（鱼）利肺水开胃气
白鱼（专入肺胃。兼入肝）。味甘气平。形窄腹扁鳞细。头尾向上。肉有细刺。（武王白
鱼入
舟。即此。）功专入肺利水。开胃下气。故金匮治淋。每用白鱼同滑石以投。名曰滑石白鱼
散
。取其长以治水。兼助乱发以破血。血气通调而淋涩止矣。但此性亦滑利。故同枣食脾肾受
泄。必致腰有痛楚。脾胃过食不温。必致饱胀不快。惟有炙食差可。乃或腌或糟。以为食耳
。至书有言补肝明目。调五脏。理十二经络者。时珍亦谓此属溢美之辞。未足深信。当以开
宝之注为正。
（鱼）利水除香港脚目昏
青鱼（专入肝。兼入脾）。味甘性平。色青。（颂曰。状似鲩而背青。）故书载能入肝通
气。入
脾利水。凡人因于湿热下注。而见香港脚疼肿。湿热上蒸。而见眼目不明。皆当用此调治。以
此好啖蚬螺。蚬螺则能利水。故此亦能利水以除香港脚目昏之病也。（服术人忌之。）然治香港脚
服此。必须兼以韭白同投。则内始有温和之力矣！所当合参。 味与服石人相反。（不可合
生胡荽生葵菜豆藿麦酱同食。）头中枕骨。状如琥珀。磨水可治心腹卒痛。亦可作篦作饮器
。解蛊。眼睛汁治注目能夜视。胆另详于凉血部内。所当合参。
（鱼）暖中益气
鲨鱼（专入脾胃）。即南方溪涧中之小鱼。非海中鲨鱼也。海中鲨鱼。本名鲛鱼。溪涧
沙。
因居沙沟。吹沙而游。咂沙而食。故以沙名。味甘气平无毒。究其主治。止曰暖中益气。因
其味甘性平而然。服之可使中气温和。无有亏损。非云中气虚极。必得此鱼以作治疗也。
白鱼（主要入肺经和胃经，兼入肝经）。味道甘甜，性质平和。体型窄长，腹部扁平，鳞片细小，头尾向上翘起，肉质中含有细小的刺。（周武王伐纣时白鱼跃入舟中，指的就是这种鱼。）其功效专于入肺经以通利水道，开胃气以降逆气。因此，《金匮要略》治疗淋证（小便频数短涩、滴沥刺痛、欲出未尽、小腹拘急或痛引腰腹的病证）时，常将白鱼与滑石配合使用，方名叫做“滑石白鱼散”。取其善于治疗水湿之邪的功效，并辅助乱发炭（血余炭）以破除瘀血，使气血通畅调和，淋证的涩痛症状即可停止。但是，此药性也属于滑利之品，所以如果与枣子一起食用，会导致脾肾受泄泻之苦，必然引起腰部疼痛；脾胃过量食用且不温者，必然导致饱胀不适。只有经过炙烤食用较为适宜，或者腌制、糟醉后作为食物罢了。至于书中说它能补肝明目、调理五脏、疏通十二经络的说法，李时珍也认为这是溢美之辞，不足以深信不疑。应当以《开宝本草》的注释为正确标准。
（鱼类）具有利水、消除香港脚（足部肿胀疼痛）、改善目昏的作用
青鱼（主要入肝经，兼入脾经）。味道甘甜，性质平和，颜色呈青色。（苏颂说：形状像鲩鱼但背部呈青色。）因此书籍记载它能入肝经以通调气机，入脾经以利水湿。凡是人体因湿热下注，而出现香港脚疼痛肿胀的症状，以及湿热上蒸，而导致眼睛视物不明的情形，都应当用此鱼来调理治疗。因为青鱼喜好吞食蚬螺，而蚬螺本身具有利水的作用，所以青鱼也能通过利水来消除香港脚和目昏的疾病。（服用术类药材的人忌食此鱼。）然而治疗香港脚服用此鱼时，必须同时配合韭白（葱白）一起投服，这样体内才会有温和的力量！这一点应当综合参考。其味性与服用石药（矿物类药物）的人相反。（不可与生胡荽、生葵菜、豆藿、麦酱等一同食用。）青鱼头部枕骨处的骨头，形状像琥珀，磨成水可以治疗心腹部的突发剧痛。也可以制作成梳子或饮水器具。能解蛊毒。眼睛周围的汁液涂抹眼睛能使人夜间视物清晰。胆另行详述于凉血部内。这一点应当综合参考。
鲨鱼（主要入脾经和胃经）。指的是南方溪涧中的小鱼，并不是海洋中的鲨鱼。海洋中的鲨鱼，本名叫鲛鱼。溪涧中的沙鱼，因为居住在沙沟里，吹动沙子游动，吸食沙子进食，所以以“沙”命名。味道甘甜，性质平和，无毒。探究它的主要主治功能，只说是温暖中焦、益气，这是因为它味道甘甜、性质平和的缘故。服用它可以使中焦之气温和，没有亏损，并不是说中气虚损到了极点，就必须依靠这种鱼来进行治疗。
(Fish) Benefits lung water and opens stomach qi
Baiyu (White Fish) (Primarily enters the Lung and Stomach meridians, also enters the Liver meridian). Its taste is sweet and its nature is neutral. It has a narrow body, flat abdomen, fine scales, and its head and tail point upward. The flesh contains fine spines. (The white fish leaping into the boat during King Wu of Zhou's campaign refers to this species.) Its efficacy is primarily directed at the Lung meridian to promote diuresis, open the stomach, and direct rebellious Qi downward. Therefore, in *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet), Baiyu is often used together with Huashi (Talcum) to treat Lin syndrome (dysuria), forming the formula Huashi Baiyu San (Talcum and White Fish Powder). This utilizes its ability to manage water-dampness and assists Luanfa (Hair Charcoal) to break blood stasis. Once Qi and Blood are unblocked and regulated, the dysuria ceases. However, since its nature is also slippery and draining, consuming it with dates may cause diarrhea due to cold affecting the Spleen and Kidney, inevitably leading to lower back pain. Overconsumption by the Spleen and Stomach, lacking warmth, will inevitably lead to fullness and discomfort. Roasting is the most suitable method of preparation; alternatively, it may be pickled or preserved in wine lees for consumption. As for claims in texts that it tonifies the Liver, brightens the eyes, regulates the Five Zang organs, and unblocks the Twelve Meridians, Li Shizhen considered these as exaggerated praises not worthy of deep belief. The annotation in *Kaibao Bencao* (Kaibao Materia Medica) should be regarded as correct.
(Fish) Promotes diuresis, eliminates Hongjiaojiao (Gouty Arthritis/Feet Swelling) and blurring of vision
Qingyu (Black Carp) (Primarily enters the Liver meridian, also enters the Spleen meridian). Its taste is sweet and its nature is neutral, with a green color. (Su Song stated: It resembles the Grass Carp but has a green back.) Therefore, medical texts record that it can enter the Liver meridian to circulate Qi and enter the Spleen meridian to promote diuresis. Whenever people suffer from damp-heat pouring downward, resulting in Hongjiaojiao (swelling and pain in the feet/legs), or damp-heat steaming upward, resulting in blurred vision, this fish should be used for treatment. Because Qingyu feeds on clams and snails, which themselves promote diuresis, Qingyu can also promote diuresis to eliminate diseases such as Hongjiaojiao and blurred vision. (Those taking Zhushu [Atractylodis Rhizoma] should avoid it.) However, when treating Hongjiaojiao with this fish, it must be administered together with Jiubai (the white part of Chinese chives) to provide gentle warming power internally. This point should be considered comprehensively. Its flavor is contrary to that of those taking Shi Yao (Mineral drugs). (It should not be eaten with raw Coriandrum sativum, raw Malva verticillata, legume leaves, wheat sauce, etc.) The occipital bone in its head resembles amber; ground into water, it can treat sudden heart and abdominal pain. It can also be made into combs or drinking vessels. It resolves Gu poison (worm poisoning). The juice from its eyes, when applied to the eyes, enables night vision. The gallbladder is detailed separately in the section on Cooling Blood. This should be considered comprehensively.
(Fish) Warms the Middle Jiao and benefits Yuan Qi
Shayu (Sand Shark/Sand Eel) (Primarily enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians). This refers to small fish in southern streams and creeks, not the shark found in the sea. The shark in the sea is originally called Jiaoyu (Shark). The sand fish in the streams lives in sandy ditches, swims by blowing sand, and eats by sucking up sand, hence the name "Sha" (Sand). Its taste is sweet, its nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. Investigating its main therapeutic effects, it is only said to warm the Middle Jiao and benefit Qi, which is due to its sweet taste and neutral nature. Consuming it can make the Qi of the Middle Jiao mild and harmonious without causing deficiency. It does not imply that for extreme deficiency of Middle Qi, one must rely on this fish for treatment.