收者。收其外散之意。涩者。涩其下脱之义。如发汗过多。汗当收矣！虚寒上浮。阳当
收矣
！久嗽亡津。津当收矣！此皆收也。泄痢不止。泄当固矣。小便自遗。遗当固矣！精滑不禁
。精当固矣！固即涩也。十剂篇云。涩可去脱。牡蛎龙骨之属是也。凡人气血有损。或上升
而浮。下泄而脱。非不收敛涩固。无以收其亡脱之势。第人病有不同。治有各异。阳旺者阴
必竭。故脱多在于阴。阴盛者阳必衰。故脱多在于阳。阳病多燥。其药当用以寒。阴病多寒
。其药当用以温。此定理耳。又按温以治寒。涩以固脱。理虽不易。然亦须分脏腑以治。如
莲子肉豆蔻是治脾胃虚脱之药也。故泄泻不止者最宜。莲须是通心交肾之药也。为心火摇动
精脱
不固者最佳。补骨脂 葡萄阿芙蓉没石子沉香芡实石钟乳胡桃肉灵砂是固肾气之药也。为
精滑肾泄者最妙。但补骨脂则兼治肾泄泻。葡萄则兼起阳稀痘。阿芙蓉则专固涩收脱。没石
子沉香则专降气归肾。芡实则兼脾湿并理。石钟乳则兼水道皆利。胡桃肉则兼肠肺俱润。灵
砂则合水火并降也。他如菟丝覆盆。性虽不涩。而气温能固。木瓜酸中带涩。醒脾收肺有功
。乌梅敛肺涩肠。诃子收脱止泻。清痰降火。赤石脂固血久脱。治虽不一。然要皆属温涩固
脱药耳。惟有禹余粮柿蒂性属涩平。与于体寒滑脱之症。微有不投。所当分别异视。
收，是指收敛外散之气的意思。涩，是指固涩下脱之症的含义。例如发汗过多，汗液应当被收敛；虚寒上浮，阳气应当被收敛；久咳导致津液耗伤，津液应当被收敛；这些都属于“收”的范畴。泄泻痢疾不止，泄利应当被固摄；小便失禁，遗尿应当被固摄；精关不固滑泄，精气应当被固摄；所谓“固”，也就是“涩”的意思。《十剂篇》中说：“涩可去脱”，指的就是牡蛎、龙骨这类药物。大凡人体气血受损，或者气机上浮，或者下泄脱失，如果不使用收敛固涩的药物，就无法挽回这种亡脱的趋势。然而人的病情各不相同，治疗方法也各异。阳气旺盛的人，阴气必然枯竭，所以脱证多发生在阴分；阴气盛的人，阳气必然衰微，所以脱证多发生在阳分。阳病多表现为燥，治疗用药应当用寒凉药；阴病多表现为寒，治疗用药应当用温热药。这是基本的定论。另外，按温法以治寒证，用涩法以固脱证，道理虽然不变，但也必须区分脏腑来治疗。例如莲子肉、豆蔻是治疗脾胃虚脱的药物，所以对于泄泻不止者最为适宜。莲须是沟通心肾的药物，对于心火扰动导致的精关不固者效果最佳。补骨脂、葡萄、阿芙蓉、没石子、沉香、芡实、石钟乳、胡桃肉、灵砂是固补肾气的药物，对于精滑、肾虚泄泻者最为巧妙。其中补骨脂兼治肾虚泄泻；葡萄兼能起阳、促进痘疹透发；阿芙蓉专于固涩、收敛亡脱；没石子、沉香专于降气、引气归肾；芡实则兼治脾湿并调理脾胃；石钟乳兼通利水道；胡桃肉兼润肠润肺；灵砂则水火既济、上下同降。其他如菟丝子、覆盆子，性质虽不涩，但气温能固摄；木瓜酸中带涩，对醒脾、收敛肺气有功；乌梅收敛肺气、涩肠止泻；诃子收敛亡脱、止泻、清痰降火；赤石脂固摄血液、治疗久脱之症。治疗方法虽不一致，但大体上都属于温涩固脱类药物。只有禹余粮、柿蒂性质属涩而平，适用于体寒滑脱之症，与其他药物略有不同，应当区别对待。
Shou (Convergence) refers to the meaning of gathering dispersed external Qi. Se (Astringency) refers to the significance of securing downward slipping or loss. For instance, when sweating is excessive, sweat should be converged; when deficiency-cold floats upward, Yang Qi should be converged; when prolonged coughing depletes body fluids, Jin-Ye (Body Fluids) should be converged; these all belong to "Shou" (Convergence). When diarrhea and dysentery persist, leakage should be secured; when urinary incontinence occurs, involuntary urination should be secured; when seminal emission is uncontrollable, essence should be secured; "Gu" (Securing) is essentially "Se" (Astringency). The *Ten Formulas* chapter states: "Astringents can treat slipping/loss," referring to herbs such as Muli (Oyster Shell) and Longgu (Dragon Bone). Generally, when human Qi and Blood are damaged, whether floating upward or slipping downward, without convergence and astringency, it is impossible to arrest the trend of collapse and loss. However, diseases differ among individuals, and treatments vary accordingly. When Yang is vigorous, Yin must be exhausted; thus, slipping syndromes often occur in Yin. When Yin is abundant, Yang must decline; thus, slipping syndromes often occur in Yang. Yang diseases tend toward dryness, so medicinal properties used should be cold. Yin diseases tend toward cold, so medicinal properties used should be warm. This is a fundamental principle. Furthermore, applying warmth to treat cold, and using astringency to secure loss, although the principles remain unchanged, one must distinguish by Zang-Fu organs for treatment. For example, Lian Zi Rou (Lotus Seed Cotyledon) and Dou Kou (Cardamom Fruit) are herbs treating Spleen-Stomach deficiency and slipping; therefore, they are most suitable for persistent diarrhea. Lian Xu (Lotus Plumule) is an herb connecting Heart and Kidney, making it best for cases where Heart Fire agitation causes insecure seminal emission. Bu Gu Zhi (Psoralea Fruit), Pu Tao (Grape), A Fu Luo (Opium), Mei Shi Zi (Myrobalan Nut), Chen Xiang (Agarwood), Qian Shi (Euryale Seed), Shi Zhong Ru (Stalactite), Hu Tao Rou (Walnut Kernel), and Ling Sha (Cinnabar and Sal Ammoniac Mixture) are herbs that secure Kidney Qi, making them excellent for seminal slip and Kidney deficiency diarrhea. Specifically, Bu Gu Zhi also treats Kidney deficiency diarrhea; Pu Tao also promotes Yang and aids in acne eruption; A Fu Luo specializes in astringency and converging collapse; Mei Shi Zi and Chen Xiang specialize in descending Qi and guiding it back to the Kidney; Qian Shi also treats Spleen dampness and regulates digestion; Shi Zhong Ru also benefits water passages; Hu Tao Rou also moistens intestines and lungs; Ling Sha harmonizes Water and Fire, descending both. Others include Tu Si Zi (Dodder Seed) and Fu Pen Zi (Raspberry); although their nature is not astringent, their warm temperature allows for securing. Mu Gua (Chaenomeles Fruit) is sour with astringency, contributing to awakening the Spleen and converging Lung Qi. Wu Mei (Mume Fruit) converges Lung Qi and astringes intestines to stop diarrhea. He Zi (Chebula Fruit) secures collapse, stops diarrhea, clears phlegm, and descends fire. Chi Shi Zhi (Red Halloysite) secures blood and treats chronic loss. Although treatments vary, they all essentially belong to Warm-Astringent herbs for securing loss. Only Yu Yi Liang (Limonite) and Shi Di (Persimmon Calyx) have a property that is astringent and neutral, applicable to symptoms of cold-body slipping loss, differing slightly from others, and thus requiring distinct consideration.