency to cause Qi stagnation is identical. Even if books mention benefits such as calming the middle, resolving water retention, stopping thirst, resolving alcohol intoxication, treating malaria and dysentery, as well as theories that red varieties purgative and white varieties tonify, raw lowers and cooked raises, these merely serve as food items and have little therapeutic value. Moreover, excessive consumption carries the risk of abdominal fullness and distension, damaging Yang Qi, and causing penile flaccidity. One must use decoctions of Moschus, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, and Evodiae Fructus, or grind Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum into juice to guide out the stagnation. This serves as evidence that it is sweet in taste and cold in nature, aiding dampness and increasing stagnation. The claim that its nature is neutral seems unreliable.
(Fungi) Benefits Stomach, Promotes Appetite
Lentinula edodes (specifically enters the Stomach meridian). An excellent delicacy among foods. Generally, mushrooms inherit the heat toxins of the earth; only Lentinula edodes is sweet in taste and neutral in nature, greatly benefiting the Stomach, aiding digestion, and regulating urinary incontinence. This is because they grow on mulberry and paper mulberry trees, deriving their essence from the residual moisture of these trees. (Some grow on rotten maple wood in deep mountains, smaller and thinner than common mushrooms, yellowish-black in color, with a very fragrant and delicious taste.) However, its nature is extremely cloying and sticky. It is beneficial for those with Middle Jiao deficiency, but for those with Middle Jiao Cold or food stagnation, it inevitably adds to the harm. The best quality is selected from winter harvests, with thick, fine flesh resembling the size of a coin.