粤语∶佛桑枝叶类桑,花丹色,名朱槿,一名福桑,又名扶桑,重台者曰爱老,多以为
蔬。
纲目木槿后有扶桑条,止载外治,故补之。
吴震方岭南杂记∶扶桑粤中处处有之,叶似桑而略小,有大红、浅红、黄三色,大者开
泛如
芍药,朝开暮落,落已复开,自三月至十月不绝。佛桑与扶桑正相似,而中心起楼,多一层
花瓣。今人以扶桑、佛桑混一,非也。纱缎黑退变黄,捣扶桑花汁涂之,复黑如新。
润容补血(粤语)。美颜润血(陈述斋琐语∶朱槿花蒸醋食之,粤中妇女多以此美姿)。
敏按∶
两粤琐语载朱槿与佛桑皮微有异,云朱槿一名日及,亦曰舜英,叶如桑,光润而浓,高止四
、五尺,而枝婆娑,自仲春花至仲冬,一丛之上,日开数百朵,朝开暮落,色深红,五出,
大如蜀葵,瓣卷起,势若飞扬,层出如楼子,有蕊一条,比瓣稍长,上缀金屑,日光所烁,
疑有火焰,粤女多种之,插枝即生。苏子瞻诗∶焰焰烧空红佛桑,谓朱槿也。然佛桑又有殷
红、水红、黄、紫各色,比朱槿差小,称小牡丹,四时有花,白者以为菜蔬,甜美可口,女
子食之尤宜。据陈述斋所云∶则佛桑与朱槿一类而二物,要其功用亦不甚远,故粤语以为即
朱槿。今并附录其功用,以补李氏所未备。
粤语地区称:佛桑的枝叶类似桑树,花朵呈丹红色,名为朱槿,又名福桑,又被称为扶桑。重瓣的品种称为爱老,常被当作蔬菜食用。
《本草纲目》在木槿之后设有扶桑条目,但仅记载了外用治疗方法,因此对此进行补充。
吴震方在《岭南杂记》中记载:扶桑在广东各地都有生长,叶子像桑叶但略小,有大红、浅红、黄三种颜色。大的花朵盛开时如同芍药,早晨开放傍晚凋落,凋落后又重新开放,从三月到十月花开不绝。佛桑与扶桑非常相似,但花心隆起如楼台,多一层花瓣。现在人们将扶桑和佛桑混为一谈,这是错误的。用纱布或缎子染黑后褪色变黄,捣碎扶桑花取汁涂抹,可恢复如初的黑色。具有润容补血的功效(依据粤语说法)。美颜润血(据陈述斋《琐语》记载:将朱槿花蒸熟后加醋食用,广东妇女多用此法美化姿容)。
赵学敏按语:
两广地区的笔记小说记载朱槿与佛桑的树皮略有差异,说朱槿又名日及,也称舜英,叶子像桑叶,光洁润泽且浓密,高度只有四五尺,枝条婆娑多姿,从仲春开花到仲冬,一丛之上每天开放数百朵,早晨开放傍晚凋落,花色深红,五瓣,大小如蜀葵,花瓣卷起,气势飞扬,层层叠出如楼台状,有一根花蕊比花瓣稍长,顶端点缀着金色粉末,在阳光下闪耀,疑似有火焰燃烧,广东女子多种植它,扦插枝条即可成活。苏东坡诗句:“焰焰烧空红佛桑”,指的就是朱槿。然而佛桑又有殷红、水红、黄、紫等各种颜色,比朱槿稍小,被称为小牡丹,四季都有花,白色的被当作蔬菜,甜美可口,女子食用尤其适宜。根据陈述斋的说法,则佛桑与朱槿是同类而不同的两种事物,大概其功效也不相上下,所以粤语认为它们就是同一种植物。现在一并附录其功效,以补充李时珍《本草纲目》所未完备之处。
Cantonese: The branches and leaves of Fosuang (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) resemble those of the mulberry tree; its flowers are cinnabar-red, named Zhujin (Chinese Hibiscus), also known as Fusang, or Fusang. The double-flowered variety is called Ailao, and it is often used as a vegetable.
Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica) has a section on Fusang after Mu Jin (Hibiscus mutabilis), but only records external treatments; therefore, this entry supplements that information.
Wu Zhenfang in Lingnan Zaji (Records of Lingnan): Fusang grows everywhere in Guangdong. Its leaves resemble mulberry leaves but are slightly smaller. There are three colors: large red, light red, and yellow. The larger blooms are like peonies when fully open; they open in the morning and fall by evening, yet bloom again after falling, continuing from March to October without cessation. Fosuang is very similar to Fusang, but the center rises like a tower, with an extra layer of petals. Nowadays, people confuse Fusang and Fosuang, which is incorrect. To restore black color to gauze or satin that has faded to yellow after dyeing, crush Fusang flowers, extract the juice, and apply it; the fabric returns to its original blackness. It moistens the face and nourishes blood (according to Cantonese usage). It beautifies the complexion and nourishes blood (Chen Shuzhai's Suoyu: Steamed Chinese Hibiscus flowers eaten with vinegar; women in Guangdong often use this method to enhance their appearance).
Zhao Xuemin notes:
Notes from Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi) record that the bark of Zhujin and Fosuang differs slightly. It states that Zhujin is also called Rijí (Sun-arriving) or Shunying, with leaves resembling mulberry leaves, smooth, lustrous, and dense. The plant is only four or five chi tall, with graceful branches. From mid-spring to mid-winter, hundreds of flowers bloom daily on one clump, opening in the morning and falling by evening. The deep red flowers have five petals, are as large as Malva alcea (mallow), with curled petals appearing to fly upward, layered like a pagoda. There is a single stamen slightly longer than the petals, tipped with golden dust that sparkles in sunlight, resembling flames. Women in Guangdong cultivate it extensively, and it propagates easily from cuttings. Su Dongpo’s poem "Yanyan shao kong hong Fosuang" (Flames burning the sky, red Fosuang) refers to Zhujin. However, Fosuang also comes in dark red, water-red, yellow, and purple varieties, slightly smaller than Zhujin, and is called "Little Peony." It blooms in all four seasons. The white variety is used as a vegetable, sweet and delicious, especially suitable for women to eat. According to Chen Shuzhai, Fosuang and Zhujin are of the same category but distinct species; their functions are likely not far apart, hence Cantonese usage considers them identical. Here, I append their functions together to supplement what Li Shizhen omitted.