（无鳞鱼）补脾利水
鲛鱼（专入脾）。即海中之鲨鱼者是也。生于南海。背皮粗错。可 刀把。其肉作脍。（鲜
活
切片。沃以五味。生食为脍。）能补五脏。功亚于鲫。盖鲫补脾利水。想此亦属利水之品。
故有功亚于鲫之说也。皮治尸疰蛊毒。烧灰解 鱼毒。
（无鳞鱼）入肝补血入肾滋水
乌贼鱼（专入肝。兼入肾）。肉按书止言气味酸平。又言其味珍美。食则动风与气。其
治载能
益气强志。及通妇人月经。可知其性属阴。故能入肝补血。入肾滋水强志。而使月事以时而
下也。又考书言乌贼鱼既能吸波 墨。令水溷黑。自卫以防人害。又能日浮水上诈死以啄乌
。是其性阴而险。固不待言。且其腹中血出与胆有如墨黑。手染色变。书字则逾年迹灭。惟
存空纸已尔。是其色黑入肾。又不待言。是以阴脏服之。则能动风与气。泄泻腹痛。阳脏服
之。则能敛阴秘阳。故在其骨名为螵蛸。亦能以治血枯气竭肝伤之病也。惟是其肉久不入食
。故义亦不甚明。今则南北通用。觉血枯阴燥。服则有益无损。而血衰气寒。服反见害。岂
非性阴不燥之义欤？柔鱼无骨。形质与气。皆与乌贼骨鱼肉相若。但味胜于乌贼鱼。越人重
之。
（无鳞鱼）温润脾胃
鳝鱼（专入脾）。即泥鳅。伏于泥中。得土阴气以养。性动而侵。故能入土以补脾。书
言暖中
益气者。义根是也。得水则浮而出。涸则入泥而不见。故能下。入而治病。书言同米粉煮羹
。下入而收痔者。义由斯也。他鱼水涸即毙。惟鳅常自染涎以自养。伏泥而不涸。故人服之
而津生。书言醒酒消渴者。义亦由兹起也。（消渴用泥鳅十头。阴干。去头尾。烧灰。干荷
叶等分为末。每服二钱。新汲水调下。日二服。名沃焦散。）乌须揩牙。（泥鳅槐蕊野狼把草各
一两。雄燕子一个。酸石榴皮半两。捣成团。入瓦罐内。盐泥固济。先文后武。烧炭十斤。
取研。日用。一月以来。白者皆黑。）阳事不起。（泥鳅煮食之。）如何用之立应。以其筋强
力锐。故能入骨以乌须。入肾与肝以起阳也。牛狗羸瘦。（用鳅一二枚。从口鼻送入。立肥
。）如何用无不效。以其具有补土之能。故能使之而立肥也。若在喉中骨哽。用此入喉牵拽
而出。（用鳅鱼线缚其头。以尾先入喉中。牵拽出之。）此则人之所易知者矣！但不可合白犬
血食。
鲛鱼（专入脾经）。就是海中鲨鱼。生长于南海。背部皮肤粗糙交错。可以用刀刮取。其肉制成脍。（鲜活切片。淋上五味调料。生食即为脍。）能补益五脏。功效略逊于鲫鱼。大概因为鲫鱼能补脾利水。推测此鱼也属于利水之物。所以有功效略逊于鲫鱼的说法。鱼皮可治疗尸疰蛊毒。烧成灰可解鱼毒。
乌贼鱼（专入肝经，兼入肾经）。肉质按书籍记载只说气味酸平。又说味道珍美。食用会引发风邪与气机紊乱。其治疗作用记载为能益气强志。以及疏通妇女月经。可知其性质属阴。所以能入肝补血。入肾滋水强志。使月经按时来潮。又考察书籍记载，乌贼鱼既能吸水墨。使水浑浊变黑。以自卫防止被人伤害。又能白天浮在水面假装死亡来啄食乌鸦。是其性质阴险。这已是不言而喻的。况且它腹中血出与胆如墨般黑。手染色后变色。书写字迹则过一年痕迹消失。只留下空纸罢了。是其色黑入肾。这也不言而喻。因此阴脏之人服用它。则会引发风邪与气机紊乱。导致泄泻腹痛。阳脏之人服用它。则能收敛阴液固秘阳气。所以它的骨名为海螵蛸。也能用于治疗血枯、气竭、肝伤等病证。只是它的肉长久以来未被列入食物。所以医理含义也不太明确。如今南北通用。感觉血枯阴燥者。服用则有益无害。而血衰气寒者。服用反而有害。难道不是性质阴而不燥的含义吗？柔鱼没有骨头。形体质地与气味。都与乌贼骨和鱼肉相似。但味道胜过乌贼鱼。扁鹊重视它。
鳝鱼（专入脾经）。就是泥鳅。潜伏在泥中。得土之阴气滋养。性动而侵。所以能入土以补脾。书籍记载暖中益气。道理根源在此。得水则浮出水面。水干涸则潜入泥中不见踪影。所以能下行。入体内治病。书籍记载同米粉煮羹。下行收敛痔疮。道理由此而来。其他鱼水干涸即死。只有泥鳅常自己沾染唾液以自养。伏在泥中不枯竭。所以人服用它而生津液。书籍记载醒酒消渴。道理也由此产生。（消渴症用泥鳅十条。阴干。去头尾。烧成灰。与干荷叶等分为末。每次服二钱。新汲水调下。每日两次。名为沃焦散。）乌须黑发刷牙。（泥鳅槐蕊野狼把草各一两。雄燕子一只。酸石榴皮半两。捣成团。放入瓦罐内。用盐泥密封加固。先文火后武火。烧炭十斤。取出研磨。每日使用。一个月后。白色的都变黑。）阳事不起。（将泥鳅煮熟食用。）为何使用能立即见效。因为其筋强力锐。所以能入骨以乌须。入肾与肝以起阳。牛狗羸瘦。（用泥鳅一二条。从口鼻送入。立即肥壮。）为何使用无不有效。因为它具有补土的能力。所以能使它们立即肥壮。如果在喉中有骨刺卡住。用此法入喉牵拽而出。（用鳝鱼线缚住其头。以尾部先进入喉中。牵拽出来。）这是人们容易知晓的！但不可与白犬血同食。
[Scaleless Fish] Tonify the Spleen and promote diuresis
Shark (enters the Spleen meridian exclusively). This refers to sharks in the sea. They inhabit the South Sea. Their dorsal skin is rough and textured. It can be scraped with a knife. Its meat is prepared as *kuai* (sashimi). (Fresh slices are cut, seasoned with five flavors, and eaten raw.) It tonifies the five Zang organs. Its efficacy is slightly inferior to that of Crucian Carp (*Carassius auratus*). Since Crucian Carp tonifies the Spleen and promotes water metabolism, it is inferred that this fish also belongs to the category of promoting water metabolism. Hence, the statement that its efficacy is inferior to that of Crucian Carp. The skin treats *shizhu* (wasting-and-gathering disease) and gu poison. Burned to ash, it resolves fish poisoning.
[Scaleless Fish] Enters the Liver to nourish blood; enters the Kidney to nourish yin/water
Cuttlefish (enters the Liver meridian exclusively, and concurrently enters the Kidney meridian). According to texts, its taste and nature are described only as sour and neutral. It is also noted for its exquisite flavor. Consumption may trigger wind and disrupt qi dynamics. Its therapeutic indications include benefiting qi, strengthening willpower, and regulating menstruation in women. This indicates its nature is yin. Therefore, it enters the Liver to nourish blood and enters the Kidney to nourish yin (water), strengthen willpower, and ensure regular menstrual flow. Further examination of texts reveals that cuttlefish can absorb ink, clouding the water to defend against predators. It can also float on the surface during the day, feigning death to peck at crows. Its nature is thus yin and treacherous, which is self-evident. Moreover, its internal blood and gall resemble black ink, staining hands and causing written characters to fade after a year, leaving only blank paper. This demonstrates its black color entering the Kidney, which is also self-evident. Consequently, individuals with Yin-deficient constitutions who consume it may experience triggered wind and qi disruption, leading to diarrhea and abdominal pain. Individuals with Yang-deficient constitutions who consume it may experience astringency of yin and conservation of yang. Thus, its bone, known as Hai Piao Xiao (Sepiae Endoconcha), can treat conditions such as blood depletion, qi exhaustion, and Liver injury. However, its meat has long been excluded from dietary records, so its medicinal rationale remains unclear. Currently used universally in the north and south, it is beneficial for those with blood depletion and yin dryness without harm. Conversely, it is harmful for those with blood deficiency and cold qi. Is this not consistent with its yin nature that is not drying? Cuttlefish squid (soft-bodied) lacks bones. Its form, texture, and qi are similar to Sepiae Endoconcha and cuttlefish meat, but its flavor is superior. Bian Que valued it highly.
[Scaleless Fish] Warm and moisten the Spleen and Stomach
Eel (enters the Spleen meridian exclusively). This refers to loach. It burrows in mud, nourished by the yin qi of the earth. Its nature is active and invasive, allowing it to enter the soil to tonify the Spleen. Texts state it warms the middle and benefits qi; the rationale lies here. When in water, it floats to the surface; when water dries up, it buries itself in mud and becomes invisible. Thus, it directs downward. Used internally to treat diseases, texts mention cooking it with rice flour into a soup to direct downward and astringe hemorrhoids; the rationale stems from this. Other fish die when water dries up, but loaches constantly coat themselves with saliva to sustain themselves, remaining moist while buried in mud. Therefore, human consumption generates body fluids. Texts state it awakens from alcohol intoxication and relieves thirst; the rationale arises from this. (For polydipsia/xiao ke, use ten loaches, shade-dry, remove head and tail, burn to ash, mix equally with dried lotus leaf powder. Take 2 qian each time, mixed with fresh well-water, twice daily. Named Wo Jiao San.) Blacken hair and clean teeth. (Loach, Sophora flower buds, wild wolf grass, each 1 liang; one male swallow; half 1 liang of sour pomegranate peel. Pound into a paste, place in a clay jar, seal tightly with salt mud. Fire first gently then vigorously. Burn until charcoal (10 jin). Grind. Use daily. After one month, white hair turns black.) Impotence. (Cook and eat loach.) Why does application yield immediate results? Because its tendons are strong and force sharp, it enters the bones to blacken hair, and enters the Kidney and Liver to restore yang. Emaciated cattle and dogs. (Use one or two loaches, insert through mouth/nose. Immediate fattening occurs.) Why is it always effective? Because it possesses the ability to tonify Earth (Spleen/Stomach), it causes immediate weight gain. If a bone is stuck in the throat, use this method to insert into the throat and pull it out. (Tie the head of an eel with thread, insert tail-first into the throat, and pull out.) These are easily understood by people! However, it must not be consumed together with white dog blood.