（金）燥湿除热消痰祛积镇怯
密陀僧（专入脾）。系出银坑之中。真者难得。今用多属倾银炉底。味辛而咸。气平小
毒。大
率多属祛湿除热。消积涤痰镇阴之品。故书载能绝疟除痢。安惊定魄。止血散肿。消积杀虫
。及疗肿毒。敷冻疮。（桐油调敷。）解狐臭。（浆水洗净。油调密陀僧涂之。以一钱用热蒸
饼一个。切开渗末夹之。）染须发。非其痰祛热清湿除。重镇软坚。则病曷克去乎！（时珍曰
。密陀僧感铅银之气。其性重坠下沉。直走下焦。故能坠痰止吐。消积定惊。治疟痢。止消
渴。疗疮肿。洪迈夷坚志云。惊气入心。络喑不能语者。用密陀僧末一匙。茶调服即愈。）
但此出于销银炉里。则有铜气杂入。不堪入药。且只可以外敷。不可以作服饵也。若入药。
须煮一伏时。
凡病伤于七情者宜补。伤于六淫者宜散宜清。伤于七情者宜补。则补自有轻重之分。先
天
后天之别。伤于六淫者宜散。则散自有经络之殊。邪气之异。如轻而浅者。其邪止在皮毛。
尚谓之感。其散不敢过峻。若至次第传变。则邪已在于经。其散似非轻剂可愈。迨至愈传愈
深。则邪已入不毛。其邪应从下夺。又非散剂所可愈矣！是以邪之本乎风者。其散必谓之驱
。以风善行数变。不驱不足御其奔迅逃窜之势也。邪之本于寒者。其散止谓之散。以寒凝结
不解。不散不足启其冰伏否塞之象也。邪之得于雾露阴寒之湿者。其邪本自上受。则散当从
上解。而不得以下施。邪之渐郁而成热者。其散当用甘平辛平。而不可用辛燥。至于邪留于
膈。欲上不上。欲下不下。则当因高而越。其吐之也必宜。邪固于中。流连不解。则当从中
以散。其温之也必便。若使邪轻而感。有不得用峻劣之药者。又不得不用平淡以进。俾邪尽
从轻散。而不致有损伤之变。此用散之概也。又按阴盛则阳微。阳胜则阴弱。凡受阴寒肃杀
之气者。自不得不用辛热以治。惟是邪初在表。而表尚有表中之表以为区别。如邪初由皮毛
而入太阳。其症必合肺经并见。故药必先用以麻黄以发太阳膀胱之寒。及或佐以杏仁生姜入
肺。并或止用桔梗紫苏葱管党参入肺之味以进。但杏仁则专入肺散寒下气止喘。生姜则专入
肺辟恶止呕。葱管则专入肺发汗解肌。桔梗则专入肺开提肺中风寒载药上浮。党参本于防
风桔梗伪造。则其气味亦即等于防风桔梗以疏肺气。至于细辛蔓荆。虽与诸药同为散寒之品
。然细辛则宣肾经风寒。蔓荆则除筋骨寒湿及发头面风寒。皆非太阳膀胱专药及手太阴肺经
药耳。他如白蔻荜茇良姜干姜川椒红豆蔻气味辛热。并薰香气味辛平。与马兜铃紫白石英冬
花百部气味辛温。虽于肺经则治。然终非属入肺专品。所当分别而异视者也。
密陀僧（专入脾）。系出银坑之中。真者难得。今用多属倾银炉底。味辛而咸。气平小毒。大率多属祛湿除热。消积涤痰镇阴之品。故书载能绝疟除痢。安惊定魄。止血散肿。消积杀虫。及疗肿毒。敷冻疮。（桐油调敷。）解狐臭。（浆水洗净。油调密陀僧涂之。以一钱用热蒸饼一个。切开渗末夹之。）染须发。非其痰祛热清湿除。重镇软坚。则病曷克去乎！（时珍曰。密陀僧感铅银之气。其性重坠下沉。直走下焦。故能坠痰止吐。消积定惊。治疟痢。止消渴。疗疮肿。洪迈夷坚志云。惊气入心。络喑不能语者。用密陀僧末一匙。茶调服即愈。）但此出于销银炉里。则有铜气杂入。不堪入药。且只可以外敷。不可以作服饵也。若入药。须煮一伏时。
凡病伤于七情者宜补。伤于六淫者宜散宜清。伤于七情者宜补。则补自有轻重之分。先天后天之别。伤于六淫者宜散。则散自有经络之殊。邪气之异。如轻而浅者。其邪止在皮毛。尚谓之感。其散不敢过峻。若至次第传变。则邪已在于经。其散似非轻剂可愈。迨至愈传愈深。则邪已入不毛。其邪应从下夺。又非散剂所可愈矣！是以邪之本乎风者。其散必谓之驱。以风善行数变。不驱不足御其奔迅逃窜之势也。邪之本于寒者。其散止谓之散。以寒凝结不解。不散不足启其冰伏否塞之象也。邪之得于雾露阴寒之湿者。其邪本自上受。则散当从上解。而不得以下施。邪之渐郁而成热者。其散当用甘平辛平。而不可用辛燥。至于邪留于膈。欲上不上。欲下不下。则当因高而越。其吐之也必宜。邪固于中。流连不解。则当从中以散。其温之也必便。若使邪轻而感。有不得用峻劣之药者。又不得不用平淡以进。俾邪尽从轻散。而不致有损伤之变。此用散之概也。又按阴盛则阳微。阳胜则阴弱。凡受阴寒肃杀之气者。自不得不用辛热以治。惟是邪初在表。而表尚有表中之表以为区别。如邪初由皮毛而入太阳。其症必合肺经并见。故药必先用以麻黄以发太阳膀胱之寒。及或佐以杏仁生姜入肺。并或止用桔梗紫苏葱管党参入肺之味以进。但杏仁则专入肺散寒下气止喘。生姜则专入肺辟恶止呕。葱管则专入肺发汗解肌。桔梗则专入肺开提肺中风寒载药上浮。党参本于防风桔梗伪造。则其气味亦即等于防风桔梗以疏肺气。至于细辛蔓荆。虽与诸药同为散寒之品。然细辛则宣肾经风寒。蔓荆则除筋骨寒湿及发头面风寒。皆非太阳膀胱专药及手太阴肺经药耳。他如白蔻荜茇良姜干姜川椒红豆蔻气味辛热。并薰香气味辛平。与马兜铃紫白石英冬花百部气味辛温。虽于肺经则治。然终非属入肺专品。所当分别而异视者也。
(Dryness) Dries dampness, eliminates heat, resolves phlegm, removes accumulation, and calms fright.
Miduo Seng (Litharge, *Lithargyrum*) specifically enters the Spleen channel. It originates from silver mines. Genuine specimens are rare; what is used today mostly comes from the bottom of silver smelting furnaces. Its taste is pungent and salty, its nature is neutral with slight toxicity. Generally, it belongs to the category of products that dry dampness, eliminate heat, resolve accumulation, wash away phlegm, and suppress Yin pathogenic factors. Therefore, texts record that it can cure malaria and dysentery, calm fright and stabilize the spirit, stop bleeding and dissipate swelling, remove accumulation and kill parasites, as well as treat sores and toxic swellings, and apply to frostbite (mixed with tung oil for application). It can also relieve fox odor (wash with grain water, mix Miduo Seng with oil and apply, using one qian mixed into a steamed bun, cut open, sprinkle powder inside, and sandwich it). It dyes hair and beard. Unless it resolves phlegm, eliminates heat, clears dampness, and uses heavy sedation to soften hardness, how could the disease be cured? (Shizhen said: Miduo Seng absorbs the qi of lead and silver; its nature is heavy, sinking, and descending, going directly to the Lower Jiao. Thus, it can sink phlegm, stop vomiting, resolve accumulation, calm fright, treat malaria and dysentery, stop polydipsia, and heal sores and swellings. Hong Mai's *Yijian Zhi* states: When fright qi enters the Heart, causing network vessels to become mute and unable to speak, using one spoonful of Miduo Seng powder mixed with tea and taken orally will result in immediate recovery.) However, since this comes from silver smelting furnaces, copper qi may mix in, making it unsuitable for medicinal use. Moreover, it can only be applied externally and should not be ingested. If used internally, it must be boiled for a full day-and-night period (12 hours).
Generally, diseases caused by the Seven Emotions should be treated with tonification. Diseases caused by the Six Excesses should be treated with dispersing and clearing. Since diseases caused by the Seven Emotions require tonification, there are distinctions in the degree of tonification and differences between congenital and acquired conditions. Since diseases caused by the Six Excesses require dispersing, there are distinctions in meridians and differences in pathogenic factors. If the pathogen is light and superficial, it remains only in the skin and hair, still considered an "infection"; its dispersal should not be too harsh. If it progresses sequentially, the pathogen has entered the channels, and its dispersal cannot be cured by mild agents alone. As it penetrates deeper, the pathogen enters areas beyond hair growth (deep interior); such pathogens should be purged from below, and cannot be cured by dispersing agents! Therefore, if the pathogen originates from Wind, its dispersal must be called "driving," because Wind moves swiftly and changes frequently; without driving, one cannot control its rapid fleeing momentum. If the pathogen originates from Cold, its dispersal is merely called "scattering," because Cold condenses and does not resolve; without scattering, one cannot initiate the image of ice-frozen obstruction. If the pathogen is obtained from fog, dew, yin-cold dampness, it is originally received from above; thus, dispersal should be resolved from above and not applied from below. If the pathogen gradually stagnates and transforms into Heat, its dispersal should use sweet-neutral and pungent-neutral herbs, and should not use pungent-dry herbs. As for pathogen retained in the diaphragm, wanting to go up but unable, wanting to go down but unable, it should be induced to vomit by reaching high; vomiting is appropriate. If the pathogen is fixed in the middle, lingering unresolved, it should be scattered from the middle; warming is convenient. If the pathogen is light and contracted, requiring harsh or inferior drugs is inappropriate; instead, mild and plain herbs must be advanced to allow the pathogen to scatter lightly without causing damage variations. This is the general principle of using dispersing methods. Furthermore, when Yin is excessive, Yang becomes weak; when Yang is victorious, Yin becomes deficient. Those who receive Yin-cold and肃杀 (killing/severe) qi naturally must use pungent-hot herbs to treat them. However, when the pathogen is initially at the Exterior, there is still an "Exterior within the Exterior" for distinction. For example, when the pathogen initially enters the Taiyang channel via skin and hair, symptoms must coincide with the Lung channel. Therefore, herbs must first use Ephedra (*Ephedrae Herba*, Mahuang) to release Cold from the Taiyang Bladder channel, or assist with Almond Seed (*Prunus armeniaca seed*, Xingren), Fresh Ginger (*Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens*, Shengjiang) entering the Lung, or solely use Platycodon Root (*Platycodonis Radix*, Jiegeng), Perilla Leaf (*Perillae Folium*, Zisu), Scallion Tube (*Allii fistulosi Caulis*, Conguan), and Codonopsis Root (*Codonopsis Radix*, Dangshen) flavors entering the Lung to advance. But Almond Seed specifically enters the Lung to scatter Cold, direct Qi downward, and stop asthma; Fresh Ginger specifically enters the Lung to ward off evil and stop vomiting; Scallion Tube specifically enters the Lung to induce sweating and release the muscle layer; Platycodon Root specifically enters the Lung to lift and raise Wind-Cold in the Lung and carry drugs upward. Codonopsis was fabricated based on Saposhnikovia Root (*Saposhnikoviae Radix*, Fangfeng) and Platycodon Root; thus, its flavor and nature are equal to Saposhnikovia and Platycodon to diffuse Lung Qi. As for Asarum (*Asari Radix et Rhizoma*, Xixin) and Vitex Fruit (*Viticis Fructus*, Manjing), although they are all cold-scattering herbs like other drugs, Asarum disseminates Wind-Cold from the Kidney channel, while Vitex Fruit eliminates Cold-Dampness in bones and muscles and releases Wind-Cold on the head and face; neither are specific drugs for the Taiyang Bladder channel or the Hand-Taiyin Lung channel. Others such as White Cardamom (*Amomi Fructus Rotundus*, Baiko), Long Pepper (*Piperis Longi Fructus*, Bibie), Galangal (*Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma*, Liangjiang), Dried Ginger (*Zingiberis Rhizoma*, Ganjiang), Sichuan Pepper (*Zanthoxypi Pericarpium*, Chuanjiao), and Red Cardamom (*Amomi Fructus Ruber*, Hongdoukou) have pungent-hot flavors and aromas; Mugwort Flower (*Artemisiae Argyi Flos*, Xunxiang) has a pungent-neutral flavor; Aristolochia Root (*Aristolochiae Radix*, Madouling), Purple/White Quartz (*Quartzum Purpureum/Album*), Winter Jasmine (*Jasmini Floridium*, Donghua), and Stemona Root (*Stemonae Radix*, Baibu) have pungent-warm flavors. Although they treat the Lung channel, they are ultimately not specific herbs entering the Lung, and should be distinguished and viewed differently.