（荤辛）治肠胃邪气
胡萝卜（专入肺。兼入脾）。始于元时胡地而至。形似萝卜。故以是名。按书所列主治。
正是
宽中下气。及散肠胃邪气数种。他则无有论及。盖因味辛则散。味甘则和。质重则降。萝卜
甘辛微温。其质又重。故能宽中下气。而使肠胃之邪与之俱去也。但书有言补中健食。非是
中虚得此则补。中虚不食得此则健。实因邪去而中受其补益之谓耳！蒿不可食。子可以作食
料。
（荤辛）开肺胃痰气闭塞
芥菜（专入肺胃。兼入肾）。一食品耳。何书载能通肺开胃。利气豁痰。又载久食则人
真气有
亏。眼目昏暗。并或发人疮痔。是明指其于目有害。而书又有言能明目。其故何居。盖缘芥
性辛热。凡因阴湿内壅。而见痰气闭塞者。服此痰无不除。气无不通。故能使耳益聪。而目
益明也！若使脏素不寒。止因一时偶受寒湿。而气不得宣通。初服得此稍快。久则积温成热
。其目愈觉不明。而诸痔疮疡。靡不因是而至矣。素问云。辛走气。气病无多食辛。食则肉
胝而唇蹇。此之谓欤！如其平素热盛。竟无湿闭寒闭等症。其菜不必多服。但此一入人口。
而
凡燥热等症。无不因是即形。又奚止便血发痔害目而已哉？（诜曰。煮食动气与风。生食发
丹石毒。宁源曰。有疮疡痔疾便血者。忌之。孙思邈曰。同兔肉食成恶邪。同鲫鱼食发水肿
。
）至于食芥而泪即堕。是亦泪为肝液。木受辛克而液不克胜耳。（陆佃云。望梅生津。食芥
堕
泪。五液之自外至也。慕而垂涎。愧而汗出。五液之自内生也。）无他义也。用此当细审辨
可耳。故宁以多食为戒。芥子义详温散部内。所当合参。
（气味荤辛）治疗肠胃中的邪气。
胡萝卜（主要入肺经，兼入脾经）。起源于元代从胡地传入。形状像萝卜，因此得名。查阅书籍所列的主治功效，正是宽中下气，以及消散肠胃邪气等几种作用，其他方面没有论及。大概因为味辛则能发散，味甘则能调和，质地重浊则能降逆。萝卜味甘、辛，性微温，其质地又重，所以能够宽中下气，使肠胃的邪气随之而去。但是书中有说“补中健食”，这并非指中焦虚弱的人吃了它能直接补益，也不是指中焦虚弱不想吃东西的人吃了它能直接健脾，实际上是因为邪气去除后，中焦受到了补益的效果罢了！蒿菜不可食用，其种子可以作食物调料。
（气味荤辛）开通肺胃痰气闭塞。
芥菜（主要入肺、胃经，兼入肾经）。只是一种食品而已，什么书记载它能通利肺气、开胃，行气豁痰？又记载长期食用会导致人体真气亏损，眼睛昏暗，并且有时诱发疮疡痔疮。这是明确指向它对眼睛有害，但书中又有说法称它能明目，这是什么缘故呢？大概因为芥菜性味辛热，凡是因阴湿内蕴壅滞，导致痰气闭塞的患者，服用此菜后痰无不消除，气无不通畅，所以能使耳朵更灵敏，眼睛更明亮！如果脏腑原本不寒，只是暂时偶然受寒湿侵袭，导致气机不得宣通，初服此菜感觉稍快意，但久服则积温成热，眼睛反而越发不明亮，各种痔疮疮疡，也无不因此而来。《素问》说：“辛味走气，气病不要多吃辛味食物。吃了就会肌肉厚硬如茧，嘴唇卷缩。”说的就是这个道理吧！如果平时体内热盛，根本没有湿闭、寒闭等症状，这种菜就不必多吃。但只要一入口，凡是燥热等病症，无不因此立即形成，又何止是便血、发痔、害目这些危害呢！（孟诜说：煮着吃会动气生风，生吃会引发丹石毒。宁源说：有疮疡、痔疮、便血的人，忌食。孙思邈说：与兔肉同食会形成恶邪，与鲫鱼同食会引发水肿。）至于吃芥菜眼泪就掉下来，这也是因为泪为肝之液，肝木受到辛味的克制，而津液不能胜受所致。（陆佃说：望梅生津，吃芥菜堕泪，这是五液从外部引发的；羡慕而流口水，羞愧而出汗，这是五液从内部产生的。）没有其他深意。使用此物应当仔细审辨即可。所以宁可告诫人们多食为戒。芥子的详细论述在温散部内，应当合参。
(Taste and Nature: Pungent and Spicy) Treats pathogenic factors in the intestines and stomach.
Daucus carota (Carrot) (Primarily enters the Lung Meridian, concurrently enters the Spleen Meridian). Originated during the Yuan Dynasty from Hu lands. Its shape resembles that of a radish, hence the name. According to the indications listed in books, its therapeutic effects are precisely to broaden the middle and direct Qi downward, as well as to dissipate pathogenic factors in the intestines and stomach. No other effects are discussed. This is likely because pungency disperses, sweetness harmonizes, and heavy texture descends. Radish is sweet and pungent, slightly warm in nature, and possesses a heavy texture; thus, it can broaden the middle and direct Qi downward, causing pathogenic factors in the intestines and stomach to depart together with it. However, books mention "tonifying the middle and strengthening digestion." This does not mean that those with deficiency of the middle jiao receive direct tonification from it, nor that those with poor appetite due to middle jiao deficiency receive direct strengthening. Rather, it implies that after pathogenic factors are eliminated, the middle jiao benefits indirectly! Mugwort should not be eaten, but its seeds can be used as food seasoning.
(Taste and Nature: Pungent and Spicy) Opens blockage of phlegm-Qi in the Lungs and Stomach.
Brassica juncea (Chinese Mustard) (Primarily enters the Lung and Stomach meridians, concurrently enters the Kidney meridian). It is merely a food item. Why do some books record that it can unblock Lung Qi, open the stomach, move Qi, and resolve phlegm? And why do they also state that long-term consumption leads to depletion of true Qi, dimness of vision, and sometimes induces sores and hemorrhoids? This clearly points to its harm to the eyes, yet other texts claim it can brighten vision. What is the reason for this? It is likely because mustard has a pungent and hot nature. For cases where Yin-dampness internally obstructs, leading to blockage of phlegm and Qi, taking this vegetable ensures that phlegm is eliminated and Qi flows freely. Thus, it can make hearing more acute and vision clearer! If the viscera are not inherently cold, but only temporarily affected by cold-dampness, preventing the free circulation of Qi, initial consumption may bring slight relief. However, prolonged use accumulates warmth into heat, making vision increasingly unclear, and various hemorrhoids and sores inevitably arise. The *Suwen* states: "Pungency moves Qi; in Qi disorders, one should not consume much pungent food. Doing so results in thickened skin like calluses and retracted lips." Is this what is meant? If one normally suffers from excess heat, without symptoms of damp-blockage or cold-blockage, this vegetable should not be consumed in large amounts. Once ingested, any dry-heat conditions will inevitably manifest immediately. How could it be limited to just hematochezia, hemorrhoids, and eye damage? (Meng Shen said: Boiled consumption moves Qi and generates wind; raw consumption triggers Dan-stone toxicity. Ning Yuan said: Those with sores, ulcers, hemorrhoids, or blood in stool should avoid it. Sun Simiao said: Consuming with rabbit meat creates malignant pathogens; consuming with crucian carp induces edema.) As for tears flowing upon eating mustard, this is because tears are the fluid of the Liver; Wood is controlled by Pungency, and the fluid cannot withstand this control. (Lu Tian said: Gazing at plums generates saliva; eating mustard causes tears to fall. These are the five fluids arising from external stimuli. Longing causes salivation; shame causes sweating. These are the five fluids generated internally.) There is no other profound meaning. One must carefully examine before using this. Therefore, it is advisable to warn against excessive consumption. The detailed discussion on mustard seeds is found in the section on Warming and Dispersing methods, which should be consulted jointly.